FILE NAME: Chemical Abstracts (CHAB)

DATE: 1969

DOC#: CHAB061

OCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Abstract Originally Published in 1964 by Wagner

rectly exposed to I in industry, while the remaining 100 had
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w < .s * 4 > A i i u i i a i v i d d U i C c U ^ U i l H C U t
O U U K 'C S | Q & t T l ^ C ) f l l l Q
methods for the quant, detn. of SOi are also reviewed.
lived in the vicinity of asbestos mines or mills. The av. period
of exposure to I dust before development of the tumors was 40
- » ‘s 'i W
F. X. Pollio
2 6 Emergency exposure limits; pentaborane(O). J. P. Frawley, years, and asbestosis in the usual sense was not involved. There
et at. Ant. In i. Hyg. Assoc. J. 27(2), 193-5(1966) (Eng); was exposure to III in only 1 case, Not a single case of meso­
cf. CA 63, 48516. Emergency exposure limits are intended 1 thelioma involving exposure to II was discovered, although II re­
for use in emergency planning by specialists in industrial sembles I in mineral compn. The carcinogenic effects of I prob­
hygiene. The limits for pentaborane (9) are: 5 min. 25 ppm., ably result from its content of oils and waxes adsorbed on the fiber
15 min. 8 ppm., 30 min. 4 ppm., and 60 min. 2 ppm. Exposure and contg. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including 3,4-ben­
to 1000 ppm. for one min. can cause convulsions and possibly zopyrene. Such oils occur in II but to a lesser extent. Investi­
death. Pentaborane(9) (B6H9) boils at 58.4°, and the vapor pres-_ gation of diffuse mesotheliomas in various cities in Great Britain
sure at 25° is 200 mm. so that a minor spill could cause a _rapid showed that the development of the pathol. processes was assoed. /
contamination above the toxic limits. Pentaborane(9) is insen­ with exposure to asbestos dust in a large majority of the cases. /
sitive to shock, but it forms shock-sensitive mixts. with many
W. C. Tobie
The health of workers processing reinforced polyesters [con­
chlorinated hydrocarbon or carbonyl-contg. solvents. 16 ref­
taining styrene]. R. L. Zielhuis, F. Hartogensis, J. Jongh, J.
erences.
Wm. MacL. Pierce
The action of various dusts on [guinea pig] macrophages in i W. H. Kalsbcek, and H. van Rees (Netherlands Inst. Preventive
Med., Leiden). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Ma­
vitro. W. Klosterkoette: (Univ. Muenster, Ger.). Beitr.
Silikose-Forsch., Sonderband 6, 125-30(1963)(Pub. 1965)(Ger). drid 1963(3), I092-7(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Tests were done in 3
The cytopathogenic effects of quartz (I) on various types of leu­ facto, -es in 1959-1962 where the main volatile toxic agent was
kocytes arc reviewed and interpreted, as well as agents which sty cut (I). Concns. of I in the air at various stages of polyester
oppose these effects. In new expts., macrophages from the peri­ processing are considered. I is moderately toxic, but reports on
toneal exudates of guinea pigs were sepd. by centrifuging and " industrial I poisoning and max. allowable concns. (MAC) are
washing, 34 hrs. after the intraperitoneal injection of 20 ml. discrepant. In the new tests, the MAC value (considered to be
physiol, saline soln. Admixts. of macrophages were made with 100 ppm.) was sometimes considerably exceeded, but the av.
dusts of differing chem, compn. in Hanksssoln. at pH 7.2 and exposure was below 100 ppm. (420 mg./cu. m. of air). Tem­
porary discomfort (described) was observed, mainly drowsiness
incubated at 37°, with various tests run after 2, 4, 6, and 22 hrs.
Phagocytosis of I caused a breakup of the cells after 6 hrs. This ( and nonspecific irritation of mucus membranes. Despite expo­
effect was prevented if 0.1% poly(vinylpyridine-A%>xide) (P sures as long as 5 years, no chronic disturbance of health was
204) (II) was also present. Phagocytosis of corundum, TiOs, or observed. No significant changes were observed in hematological
SiC did not cause disintegration of the macrophages. The ceii values or in blood or urine constituents were observed. In 1
suspensions normally showed increasing concns. of lactic acid factory, hippuric acid, glucuronic acid, and neutral S in urine
(III) over 22 hrs. in the absence of dusts, and essentially the same were repeatedly detd. at the end of the working day, but no dif­
amts, of III were produced by cells phagocytizing corundum or - ferences were found between workers exposed to I and others.
W. C. Tobie
TiOj. In cells phagocytizing I, the formation of III was greatly 25 references.
The pathology and biochemistry of silicosis produced intra­
diminished. In contrast with other reports, quartz glass partides and an amorphous SiOj prepn. showed cytopathic effects venously in rabbits. M. Mosinger, J. Jouglard-Duplay, A.
of the same order of magnitude as those of I, but such effects were Versino, and C. Granier (Fac. Med., Marseilles, France). In­
completely antagonized by II. Certain dusts (such as of Zn tern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3), 1118-21
blende) had some effect in diminishing the increase of III in.the 1 (Pub. 1964)(Fr), Rabbits of the Fauve de Bourgogne variety
(1.2-1.5 kg. body wt.) were intravenously injected monthly with
cell suspensions, but this effect was at least partly antagonized
100 mg. of silica (I) with a particle size brought to 1-3 n
by II. The addn. of guinea pig serum to cell suspensions favored
III production although it was not detd. whether the serum di­ by sedimentation. Injections were repeated to a t6tal dosage
minished the cytopathogenic action of I. Possible mechanisms of of 500-600 mg. I. The rabbits were observed for as long as 3
action of the various substances on the cells are discussed.
- years. The av. levels of I attained in the blood serum (av. 0.454
mg. %) were equiv. to the av. values (0.340 mg. %) observed
W. C. Tobie.
Rare metals and their compounds as environmental factors in in human silicosis. In some cases, values as high as 1000 mg. %
industry. Z. I. Izrael’son and S. V. Suvorov (I. M. Sechenov I in blood were observed. However, blood I fell to normal
1st Med. Inst., Moscow). Gigiena i Sanit. 31(4), 24-30 levels 2 months after the last injections. I was accumulated
(19G6)(Russ). Discussion of the toxicity, volatility, danger of mainly in the liver, lungs, and spleen. Kidney I was nearly the
contact of solns. with the skin, etc., factors to be considered in same as in normal animals. Statistical analysis of the effects
on blood proteins showed little change in a-globulins in relation
evaluating rare metals from an industrial hygiene standpoint.
to the doses of I or the passage of time. Albumin diminished
John Howe Scott
Metabolic and cardiac effects produced by muscular effort in slightly in proportion to the doses of I and time elapsed. For fianthracosilicotics. A. de Coster, R. Messin, and H. Denolin globulins, there were important increases after 500 mg. total
(Hop. Saint Pierre, Brussels, Belg.). Intern. Congr, Occupational doses of I. The increases were marked and permanent after 8
Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3), 1034-5(Pub. 1964)(Fr). The title ' months of treatment. The 7-globulins increased even with 200
effects were detd. in 50 anthracosilicosis patients by 15 min. of ex­ mg. total I, after which they increased as much as 140% in pro­
ercise on a bicycle ergometer. In 30 of the subjects, pulmonary portion to total I and elapsed time. The glycoproteins (arventilation and O uptake were essentially normal. A 2nd group globulins) increased about 30%. The /5-lipoproteins increased
gave less satisfactory responses, and in a 3rd group (8 patients) 30-50%. Both sexes showed approx. 50% decreases in urinary
muscular effort was poorly tolerated. Blood pH in the 50 sub­ 17-keto steroids, appearing within 1 month of the .initial I in­
jects was initially increased (emotive hyperventilation). After jection, with continued decreases as the exptl. silicosis pro­
gressed. Hepatic and splenic lesions was macroscopically evident.
5 min. exercise, the pH was almost always diminished. At 10­
15 min., the pH tended to rise again but not to initial values. After 4-5 months there was cirrhosis and enlargement of the liver.
The pH was normal 20 min. after exercise terminated. Blood There was a diffuse splenomegaly and silicotic nodules. Histol.'
bicarbonates (I) were almost always lowered after 5 min. of exer­ and pathol. changes visible microscopically.are described. Norcise, and remained low despite a slight tendency to increase at the ■ ■mal rabbits showed a slow urinary elimination of Congo red, but
end of exercise. Initial values of I were attained after 30 min. of silicotic animals eliminated it rapidly. Silicotic nodules were
rest. In the 1st group (with good tolerance to effort), blood found in the lungs but not in the kidneys. Differences in the
lactate (II) had increased at 3 min. and usually reached max. accumulation and deposition of I indicated that some body organs
values after 5 min. or sometimes after 10 min. The II usually are “ silicophilic” while others are ''silicoresistant.” There was
did not increase above 60 mg. % but sometimes reached 70-80 an apparent tendency for I to accumulate in organs rich in rcmg. %. In some cases, II decreased while muscular effort con­ ticulohistiocytic cells (endotheliovascular cells). Such cells are
tinued. II always decreased 5 min. after effort ceased and was infrequent in the kidneys but abundant in such tissues as lym­
normal 30 min. later. In the 8 persons who tolerated effort phatic ganglions. The neuroendocrine reactions of rabbits to I
poorly, the changes in II sometimes resembled those in the 1st resembled those previously observed in guinea pigs, rats, and
group. In other cases, II continued to increase as long as ef­ dogs. The marked histol. effects of I on the adrenals was evifort continued and reached high levels. The development of .denced by the diminution in 17-keto steroid excretion. In 2
metabolic acidosis in the 3 groups is described. The results are silicotic rabbits, there were lesions of the aortic wall contg. muco­
interpreted in relation to differences in hyperventilation in an­ polysaccharides and drops of lipid. Deposits contg. Ca were
also present. Certain organs showed deposits of amyloid (or
thracosilicosis of differing extent.
W. C. Tobie
Asbestos dust exposure and malignancy [diffuse mesotheliomas possibly para-amyloid or parahyaline) material. The diffuse
of the pleura]. J. C. Wagner (Llandough Hosp., Penarth, amyloidosis was assoed. with a marked plasmocytosis and splenic
W. C. Tobie
Wales). Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963 necrosis. 12 references.
Urinary elimination of 17-keto steroids by miners, in relation
(3), 1066-7(Pub. 1964)(Eng). Approx, equal amts, of 3 forms
of asbestos, crocidolite (I), amosite (II), and chrysotile (III) are to environmental temperatures. C. Berdan and M. Pafnote.
Intern. Congr. Occupational Health, 14th, Madrid 1963(3),
in com. production in South Africa, where 120 cases of the title
1334-6(Pub. 1964)(Fr); cf. CA 58, 4964d. Previous work
disease were observed. Exposure to dusts of I (blue asbestos)
' was demonstrated in 110 of the cases. Only 10 had been di­ is interpreted with n'1'" data on reactions of the adrenals in

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