1
S/C/738/89
I

I

IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION

I
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

I

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs

I

- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC., AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTD./
UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants
AND
\

BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs

I
- and -

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC., AND U N IROYAL CHEMICAL LTD./
UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants

I

t
I

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW CHEMICAL
CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC., AND U N IROYAL
CHEMICAL XTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW CHEMICAL
CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC., AND U N IROYAL
CHEMICAL LTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants
RECORD ON MOTION

William B. Richards, Esq.
Clark, Drummie & CompanyBarristers & Solicitors
40 Wellington Row
Saint John, N.B.
Telephone:
633-3800
Solicitors for the Plaintiffs

David M. Norman, Esq., Q.C.
Hanson, Hashey
Barristers & Solicitors
400 Phoenix Square
Fredericton, N.B.
Telephone:
453-7771
Solicitors for the Defendants

Douglas A.M. Evans, Esq., Q.C.
Gilbert, McGloan, Gillis
Barristers & Solicitors
133 Prince William Street
Saint John, N.B.
Telephone:
634-3600
Solicitors for the Defendant
Chipman Inc.

Thomas O'Neil, Esq., Q.C.
Barry & O'Neil
Barristers & Solicitors
85 Charlotte Street
Saint John, N.B. *
Telephone:
633-4226
Solicitors for the Defendants
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Chemical Canada Inc.

■>

I N D E X
1.

Affidavits of Service of W. Andrew LeMesurier, sworn to
January 14, 1993.

2.

Notice of Motion dated January 8 , 1993.

3.

Affidavit of Jerry K. White sworn to January 8 , 1993.

3

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC.,
AND U N IROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA I N C ., CHIPMAN I N C .,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants
AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE
(FORM 18B)

I, W. Andrew LeMesurier, of the City of Saint John,
in the County of Saint John and Province of New Brunswick,
MAKE OATH AND SAY AS FOLLOWS:
1.
On the 8 th day of January, 1993, I served the
defendant, Chipman Inc. with the attached document marked "A"
by leaving a copy with Douglas A.M. Evans, Q.C., at Gilbert,
McGloan, Gillis, Solicitors for the defendant, Chipman Inc.,
at 133 Prince William Street, Saint John, N.B.

2.
I was able to identify the person served by means of
the fact that he is known to me.
SWORN TO at the City of Saint )
John, in the County of Saint
)
John, in the Province of New
)
Brunswick, this 14th day of
January, A.D., 1993.

Commissioner of Oaths
Being a Solicitor

JOHN C. VVAjjlNER '

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants
AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE
(FORM 18B)

I, W. Andrew LeMesurier, of the City of Saint John,
in the County of Saint John and Province of New Brunswick,
MAKE OATH AND SAY AS FOLLOWS:
1.
On the 8th day of January, 1993, I served the
defendant, The Dow Chemical Company and Dow Chemical Canada
Inc. with the attached document marked "A" by leaving a copy
with Marilyn Patstone, Receptionist, at Barry & O'Neil,
Solicitors for the defendants, The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Chemical Canada Inc., at 85 Charlotte Street, Saint John,
N.B.

(p

I was able to identify the person served by means of
2.
the fact that she identified herself to me.

SWORN TO at the City of Saint
John, in the County of Saint
John, in the Province of New
Brunswick, this 14th day of
January, A.D., 1993.

Commissioner of 0
Oaths
.
Being a Solicitor

JOHN C. WARNE

)
)
)
)

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE
DOW
CHEMICAL
COMPANY,
DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T D ./UNIROYAL
CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants
AFFIDAVIT OF SERVICE
(FORM 18B)

I, W. Andrew LeMesurier, of the City of Saint John,
in the County of Saint John and Province of New Brunswick,
MAKE OATH AND SAY AS FOLLOWS:
1.
On the 8 th day of January, 1993, I served the
defendant, Uniroyal Chemical Ltd./Uniroyal Chemical Ltee. with
the attached document marked "A" by leaving a copy with David
Norman, Q.C., at Hanson Hashey, Solicitors for the defendant
Uniroyal, at 400 Phoenix Square, Fredericton, N.B.

2.
I was able to identify the person served by means of
the fact that he identified himself to me.
SWORN TO at the City of Saint
John, in the County of Saint
John, in the Province of New
Brunswick, this 14th day of
January, A.D., 1993.

W. Andrew LeMesurier
Commissioner of Oaths
Being a Solicitor

JOHI'i«- WARNER

9

S/C/738/89

IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC., AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTD./
UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC., AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTD./
UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants

NOTICE OF MOTION
(FORM 37A)
TO:

The Defendants

The Plaintiffs will apply
to the Court of Queen's Bench
of
New
Brunswick
at
the
Provincial
Building
at
110
Charlotte Street, 4th Floor,
Saint John, N.B., on the 18th
day of January, 1993, at 1:30
p.m.
for an order that the

AVIS DE MOTION
(FORMULE 37A)
DESTINATAIRE:
Le demandeur (ou selon le
cas ) demandera à la Cour a
(lieu précis)
/
le
/ à
, 19
h
, d 'ordonner :

/O

Statement of Claim be amended
as set out in the affidavit of
Jerry K. White, pursuant to
Rule 27.10 of the Rules of
Court.
Upon the hearing of the
motion the following affidavits
or other documentary evidence
will be presented:
(a)

A l'audition de la motion,
les affidavits ou les authres
preves
littérales
suivantes
seront présentées:

Affidavit of Jerry K.
White, sworn to on the
8th day of January, 1993.
Sachez que:
You are advised that:

(a)

you are entitled to issue
documents
and
present
evidence at the hearing
in English or French or
both ;

(b)

the plaintiffs intend to
proceed in the English
language; and

(c)

if you intend to proceed
in
the
other
official
language, an interpreter
may be required and you
must so advise the clerk
at least 5 days before
the hearing.

(a)

vous
avez
le
droit
d'émettre des documents
et
de
présenter
votre
preuve à l'audience en
français, en anglais ou
dans les deux langues;

(b)

le demandeur (ou selon le
cas)
l'intention
d'utiliser la langue
; et
si vous avez l'intention
d'utiliser l'autre langue
officielle, les services
d'un interprète pourront
être
requis
et
vous
devrez
en
aviser
le
greffier au moins 5 jours
avant l'audience.

(c)

DATED at Saint-John NB, this
day of January, 1993.
i
/
> /s
Solicitor for Plaintiffs,
William B. Richards,
Clark, Drummie & Company

FAIT à
19
.

Avocat du demandeur

le

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs,
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
-CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC., AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL
LTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTE E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN:

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs,
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC.,
AND U N IROYAL CHEMICAL
LTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants

A F F I D A V I T
I,
Jerry K. White, of the City of Fredericton,
County of York and Province of New Brunswick, MAKE OATH AND SAY AS
FOLLOWS :
1.
I am a plaintiff in the above noted action and as such I
have personal knowledge of the facts herein deposed to unless
otherwise stated.
2.
I am Executive Director of the Sprayers of Dioxin
Association
Health
and
Environment
Inc.
("S.O.D.A."),
an
association originally organized in 1984 for the purpose of
investigating the health effects of phenoxy herbicides on employees
of New Brunswick Electric Power Commission who sprayed herbicidal
formulations for N.B. Power during the 1950s and 1960s.

in t

3.
As Executive Director of S.O.D.A., and as a plaintiff in
the above action, I also have acted as agent for the plaintiffs in
the prosecution of this action, making all decisions in relation to
hiring lawyers,
and experts,
negotiating with New Brunswick
Electric Power Commission (now New Brunswick Power Corporation) in
an attempt to settle the plaintiffs' claim against N.B. Power in a
related action to this one.
As well, I made all other necessary
decisions in the case against Dow and Others.
I have so acted as
agent for the plaintiffs since 1984.
4.
The pleadings in this case, which
volume, have been filed with the court.

are

substantial

in

5.
This affidavit is for bhe purpose of supporting the
plaintiffs' motion to amend their pleadings with respect to fraud
as well as to plead res ipsa loguitor.
6.
In November 1991 the plaintiffs applied to court for
production of Dow Chemical's documents as set out in its Affidavit
of Documents.
The documents began to arrive in January 199.2 as
undertaken by Mr. O'Neil on behalf of Dow. At the present time Dow
still has not made available to the plaintiffs all of its Schedule
"A" documents, although the plaintiffs have requested them several
times, and Dow had undertaken to produce them as of January 1992.
In fact there are still what I estimate to be 1200-1400 documents
not made available as set out in Appendix "D" of Schedule "A" of
Dow's affidavit.
7.
The plaintiffs have received from Dow's Affidavit of
Documents copies of 80 rolls of microfilm.
Each roll has
approximately 4000 documents on it.
We have fully reviewed and
hard copied about 25 rolls.
8.
On January 27th, 1992, about two weeks before discovery
of the plaintiffs began, the plaintiffs asked to delay discovery
until they had a chance to review Dow's documents,
the defendants
objected and on motion the court refused the adjournment.
9.
The plaintiffs made a request for copies of Chipman's
Affidavit of Documents in June of 1992.
The copies were not
delivered until July 1992.
10.
Uniroyal was served with a request for an Affidavit of
Documents in May 1992.
To date there has been no Affidavit
forthcoming from that defendant.
Attached hereto and marked as
Exhibit "A" is a letter dated November 27, 1992 from Clark, Drummie
& Company to Hanson, Hashey.
I am informed by William B. Richards
and I verily believe it to be true, that Uniroyal is to file their
Affidavit of Documents in January 1993. Attached hereto and marked
as Exhibit "B" is a letter from David Norman, Q.C. to Mr. Richards
inviting Mr. Richards to review the documents before the actual
preparation of the Affdiavit.

11.
As a result of the above, and as a result of the fact
that several hundreds of further documents have been received from
N.B. Power within the same time frame as described above, the
plaintiffs were not previously in a position to properly and fully
advance allegations in respect of fraud.
12.
Attached hereto and marked as Exhibit "C" is a copy of
the proposed amendments to the Statement of Claim wherein fraud is
alleged against the defendants as particularly set out therein and
which allegations I verily believe to be true.
13.
In respect of the proposed amendments the following
documents are, I verily believe, evidence of the defendants' fraud
as set out in the proposed amended claim:
1.

Two letters to William B. Richards from Dr. Alastair Hay
re PCBs, dated 3 November 1992 and November 10, 1992
along with attached C.V. The letters express an opinion
in respect of the hazards of chemicals used in the spray
program and the non-disclosure by the defendants of those
hazards.

2.

Pages 8 and 9 of deposition of V.K. Rowe, former Director
of Toxicology for Dow Chemical Company and Assistant
Director of Dow's Biochemical Research Laboratory.
The
testimony
acknowledges
Dow's
early
knowledge
of
chlorinated di or bi phenyls
(P.C.B.s)
and their
toxicity. The testimony was taken in the case of Keister
v. D o w , U.S.
District Court,
Eastern District of
Arkansas, July 18, 1990.

3.

Paper entitled Chloracne - Dow Experience. This paper
traces in chronological order Dow's history of chloracne,
along with the chemical agents in question. (Dow document
1289).

4.

Report of Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company re Toxicity of 2,4,5 Trichlorophenoxy
Acetic Acid, dated August 25, 1945 (Dow document 1172).

5.

Two pages from Dow Brochure entitled Application Methods
and Dosage for Dow Weed and Brush Killer Formulations in
which Dow proposes the use of oil as a carrier. This is
on N.B. Power microfilm files and in part reads as
follows:
Basal Bark Treatment
2 nd paragraph
Spray Mix:
Use 4 gallons of Esteron 245 for every
95 gallons of fuel or kerosene or similar oil.
Transformer oil has been used satisfactorily.
Do
not use water or oil-water emulsions for basal bark

treatment.
available.

Used

transformer

oil may

be used

if

Esteron Brushkiller
bottom of page, 1 st column
and top of page, 2 nd column
Fuel oil may be used....it is questionable whether
oil
adds
to
the
effectiveness
of
Esteron
Brushkiller.
In certain cases when application is
made during the summer season with particular
emphasis on wetting the stems and bark rather than
the foliage, good results have been obtained.
6.

Letter to Mr. J.E. Guerette, New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission from W.A. Stearman, Chipman Chemicals Limited
dated 28 November 1956 proposing use of oil as carrier
(N.B. Power files).

7.

Letter to James M. Cruickshank, Naugatuck Chemicals from
P.C.
Levesque,
The
New
Brunswick
Electric
Power
Commission, dated June 20, 1951 re use of oil in spray
program.

8.

Letter to P.C. Levesque, The New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission from James Cruickshank, Naugatuck Chemicals
(owned by and defending this action as Uniroyal Chemical
Ltd.), dated June 29, 1951 regarding the use of oil in
spray program.

9.

Document prepared by The Dow Chemical Company entitled
Brush and Weed Control on Railroad Rights of Way by Use
of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, dated January 26, 1953 indicating
safety of product.

10.

Document entitled The New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission Transmission Line R-O-W Maintenance Chemical
Control Operation Instruction to Foremen indicating
safety of product and mixture of herbicide with stove
fuel or waste transformer oil.

11.

Page 14 from report of N.B. Power Herbicide Use (1955-64)
prepared in 1984 re the sale- of Brushkill (2,4-D and
2,4,5-T) by the defendants to N.B. Power.

12.

Letter to Dr. Andrew G. Goesl, Texarkana, Arkansas-Texas
from V.K. Rowe, The Dow Chemical Company dated July 12,
1955 indicating Dow's knowledge of extent of exposure by
sprayers.

13.

Letter to Dr. Knecht, Boehringer Co.
dated 14 November 1955 re hazards
document 1549).

from Dr. Schmidt
of 2,4,5-T (Dow

C?

14.

Letter to L.L. Coulter, The Dow Chemical Company from
V.K.
Rowe,
Biochemical
Research
Department,
dated
February 13, 1956 re hazards of oil as used in herbicide
spray to human health.

15.

Letter to Mark Wolf, Biochem Research Lab, The Dow
Chemical
Company
from
L.L.
Coulter,
Agricultural
Chemicals Development, The Dow Chemical Company, dated
March 20, 1959 requesting information on the toxicity of
oil used in Brushkiller formulations.

16.

Letter
to
L.L.
Coulter,
Agricultural
Chemical
Development, The Dow Chemical Company from Mark A. Wolf,
Biochemical
Research
Laboratory,
The
Dow
Chemical
Company, dated July 6 , 1959 re effects of fuel oil in
response to above referenced request.

17.

Memorandum to Mr. George Gagnon from J.E. Guerette, The
New Brunswick Electric Power Commission re: Transformer
Waste Oil and Oil Drums for use in spray program, dated
October 28, 1959.

18.

Letter to Dow Chemical Company from German based C.H.
Boehringer
Sohn
re
The
chlorakne.
Preparation
of
Trichlorophenol, dated February 11, 1957 (Dow document
1750).
The letter purports to assist Dow Chemical in
solving its chloracne problem.

19.

Letter to Brigadier General Fred J. Delmor, U.S. Army
Munitions, Army Chemical Centre, Maryland,
from G.E.
Lynn, Director of Registration Bioproducts Department,
The Dow Chemical Company re Dow's stated position that
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T are non-toxic, dated April 22, 1963
(Dow document 1362)

20.

Letter to Dow Chemicals Company from C.H. Boehringer Sohn
re chloracne, dated December 15, 1964 (Dow document
1286).
The shared information was to be kept strictly
confidential.
(See attached english translation by W.B.
Trapp, Dow Chemical Company).

21.

Letter to Dr. Hans Merz, C.H. Boehringer Sohn from Walter
B.N. Trapp, The Dow Chemical Company, dated January 28,
1965 re dangers of trichlorophenol and secrecy agreemetn
between Dow Chemical and Boehringer.

22.

Memorandum L.G. Silverstein, The Dow Chemical Company,
Industrial Hygienist re Hazard of Monsanto T Acid, dated
March 10, 1965.
This memo indicates that the final
product used as 2,4,5-T spray can be contaminated.

23.

Letter to Mr. John Stephens from Dr. R. Emmet Kelly
(medical director at Monsanto Chemical Company) dated
March 17, 1965 re extreme toxicity of dioxin received

/<p

from Dow Chemical.
24.

Letter from V.K. Rowe, Biochemical Research Laboratory,
The Dow Chemical Company to Dr. Emmet Kelly and others
dated March 19, 1965 re meeting of chemical companies.

25.

Letter to Mr. Paul Hoffman from Dr. R. Emmet Kelly dated
March 30, 1965 re 2,4,5-T problem.

26.

Report on the Chloracne Problem Meeting on 3/24/65 from
L.G. Silverstein dated March 29, 1965.

27.

Letter to Ross Mulholland, Dow Chemical of Canada from
V.K. Rowe, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company dated - June 24, 1965 re meeting of
chemical companies.

28.

Document entitled The Chloracne Problem - Biochem's
Contribution dated 3/11/65.
This is a brief history of
Dow's
experience
with
the
toxic
effects
of
its
trichlorophenol process (Dow document 2868) .

29.

Internal memo re trichlorophenol summary from J.D.
Doedens, Chemicals Department, cc. V.K. Rowe, re chemical
companies handling of trichlorophenol problems and Dow's
secrecy agreement with Boehringer.

30.

Letter
to C.A.
Highhill,
2,4,-D
Plant
from L.G.
Silverstein, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company, dated August 16, 1966 re testing for
chloracne.

31.

Letter to K.E. Coulter, Midland Division Research &
Development
from
Alex
Widiger,
Benzene
Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, dated April 25,
1967 re chloracne research program.
The document
indicates the slow progress being made in identifying the
chloracnegens. It also indicates that chloracne is just
cosmetic evidence of serious systemic injury.

32.

Letter to W.J. McCoy, Bioproducts Sales, from V.K. Rowe,
Biochemical
Research
Laboratory,
The
Dow
Chemical
Company, dated July 25, 1967.

33.

Document prepared by Biochemical Research Laboratory, The
Dow Chemical Company entitled Chloracne Problem at Fort
Saskatchewan Plant,
Dow Chemical
of Canada,
dated
3/21/69.

34.

Dow document entitled Distribution of Reported Adverse
Effects
Following
Exposure
of
Field
Workers
and
Applicators to 2,4-D Formulations, prepared circa 1978
(Dow document 5716).

i*r

35.

Paper entitled A Dow Canada Backgrounder re The Risk in
Spraying 2,4,5-T Herbicide dated June 30, 1982.

36.

Pages 22 and 23 of a Cohort Mortality Study prepared by
Sobeco Ernst & Young, on behalf of the plaintiffs, dated
October 1992 indicating excess deaths in cohort.
The
study has been served upon the defendants.

14.
Attached hereto and marked as Exhibit "D" are copies of
the documents described above.
15.
I make this affidavit for the purpose of requesting this
Honourable Court to permit the proposed amendments
to the
plaintiff's claim as referenced.
SWORN to at the City of
Fredericton, in the County
of York, in the Province of
New Brunswick, this 8th day

Commissioner of Oaths
Being a Solicitor
yff. Andrew LeMesurier

)
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C lark, D ru m m ie & C o m p a n y
B A R R IS T E R S A N D S O L I C I T O R S
4 0 W E LL IN G TO N ROW

S A IN T J O H N . N.B.
CANADA
M A IL IN G A D D R E S S :

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W A L L A C E S. T U R N B U L L . O .C .
M .R O B E R T J E T T E
T E R R E N C E W . H U T C H IN S O N
P A T R IC K J. P. E R V IN
L. P A U L Z E D
F R E D E R IC K A. W E L S F O R D
J O H N M. M C N A IR

T H O M A S B. D R U M M IE . O .C .
D O N A L D F. M a C C O W A N , O .C .
W IL L A R D M . J E N K IN S
B A R R Y R. M O R R IS O N
F R A N K P. H A M M
W IL L IA M B. R IC H A R D S
N O R M A N J. B O S S E
W. A N D R E W L E M E S U R IE R
S H E R R IE R. BO Y D
J. GEOR GE BYRNE
T IM O T H Y M. H O P K IN S
M. L IS E A L L A IN

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M IC H A E L J. C O M E A U

P L E A S E R E F E R TO .

O U R F IL E NO

COUNSEL
R IC H A R D W. B IR D

November 27, 1992

Y O U R F IL E NO.

Messrs. Hanson, Hashey
Barristers & Solicitors
Suite 400, Phoenix Square
P.O. Box 310
Fredericton, N.B.
E3B 4Y9
Attention:

David M. Norman, Esq., Q.C.

Dear Sirs:
RE:

Agnew and Others v. Dow Chemical and Others

Further to our attendance in court I am calling
upon you to deliver your client's Affidavit of Documents
forthwith.
In my view the affidavit should contain any and
all marketing information and data which your client possesses
vis-a-vis N.B. Power.
It should contain any and all toxicological
studies carried out by your client or in its possession
in respect of the herbicides in question, dioxins and any
toxicological studies in respect of the various recommended
oils to be used as a carrier for the herbicide spray, including
kerosene, fuel and diesel oil and transformer oil (PCBs).
Uniroyal's affidavit should also contain reference
to any correspondence with other chemical companies, governmental
agencies and departments, private companies or individuals
in respect of the manufacture, marketing and/or use of
2,4-D and 2,4,5-T as well as any of the related chemicals
or chemical compounds involved in the manufacturing process
of the referenced herbicides.
Customer complaints are
also absolutely relevant.
The above documents would include not just letters
and correspondence but all internal corporate memos as
well as laboratory notes, production logs and any other
written, microfilmed, microfiched or computerized data.

C la r k . D r u m m ie a C o m p a n y

2

As well, the plaintiffs demand that this information
not be restricted by the years of exposure.
In other words,
the plaintiffs are entitled to information which predates
1950 or which was produced after 1967 if in any way it
relates to the issues between the parties.
One of those
issues which is of prime importance is the development
of Uniroyal's knowledge and information in respect of the
chemicals in question.
I
believe that Uniroyal has had more than sufficient
time to search its records and prepare the affidavit of
documents.
I would point out that Dow's affidavit of documents
was filed in only a matter of several weeks after the Request
was served upon Mr. O'Neil.
In my mind Uniroyal has had
an excessive amount of time to comply with the request.
Yours truly,
CLARK, DRU1

E & COMPANY

William B. Richards
WBR/nrg

iSfibatfiaOMII

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HANSON, HASHEY
B A R R IS T E R S

& S O L IC IT O R S

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D M
J I.
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N O R M A N . Q. C. iO n t b a r i
M W H I T C O M B . Q. C.
H A N S O N . Q.C

T E L E P H O N E ( 50 6) 45 377 7)

W.D V A I L
M E
BO W LIN
B D HATFIELD
J A G
DICKSO N
A. D W O O D E R
T J
M O R R I S O N (n s B a r i
J C FOSTER
L RICHARD
C. M B O W L E N
J M RICH AR D
C V H E N D E R S O N iont bari
C R. C W H A L E N i o n t b a r i
S C MacLEAN
A J FRENETTE
M M L ZAUHAR-PERRY

S U IT E 4 0 0 . P H O E N IX S O U A R E

FA X (506)453-9600

F R E D E R I C T O N . N E W B R U N S W IC K
E 3 B 4Y9
PLEASE

REFER

TO

O UR FILE NO

910983
December 24, 1992

William B. Richards
Clark, Drummie & CompanyBarristers and Solicitors
P.0. Box 6850, Station "A"
Saint John, New Brunswick
E2L 4S3
Dear Mr. Richards:
Re: Acmew and Others v. Dow Chemical and Others
Further to your letter dated December 22, it is entirely
up to you when you take advantage of our invitation to see our
documents.
The purpose of our invitation was to save expense and
delay in preparation of an Affidavit of Documents. Therefore, the
earlier you meet with me the better.
Yours truly

DMN/te

O F F I C E S IN F R E D E R I C T O N A N D S A I N T J O H N . N E W B R U N S W I C K

JH

vA

S/C/738/89
IN THE COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH OF NEW BRUNSWICK
TRIAL DIVISION
JUDICIAL DISTRICT OF SAINT JOHN
BETWEEN:

CLARENCE AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs,
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL
LTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL L T E E .,
Defendants

AND
BETWEEN :

JEAN VIVIAN AGNEW AND OTHERS,
Plaintiffs,
- and THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, DOW
CHEMICAL CANADA INC., CHIPMAN
INC.,
AND UNIROYAL CHEMICAL
LTD./UNIROYAL CHEMICAL LTEE.,
Defendants

PROPOSED AMENDED STATEMENT OF CLAIM

&

THIRD AMENDED
STATEMENT OF CLAIM

1.
The plaintiffs are individuals with the capacity
to sue and variously reside at the municipalities as
referenced in Schedules "A" and "B" annexed hereto.
2.
The plaintiffs' actions having cause number
F/C/373/89 have been consolidated with the actions having
cause number S/C/738/89 pursuant to an order of the Court of
Queen's Bench on December 10, 1991.
3.
The plaintiffs severally bring their actions in
this proceeding pursuant to Rule 5.03 of the Rules of Court.
4.
The defendant, The Dow Chemical Company,
(hereinafter called "Dow Chem"), is a duly incorporated
company having its head office in the City of Midland, in
the State of Michigan, in the United States of America.
5.
The defendant, Dow Chemical Canada Inc.,
(hereinafter called "Dow Can"), is a duly incorporated
company having its head office in the City of Sarnia, in the
Province of Ontario and at all times material was a
subsidiary of Dow Chem.
6.
The defendant, Chipman Inc., is a duly
incorporated company having its head office at the City of
Stoney Creek, in the Province of Ontario.
7.
The defendant Uniroyal Chemical L t d ./Uniroyal
Chemical Ltee. (Uniroyal) is a duly incorporated company
having its head office in Elmira, Ontario and is joined as a
defendant pursuant to an order of the Court of Queen's Bench
dated December 10, 1991.
8.
Between the years 1950 and 1967 the defendants
manufactured, synthesized, produced, distributed and/or sold
to the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission herbicides,
chemicals or chemical compounds of 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxy
acetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid
(2,4,5-T) which contained 2,3,7, 8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin ("TCDD").
9•
"TCDD" is a highly toxic impurity which is
produced in the manufacture of the 2,4,5-T herbicide which
was sold to the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission as
"Brushkiller" or "Silvex", and as a result of containing

"TCDD" were rendered highly toxic and known to be so by the
defendants.
10.
Several of the plaintiffs and those individuals
whose estates are represented by some of the named
plaintiffs (collectively "the users"), whose names are set
out in Schedule "A", were employed by the New Brunswick
Electric Power Commission variously between the years 1950
and 1967 as herbicide sprayers whose responsibility it was
to directly handle and apply the herbicides referenced in
paragraph 7 to destroy brush on property owned or controlled
by the New Brunswick Electric Power Commission.
11.
The defendants had actual knowledge of the method
of application of the herbicide chemical and knowledge of
the manner of exposure of the plaintiffs to the herbicide.
12.
The defendants knew but fraudulently*did not warn
the users of the high toxicity and likely severe and
detrimental health affects which could be contracted or
experienced by those who came into physical contact with the
herbicides, including respiratory and cardiovascular
disorders, liver disease, as well as an increased risk of
cancer, diabetes, fatigue, impotency, skin disorders such as
chloracne and nervous disorders, as well as death by
chemical intoxication.
13.
The users, not being warned of the potential
hazards of the herbicides, failed to take precautions to
avoid either the direct or indirect application to their
persons, or ingestion of the herbicides.
14.
As a result of their direct contact with the
herbicides as described, the users were caused serious and
debilitating personal injury or death.
15.
As a result of the injurious toxicity of the
herbicides the users have suffered significant special and
general damages both pecuniary and non-pecuniary.
16.
Several other plaintiffs, whose names are set out
in Schedule "B", are variously the spouses or children or
legal representatives of deceased spouses or children
(hereinafter called "Relatives") of the said users of the
herbicide applied by New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission.
17.
The defendants took no precautions, nor made any
attempt to safeguard, warn or protect the Relatives from
serious injury or death, being the likely consequences to
those who used or had more than a casual contact with the
said herbicides.

18.
The defendant Dow Chem and Dow Can fraudulently
misled the public in respect of the toxicity of its
herbicide product to human health, and as a result of such
fraud kept critical data verifying herbicide toxicity from
the plaintiffs to whom they owed a duty of care.
19.
The particulars of Dow Chem's fraudulent behaviour
referenced above are as follows:
(a)
by 1941 Dow Chem knew that highly chlorinated
hydrocarbons, including polychlorinated biphenols,
posed a potential serious health risk to humans
such as referenced in paragraph 1 2 above, of which
skin disorders such as chloracne were but
symptomatic.
(b^ Dov Chem knew in the 1934-1936 time frame
that Dow Chem employees producing Dowicide P
contracted severe chloracne.
This was a
trichlorophenol based product.
(c^ Dow Chem knew that in the mid 1940s some of
its customers complained to Dow Chem about
contracting dermatitis or chloracne from the use
of Dow Chem's Dovicide 3 product, a closely
related compound to trichlorophenol based
products.
(d^ Dov Chem knew that at its research lab at 172
Building 2,4,5 trichlorophenol residues caused
some worker chloracne during or before 1955.
(e) Dov Chem knew that at its 199 Building the
2,4,5—Trichlorophenol process caused serious
chloracne amongst its workers in 1964.
(f ) Dow Chem knew that it had a prevailing
chloracne problem amongst its workers in the
Dovicide plants in the 1950s and 1960s and began
research in 1966 on the problem.
Dovicides were
produced from polychlorinated hydrocarbons.
(o)
Dow Chem knew by 1957 that production
temperature for trichlorophenol should not be
raised above 150"C. To increase production Dow
Chem raised production temperature in 1963 in 199
Building which led to the formation of increased
levels of dioxin in Dow Chem's 2,4,5-T herbicide.

4

(h) Dow Chem's 2.4-D and 2,4,5-T, sold to N.B.
Power, were produced from chlorophenols and Dow
Chem knew that the toxic characteristics of the
trichlorophenol process was passed on to the
2.4,5-T herbicide.
(i) By 1957 Dow Chem knew that unwanted chemical
compounds being produced in the manufacturing
process of 2.4.5-T were extremely toxic and that
these compounds were dioxins: and Dow Chem knew
that dioxins. especially TCDD could cause serious
health risks to humans, including chloracne and
liver disorders.
Dow Chem's 2,4-D and 2.4.5-T were oil based.
Dow Chem knew by 1956 that these oils were
potential health risks to those who sprayed, were
exposed to, and breathed the oil mists, and that
such oils could cause disease or health conditions
such as respiratory ailments, chloracne. liver
disease and cardiovascular disease.
HO
Dow Chem organized and hosted a meeting of
other chemical companies including Hooker Chemical
Corporation. Diamond Alkali Company and Hercules
Powder Company in March 1965 for the purpose of
promoting private self regulation in the
production standards of 2.4.5-T and to forestall
government regulation which Dow Chem feared due to
the threat to human health of dioxin contained in
2,4,5-T herbicide.
(1)
Deliberately and with reckless disregard for
the plaintiffs' health Dow Chem did not publicly
or in any other manner disclose its experience,
knowledge or information as referenced above to
the plaintiffs, did not warn the plaintiffs of
serious potential health risks from exposure to
its herbicide products, and continued to produce
and market its products during the 1950s and 1960s
to N.B. Power.
20.
The particulars of Dow Can's fraudulent behaviour
as referenced above are as follows:
(a)
Despite having actual knowledge to the
contrary Dow Can fraudulently maintained publicly,
and to N.B. Power, as recently as August 18th and
19th. 1982. that 2,4,5-T poses no serious risk to

2.(o

5

human health as set out in letters to The Daily
News, a Halifax. Nova Scotia newspaper and to N.B.
Power.
(b)
Dow Can had the same or similar knowledge as
Dow Chem in respect to the toxicity of
polychlorinated hydrocarbons, generally, and
polychlorinated biohenvls. 2,4.5-T and dioxin
specifically, but did not warn the plaintiffs in
respect of the toxicity of these products as it
had a duty to do.
21.
By reason of the foregoing Dow Chem and Dow Can
committed fraud against the plaintiffs in producing and/or
marketing highly toxic chemicals to N.B. Power for use in
its herbicide spray program, and in not warning the
plaintiffs about the attendant hazards to ensure their
safety, and by never warning them as such, which they had a
duty to do.
22.
Such failure to warn the plaintiffs denied them
the knowledge or information necessary to avoid exposure to
the herbicide spray and oils, or having been exposed before
1967, it denied them the knowledge or information to seek
proper medical assistance after the fact of exposure,
thereby causing them death and iniurv as referenced.
23.
The defendants Dow Chem, Chipman Inc, and Uniroyal
individually recommended to N.B. Power with reckless
disregard for the plaintiffs' health, the use of either
transformer oil, kerosene, fuel or diesel oil as a herbicide
carrier in its spray program.
Such proposals were made in
1952 by Dow Chem, 1951 and 1956 by Chipman Inc, and 1951 by
Uniroyal.
24.
The above referenced defendants knew that such
oils were potentially extremely hazardous to human health
and could cause respiratory and cardiovascular disorders,
liver disease, as well as an increased risk of cancer,
diabetes, fatigue, imootency, skin disorders such as
chloracne and nervous disorders, as well as death by
chemical intoxication.
25.
Except for experimental purposes dating back to
1951, N.B. Power used such oils as recommended, at various
times from 1959 in its spray program.

6

26.
The defendants committed fraud upon the plaintiffs
by deliberately and recklessly not warning them or
disclosing to them the human health risk of exposure to
these oils, and by never disclosing to or warning the
plaintiffs as such which they had a duty to do.
27.
Such failure to warn the plaintiffs denied them
the knowledge or information necessary to avoid exposure to
the herbicide spray and oils, or having been exposed before
1967, it denied them the knowledge or information to seek
proper medical assistance after the fact of exposure,
thereby causing them death and injury as referenced.
28.
As a result of the defendants' fraud the
plaintiffs became exposed to the herbicides and oils
referenced.
They died or suffered serious injury to their
health, the particulars of which have been provided to the
defendants.
29.
As well, as a result of the defendants' fraud the
plaintiffs could not have reasonably discovered their
individual causes of action until sometime after June 30,
1985 which was approximately three months after a
preliminary mortality study was completed for the
plaintiffs.
30.
As a result of their family relationship with the
users as described, the Relatives also had significant and
regular contact with the herbicides and, as a result,
suffered serious and debilitating personal injury or death,
the particulars of which will be delivered to the defendants
upon request.
31.
Furthermore, as a result of the negligence and
fraud of the defendants, and the injurious toxicity of the
herbicides and oils used, the Relatives have suffered
special and general damages, both pecuniary and nonpecuniary.
32.
The plaintiffs, therefore, severally claim against
the defendants, in negligence and fraud both jointly and
severally, as follows:
(a) general damages for personal injury caused by
the herbicides containing "TCDD";
(b)
special damages, the particulars of which
will be delivered to the defendants at or before
trial;

22

7

(c)
special and general damages for loss of past
and future income;
(d)
in respect of those plaintiffs representing
the named estates, damages for wrongful death and
for that purpose the plaintiffs rely on Sections
2(1), 3(1), and (2) of the Fatal Accidents A c t .
R.S.N.B., c. F-7, and amendments thereto;
(e^ damages, including punitive and exemplary
damages for perpetrating fraud on the plaintiffs.
(f) the plaintiffs also claim damages pursuant to
Section 10 of the Medical Services Payment Act.
R.S.N.B. c. M-7 and amendments thereto and the
Hospital Services Act, R.S.N.B.. c. H-9 and
amendments thereto;
(g)

costs on a solicitor/client basis;

(h)
interest and such other relief as this
Honourable Court deems just.
33.
The plaintiffs plead and rely upon Section 2 of
the Contributory Negligence A c t . R.S.N.B. c. C-19, and
amendments thereto, and further plead the doctrine of res
ipsa loquitur in respect of the defendants' negligence.
34.
As well, the plaintiffs seek a declaratory order
from the court pursuant to Rule 27.06(111 of the Rules of
Court that notwithstanding the limitations period set out in
the Fatal Accidents Act or the Limitation of Actions Act,
that the plaintiffs' claims are not barred as a result of
the fraud of the defendants, or anv of them.

DATED at Saint John, N.B.
^

3! o T

FAIT a
le

19

William B. Richards

Avocat du demandeur

Name of Lawyer for
plaintiff :

Nom de 1'avocat du
demandeur :

William B. Richards

8
Name of firm:
lieu)

Raison sociale (s'il y a

Clark, Drummie & Company
Business Address:
40 Wellington Row
P.O. Box 6850, Station "A"
Saint John, N.B.
E2L 4S3
Téléphoné:
633-3800

Adresse professionnelle:

V

iaA

^

INDEX OF EXHIBITS

1

Two letters to William B. Richards from Dr.
Alastair Hay re PCBs, dated 3 November 1992 and 3 ¿3'
November 10, 1992 along with attached C.V.
The
letters express an opinion in respect of the
hazards of chemicals used in the spray program and
the non-disclosure by the defendants of those
hazards.

2

Pages 8 and 9 of deposition of V.K. Rowe, former
Director of Toxicology for Dow Chemical Company
and Assistant Director of Dow's Biochemical
Research Laboratory.
The testimony acknowledges
Dow's early knowledge of chlorinated di or bi
phenyls (P.C.B.s) and their toxicity.
The
testimony was taken in the case of Keister v. D o w ,
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Arkansas,
July 18, 1990.

3

Paper entitled Chloracne - Dow Experience. This
paper traces in chronological order Dow's history
of chloracne, along with the chemical agents in
question. (Dow document 1289).

4

Report of Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company re Toxicity of 2,4,5
Trichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, dated August 25,
1945 (Dow document 1172).

5

Two pages from Dow Brochure entitled Application
Methods and Dosage for Dow Weed and Brush Killer
Formulations in which Dow proposes the use of oil
as a carrier.
This is on N.B. Power microfilm
files and in part reads as follows:

L f^

Basal Bark Treatment
2 nd paragraph
Spray Mix:
Use 4 gallons of Esteron 245 for
every 95 gallons of fuel or kerosene or
similar oil.
Transformer oil has been used
satisfactorily.
Do not use water or oilwater emulsions for basal bark treatment.
Used transformer oil may be used if
available.

31

Esteron Brushkiller
bottom of page, 1 st column
and top of page, 2 nd column
Fuel oil may be used....it is questionable whether
oil
adds
to
the
effectiveness
of
Esteron
Brushkiller.
In certain cases when application is
made during the summer season with particular
emphasis on wetting the stems and bark rather than
the foliage, good results have been obtained.
6.

Letter to Mr. J.E. Guerette, New Brunswick Electric Power y r _ , ?
Commission from W.A. Stearman, Chipman Chemicals Limited
dated 28 November 1956 proposing use of oil as carrier
(N.B. Power files).

7.

Letter to James M. Cruickshank, Naugatuck Chemicals from
P.C.
Levesque,
The
New
Brunswick
Electric
Power
Commission, dated June 20, 1951 re use of oil in spray
program.

^

8.

Letter to P.C. Levesque, The New Brunswick Electric Power ,^ ,
Commission from James Cruickshank, Naugatuck Chemicals ° l'
(owned by and defending this action as Uniroyal Chemical
Ltd.), dated June 29, 1951 regarding the use of oil in
spray program.

9.

Document prepared by The Dow Chemical Company entitled
Brush and Weed Control on Railroad Rights of Way by Use
of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, dated January 26, 1953 indicating
safety of product.

10.

Document entitled The New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission Transmission Line R-O-W Maintenance Chemical
Control Operation Instruction to Foremen indicating
safety of product and mixture of herbicide with stove
fuel or waste transformer oil.

,

r , /2 ^

<
;

11.

Page 14 from report of N.B. Power Herbicide Use (1955-64)
prepared in 1984 re the sale of Brushkill (2,4-D and
2,4,5-T) by the defendants to N.B. Power.

12.

Letter to Dr. Andrew G. Goesl, Texarkana, Arkansas-Texas ¡-o
from V.K. Rowe, The Dow Chemical Company dated July 12, '
1955 indicating Dow's knowledge of extent of exposure by
sprayers.

13.

Letter to Dr. Knecht, Boehringer Co.
dated 14 November 1955 re hazards
document 1549).

; 1

!î

„I>r
from Dr. Schmidt
of 2,4,5-T (Dow

3^

14.

Letter to L.L. Coulter, The Dow Chemical Company
from V.K. Rowe, Biochemical Research Department,
dated February 13, 1956 re hazards of oil as used
in herbicide spray to human health.

15.

Letter to Mark Wolf, Biochem Research Lab, The Dow ¡ 'Chemical Company from L.L. Coulter, Agricultural
Chemicals Development, The Dow Chemical Company,
dated March 20, 1959 requesting information on the
toxicity of oil used in Brushkiller formulations.

16.

Letter to L.L. Coulter, Agricultural Chemical
Development, The Dow Chemical Company from Mark A.
Wolf, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company, dated July 6 , 1959 re effects of
fuel oil in response to above referenced request.

./
V

17.

Memorandum to Mr. George Gagnon from J.E.
Guerette, The New Brunswick Electric Power
Commission re: Transformer Waste Oil and Oil Drums
for use in spray program, dated October 28, 1959.

18.

Letter to Dow Chemical Company from German based
C.H. Boehringer Sohn re The chlorakne. Preparation
of Trichlorophenol, dated February 11, 1957 (Dow
document 1750).
The letter purports to assist Dow
Chemical in solving its chloracne problem.

19.

Letter to Brigadier General Fred J. Delmor, U.S.
,,
Army Munitions, Army Chemical Centre, Maryland,
'
from G.E. Lynn, Director of Registration
Bioproducts Department, The Dow Chemical Company
re Dow's stated position that 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
are non-toxic, dated April 22, 1963 (Dow document
1362)

20.

Letter to Dow Chemicals Company from C.H.
Boehringer Sohn re chloracne, dated December 15,
'- ■
1964 (Dow document 1286).
The shared information
was to be kept strictly confidential.
(See
attached english translation by W.B. Trapp, Dow
Chemical Company).

21.

Letter to Dr. Hans Merz, C.H. Boehringer Sohn from ,
Walter B.N. Trapp, The Dow Chemical Company, dated !
January 28, 1965 re dangers of trichlorophenol and
secrecy agreemetn between Dow Chemical and
Boehringer.

22.

Memorandum L.G. Silverstein, The
Company, Industrial Hygienist re
Monsanto T Acid, dated March 10,
indicates that the final product
spray can be contaminated.

?¡ f

,

\
\
' v

Dow Chemical
Hazard of
1
1965.
This memo'
used as 2,4,5-T

3 3

23.

Letter to Mr. John Stephens from Dr. R. Emmet
Kelly (medical director at Monsanto Chemical
Company) dated March 17/ 1965 re extreme toxicity
of dioxin received from Dow Chemical.

24.

Letter from V.K. Rowe, Biochemical Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company to Dr. Emmet
Kelly and others dated March 19, 1965 re meeting
of chemical companies.

25.

Letter to Mr. Paul Hoffman from Dr. R. Emmet Kelly
dated March 30, 1965 re 2,4,5-T problem.

26.

Report on the Chloracne Problem Meeting on 3/24/65
from L.G. Silverstein dated March 29, 1965.

27.

Letter to Ross Mulholland, Dow Chemical of Canada
from V.K. Rowe, Biochemical Research Laboratory,
The Dow Chemical Company dated June 24, 1965 re
meeting of chemical companies.

28.

Document entitled The Chloracne Problem Biochem's Contribution dated 3/11/65.
This is a
brief history of Dow's experience with the toxic
effects of its trichlorophenol process (Dow
document 2868).

29.

Internal memo re trichlorophenol summary from J.D.
Doedens, Chemicals Department, cc. V.K. Rowe, re
chemical companies handling of trichlorophenol
problems and Dow's secrecy agreement with
Boehringer.

30.

Letter to C.A. Highhill, 2,4,-D Plant from L.G.
Silverstein, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The
Dow Chemical Company, dated August 16, 1966 re
testing for chloracne.

, s

31.

Letter to K.E. Coulter, Midland Division Research
& Development from Alex Widiger, Benzene Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company, dated April
25, 1967 re chloracne research program.
The
document indicates the slow progress being made in
identifying the chloracnegens. It also indicates
that chloracne is just cosmetic evidence of
serious systemic injury.

^
^
i\

.

-

I3 l

-AC.
\ \j >

, t,

32.

Letter to W.J. McCoy, Bioproducts Sales, from V.K.
Rowe, Biochemical Research Laboratory, The Dow
Chemical Company, dated July 25, 1967.

33.

Document prepared by Biochemical Research
Laboratory, The Dow Chemical Company entitled

-x
‘-j
1

3 4

Chloracne Problem at Fort Saskatchewan Plant, Dow
Chemical of Canada, dated 3/21/69.
Dow document entitled Distribution of Reported
Adverse Effects Following Exposure of Field
Workers and Applicators to 2,4-D Formulations,
prepared circa 1978 (Dow document 5716).

> ,

Paper entitled A Dow Canada Backgrounder re The a
Risk in Spraying 2,4,5-T Herbicide dated June 30,
1982.
Pages 22 and 23 of a Cohort Mortality Study
prepared by Sobeco Ernst & Young, on behalf of the
plaintiffs, dated October 1992 indicating excess
deaths in cohort.
The study has been served upon
the defendants.

rc

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school Bouse
Arthington Lana
Ax-thlagtoh:
m i uc

|Mr william b xicnards
t d a r k D n m i i s Co
40 Wellington Bov
Bains John
Rev Brunswick
l 3 Bovmmbcr :1992
j Dear B U I

.
«da

2 bav« found the literature that I mould
trial and it is very helpful, is May be
it out in b notions.

;d ee use at
ueeCrtl if X set

chlorinated nephritelname
She first fatal cases of jaundice after exposure to
chlorinated naphthalene« ware reported in 1937 ( Qrinktt et.'
al J Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology : vol it, page rts
(1937). More extensive reports of the cases vare provided In
paper by Creenharg et al ( J lad Hyg & Tex. 21:39 (1939)
share it was noted that shin eruptions occ u n td before the
liver disease. The skin eruptions vers said to be
"characteristic of the dermatitis caused by chlorinated
naphthalenes« end until xeooatiy vas the only disturbance
attributed to thee". This skis disease is oov recognised to
1 be chlarsona.
More cases of chlorscns following exposure to chlorinated
L naphthalenes vere reported in 1943 ( Collier , The Lancet
Z;72, 1943)end 1944 ( Cotter
125:273 (1944)r
one of these
had H i
).
Other cases of jaundice censed by chlorinated naphthalene]
both fatal sore repox-tod in 1942 ( McLStahie & Bobertson,
Mad J. 2:691(1942)) and 1946 ( Dwyer .Med j huot.pegs 703
(1946) .
Ms a result of these esses above it w u recognised that if
someone had chlarscne they might else have systemic injury «»
veil which bad been panned by the naphthalenes, in some cases
the liver disease occurred: in tb« absence of skin eruption».

The first 3 cases of jaundice prompted the
ur* t o 1
ask Cecil Drinker at Harvard Medical School to investigate
th« toxicity of the chlorinated naphthalenes in animals.
Drinker ahowed thee the higher chlorinated congeners- ware:the
most toxic and that they caused marked liver damage. (Bennett

,«t al J 2nd 8yg 6 Tox J 20:97 {193«)). Hors importantly,
lDrinker and bis colleagues also looked at PCB« In these;
animal tests and they reported that of the”varie«c
chlorinetad hydrocarbons tested, chlorinated diphenyl {another
word ter Pcs) gar« evidence! of being the most toxic* (Page illsane ref). In another pspagraph the author« say :"thus, a
mixture of trichlornaphthalsnes ( chlorine costant 49.4 per .east) proved to be the least toxic of any of the ««pounds
. tested,whereas Chlorinated diphenyl ( chlorine oantent 65.0
per cent) vas highly toxic even in low concentration»."
the paper Z have quoted free which discuesee the animal test*
•coaid not be aisinterpreted. The evidenoe we* clomr. PCBe
were sere toxic then chlorinated naphthalene» in rets.
Aaci result of their wort in animale Drinker and his
colleague# recommended soae occapational exposure stanaards
for PCB*. Tha ease values «ere suggested far the pente end
hexa chlorinated naphthalan*« based on animal feeding and
inhalation studies, m e recommendations were for sxpiwaea
were 0.5 eg per cubic setre. ( Drinker, J 2nd Byg 4 Tox
2X:153(1939)

m e first and extreeely useful PCS publication was by
Schwartz ( As J Public Health 26:5«6 (1936)) in which he
pointed out that : "In addition to these skin
lesions (ehloraooK], symptoms of systemic poisoning have
occurred saong workers Inhaling these fuees(PC3»s3. Thoara
working with the ahloro diphenyls haeve complained of
digestive disturbances, burning of the eyes ,iapotonce " and
he then refers to symptoms caused toy different eheeieals. So
PCS* caused skin and internal problems and this was known in
19 3*1
■jgisns
in a later paper Schwarts and Peck (NT State J Med
43:1711(1943)) say that the "most potent or those
chemicals, as far as their acne-farming properties are
concerned, are the chlqrnaphth»lenest.cblordipfaenylsEPCBc3 ,aad
chlordiphenyloxides.* To prevent occupational s c i m m worker» '
Should not be axpoeed to their tunes and therefore processes.;
should be "totally enclosed". In addition the "workers should
be provided with clean ciovsralls and underclothes daily,
tbesa should be laundered at the plant and cleaned in such *
way that no chlorinated hydrocarbons resale on then".
Schwartz and seek also say- that shower baths should he
ecapalsary, there should be sufficient facilities so that
workers do sot have to wait too long for a shower, and
suitabw do«j>w«a« should be provided to renew« chemicals
fro» the skin.
z think that this should about cover it!
With best wishes

!

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TOTCÌL P .04

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t lf í >
i

f Kr W iX llsB 1 B iabarás
.¡ crtHTX Trrmm\n i Cr
1 40 B e ilin g tó n Row
| S a in t Joto
(i R n Brunswick
I **«»»*»

■School Bous* .
Arthlngton Lana
Arthington
Loads LS21 ip*
Xnglaad

- 10 Xowember 1902
•|; toar- Bill '
1st Bgmsw ere? g

Bov u d otbmra

j. As a result oí reading the documanata of tba chemical
| companies in this case 2 as prepared to state the following:

111 3 chemical companies recommended the formulation of
their herbicides in transformer oil. Haogatack reeomeended
this practice in 1951; Chipaaa made a eisilar recommendation
in 1957, and Dow also advocated the ose of transformer oil i n .
! one of its brochures, which would appear no have been written;
in the 1950’s. Transformer oil contains polychlorinated
b ip h e n y ls
(PCOe) end 1% w e e veil h m s w n 1» tho late 1930*c
that these products vere harmful. By 1936 it was clear that
these chemicals not only caused the shin disease ohloracna,
but that they were also the cause of syrtasxic illness as
wall. By 1938 it was known that the PCBa would damage the
liver of eaqperimeatal rats ead that they were more toxic to
the liver then the chlorinated naphthalenes. Chlorinated
naphthalenes «rare known at that time to have been responsible
for the deaths of 3 workers.
Chloarmoae ead dioxin
f

Bow bad e chlaraane problem for many years. Between 1934-6
severe outbreaks occurred amongst «aployes* producing
Dovlaide P. The eternícele involved in this process were
Sodium tetrschlaropheoate and o-chloropoenylphanol.
(

In the 1930's there wee one laboratory ease following
exposure to a chlorinated dibensofuran.

I
A cane of what would appear to have been chlaraane f
sometimes referred to as Dowicide humps) was reported in a
saweill worker in 1936. The chemicals responsible ware
reported to be Dowicidss (possibly Dowicide H - sodium
tetrachlorophenoxide).
*
i

I

i r tha 1940 *• Dow customers «re reports to bava contracted
chloraana tram Dowiclde 3 , » mixtura of 4- «ad 6- chlcro-2; phanylphenol.

i MVtft casa of chlocacne occurred in the ben*ana resotrob
laburatory in 1942 «bao vomaana recycled a triehlarophanol
rosidua in a glycol solvent.
I
Cassa of tba al in disease also occurred in workers «aployad
5' os Dew SX production in tba ISSO'* and i960* a. At laaat ona
f »avara and several slid casas ora n^ortad to bave been
cases of ehloracse also occurred at the Boshringer company
in Vast Oermany in 1954/55 and tba company was put in touch
vitb Dov to get help. Boabringar aaa alao asking 2,4,5triofaloropbonol. on 11 February 1957 Boabringar arota to Dov
to explain vbera the eblanrmatm producing agent was foread in
■ tba 2,4,s-trichicropfasnol process. Sba chlcracmegen n s
' identified ms 2,3,7,t-tetraehl«rodibaasodiexia(dloxin> in
1957« Boabringar alao inforead Dov about tba need to beep tba
: taeparatura lov in tba trichlorophenol process, Blgber
temperatures would lead to the tarnation of vara of tba
dioxin, tba contents of this latter appear to have bean
ignored. Bad tba infcarestion bean noted, Dov would not have
; triad to incraasa tba-production of trlohlorophanol in.1944
•' by raining the tcaparatura of tbe prooaas.
| Dew's tricbioropbanol procaaa «nut known to produne
‘ aatarials oapabla of causing dblaraona aa far book as 1944.
; Samples tram the trichlorophenol process vara tested for
their potential to cause chloracna In tba aanaitiva rabbit' aar tast in 1944, and again in 1957. She samples gave a
positive response Indicating that they had tba potential to
i. causa chloracna in nan. Sbssa samples would have bean
‘ contaninated with dioxin.

| 'It van not until aces of Dow'» own aaployees working am th4
( tricolorophanoi process davalopad chloracna in 1954 that Daw
: took steps to ranedy the situation. The sain reason far the
outbrsak of ahloraena was a ahange in tha triebloropbanol
: nsnufaeturing prooadura deaignad to incraasa production.
Zn 1945 Dov convened a secret nesting of tba various
manufacturer* of triohloropheeol -and tha 2,4,5-T herbicida
, nade fros it- to inform than about tba dioxin problem. Dow
' scientists explained that tba dioxin would be carried ovar
I tram tba tricblorophanol procsss iato tba finished 2,4,.$-9
' herbicida which was on sale. Daw was anxious to avoid
* chloracna occurring in members of tba public, fearing that if
' this happened, tba whole 2,4,5-9 industry would be hit and
! restrictiva legislation banning tbe herbicida, or severely
1 controlling it, would follow. Dow said that tha dioxin
t
: osntoniasfciaa of tha herbicide eliwdltl «*A mmtrtmml 1 jmx-L per
‘ million (ppm). Many 2,4,5-T fanulations on tha market in 1948
!. bad dioxin conoantrations exceeding this levai. Dow porotoswad
; 2,4,5-T acid from other manufacturara and ona batch of
100,000 lb from Maneante bed s dioxin level of between 3-7

I I 1 9

t
■h ppm ( according to an internal u n of 35 Fabruary 1155}. M r
vas concerned about tbo quality of the Monsanto product but
; allevad the 100,00C lb to ba used bacanas tba ehaaioal was
already 1» packages, and already in the pipeline.
8ca* 10 casas of chloraena are reported to have ooourrad At
Dear Canada in 196«. tba eases w r a .-at Fort Saskatchewan and
the: people involved sere anting Dovicides, possibly Dowieids
G.
Tbe seating of the sanufastavars remained an lstamal
■attar. And the serious eoneegoaneas of dioxin contamination
of 2 ,4,5-T did not be gout public knowledge until 1970. In
1959 the Bionetlcs Boaearch Laboratory report noting that
2,4,5-T caused waifcreations in rodents, vaa published. She
Collaring year it was suggested that tba teratogen capable of
causing these nalforastiona was dinarin. There bad bean no
reetrictioas on the sale of 2,4,5-T, nor any suggestions that
it posed a health risk, before this.
It is uy view, based on the docunant* Z have read, that Ode
had axple warning of the dangers of dioxin in its
trlcbloecpfcenol process, but did nothing about it until
1954/5. Oov bad received clear guidance free Boehrlngar in
1957 about the problem areas in the trichlorcpbanol proaesS.
It also knew ( as far bade as 1944 )that sample* free, tbe .
process could causa Qhleracne. The cause of the Boahringer
problaas was identified in 1957 and tba information openly
published. Oov also knav that ebloraona eight not ba the only
consequence of exposure to dioxin, but that internal injuries <
( particularly to tba liver} night also occur. German doctors
docueeated tbe consequences of dioxin exposure in paper»
published In 1957. Tbs earlier history of the a&lorinatad
nap&thalenes also indicated that ohlorsane eight be hat a
warning of other, internal, injuries.
fours sincerely
av
ñ
klssteir
Hay,Ph.O.
Senior Lecturer in
University of Leads.

oal Pathology

I

■
H\

■

CURRICULUM VITAE

Nam«:

Atasair W att MacIntyre Hay

DOB:

2 1 tt April 1947

Place of berth:

Gtaapow. Scotland

Nationality:

British

Degrees:

BSc (Hons), O w rm strr HA • London 1989
PhD. Biochemistry. London T973

wore Adores«:

Department of Clem hod Pedwh/vr
Old Medical School
University of Leeds
Leeds LS2 9NL
England

Present Appointment:
University Lecturer in Chemical
Pathology »nee Apr! 1979
(University of Leeds) Leeds.
England
Former Appointments:
Research Fellow •
Zoologies! Soc. of London
September T972 • Hq»emher 1B77
Research F tto w •
Umverst tv of Leedk
Nutrition
December 1977 • March 1979
Societies:

Biochemical Society
British Pharmacologreal Society
Association of CFnieal Biochtmiata
Bone and Tooth Society
British Toxicology Department

Merita) Status:

Msrried - wrf« - Wendy
On» mnn • Tnm - D.O.B. 7.1.80

Scholarships
19T 7 - Svieiilifrc Jo u rn a l N ature: T re r e tin p S oholerehip

Membership of IX Government Com nena«

ID

Meorcji & toxicology Panel. Ministry ot
Agriculture
Fisheries and Food. 1987 - date

ffl)

Advisory Comminaa on Recycling. Department
0^ Trad* and Industry Scot 1989-March 1990.

(«]

Working Croup on th*

n f Tnric

Chemicals
(WATCH) - Health and Safety Executive Sept
1989-dsta.

Irv)

Cofloauium for UK Members of the Ad-Hoe Group
of Scientific on Limit Value«. Health l
Safety Exocutnre June 1990-dan.

tv)

Working Group to R e*irw the Indicative
Criteria for Occupational Exposure lim its.
Health and Safety Executive. Doc 1990-Jan
1991.

PtfrrCymtirBSg
(vi)

Working Party on Health Effects of Hazardous
Waste.
British Medical Association. Dac 1989-Jan 1991.
Acpon nubUehod June 1991 ■ Hazardous W atte

and Human Health, Oxford University Press
i9 9 t.

PgfgTTttP
Invited to become Follow of Collegium Remezxini June 1991

£fiSSBBBQHU
Participant in World Health Organisation/intemationsl Agency for Research on
Cancer • Workshop on Health Risks of Exposure to Chlorinated Dibanzedioxins
and Chlornatad Dibeitzefurarv (January 1978).
Consultant to United States Enrironmen u l Protection Agency • on Health Risks
of rHnrinatwt Rtoxint - Cindnnetti July 1983.
Consultant to United States £»»■ mane» tal Protection Agency on Health Risks of
Chlorinated Dibenxofurans • Oncirmatt May t9 8 6 .
Other Consultane.««
(0

Expen witness for Royal Commission on the tree
and effects or Chemical Ayerna m i Australian
Personnel in Vietnam. Sydney, Australia July 1984.

(iil

Expert Witness on beharr of Vietnam Veterane
in Agent Orange lawsuit in New York
March/Aprii 1984.

(Hi)

Expert Witness on behalf of former Monsanto
employees m lawsuit against Monsanto Charleston (West Virginia, United States - July

tm
Grant Rmewrnc

II

National environmental Baaaareh CawneS

ii)

The Wellcome Trust

IHI

Oreenpaace ïnvliw inn-iii»! T m l

Jnumd Reviewing
i)

Nature

H)

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry

in)

Disasaars

ivi

O rtica) Sciane«

v)

British Journal efIndurata! Madicina

DoCaberation with indurai»» Companies
i)

Sterrino Wfaithrop. Inv s tigation of tha rota
of Dannai In tfw treatment o f Ostooporeeis 1B8B89.
£34.000 grant «ritti 0 PunSa.

iil

Upjohn. Investigation of tha «Hast of
Provai* rm Ron# Minneni Trimnvar. lURIMlO.
£24.000 piant with O P w d L

rii)

Scharme Haafth Caro: Invastipation ef rota of
oombtned o an ro p an /p vtiaM S iii on bona w n o n l
turnover. 1988-90.
C29.000 pram with D Pvrdta.

i»l

Schering I laallh Cara: 2 treat ¡ntreatiostion of
tha affieaey of a cowbinad oastrapan/propactapan
on treatment of osteoporosis. Dae 1991-Jun*
1993UU6.UUU pram vntn m>: J Unto.

Current ftaaearch Students

2 tuO-vroe PhD students.
li) Investigation of affect of haatnr m etal* on rnm unt
function Financed by Association of Commonwealth
Universities Oct 1989-Sapt 1992.
( ii) In v M tip atian o f th * offoc t o f t o m e o n

irrm unt function in H als. Financed by
Greenpeace Environments: Trust. Oct 1990-Sept
1993.

1 Part-time PhD student
The effect of myocardial infarction and anntactics
on the renal tubule. Oct 1984-date
Previous Research Students
2 awarded PhDs.
2 completed 3 year research period but failed to

ttrrii*I*»m rim*

3 Stvdvnts unden»Jdng r**«jreh projte t i for
Feliowshp) of Medical laboratory Sciences.
Raaeareh Grant Awards

Pirrnca
Leeds Westem Haetth Authorrty 3 rear 1982-5: MRC Studentship. 1986-89.

Current
Greenpeace Scientific Trust • Effect of Toxins
on immune function in wets.
£1 2,50 0 Oct 90-S«pt 91
£13,000 Oet 91-Sept 92
Collaborative project with Or S Evans.
GribenUan Foimditkxi
Pubfio Attitudes to Recycling
£7.000 • dec 1990

See afco- industrial collaboration.
Brant Applications submitted
Application to MAC for 3 year (£35,0001 grant to sat up a pharmacokinetic
model to predict methadone concentrations in piesma after a ample doae of the
drug, and to 'mvesbgaie the pharmacclopicaUp erchoiopical factors whleh may
contribute to aooicts reman ing addiciad to opians following treatment wrdi
methadone.

Other HetaonsW itie*
(i)

RasponsftilitY for Dwoanmental Toxicotopv
Service tor Leeds General Infirmary (since
September 19841.

<ii)

Member of Leeds District HeeRb Authority
Drugs Advisory Committee. 19B7-90.

liiii

Member Leads City Council Waste Research Group
Sept 89-

l.v)

Member L e m lt City C t n e K i A U n m y Committee
Reducing Hazardous Waste discharges from domestic
sources.

Invitaticns to Speak at International Conferanoes/Wnrtshopi
1

5th Parathyroid Conferm ot Oxford 1975. Paper presented:
Comparative Aspect* of Vitamin D transport.

2

2nd International Workshop on Calcified Tissues. Israel March 1986.
PlOOr oresemtd. ’A Possible role »nr viramin D m verrebrate rvokrbon'

3.

3rd Workshop on Vitamin 0 . Asdomar California 1977. Paper
presented. Evolution of vitamin D serum transport proteins*

4.

International Agency for Research on Canectr. Member of Working
Group to esseet the earcinogeniciCr of polychlorinated dibenxediomns &
dibensofurtnt. Lyons.Prance January 1978.

5.

3rd international Workshop on Calcified Tissues. Israel March 1988.
Paper presented: Vitamin D Metabolism in New World Primates'.

8.

Meetrh Effects of Heiogertstsd Aromatic hydrocarbons. Conrerance
Organised by New York Academy of Sciences May 1979. Papar
presented. 'Accidents in Trichtorophenoi plants: a need lor realistic
surveys to ascertain risks to health'.

7.

CHorineted Oioxrts and Related Compounds: Impact on the Environment.
Rome. October 1980 Piper presented 'Exposure to TCOO: the health
neks'

6

Human and Environmental Risks of Chlorinated Dioxins and Retoted
Compounds. Arlington. Virginia October 19B1. Member of panel tc
assess human epdemiology and to write the report on 'Human
Obsafvawns'.

9.

Symposium on the B ochm astry of Vitamin O Function Biochemical
Society London 1961- Paper h aiw u ed T h e role of iwembrane lipids in
the expression of vitamin D function in the intestine! mucosal caff*.

10.

Royal Society of Chemistry Symposhm on Chemistry end Society. Leeds
1981. Paper presented 'The eocial consequences of producing and tamo
the herbicide 2 .4 ,6 -T .

1 1.

Herbicides In War: The long-term Ecological and Human Consequences,
Hn Chi Minri Pity. Vietnam January m m . Paper pmaantari nn
'Experiments! Toxicology and Cyt ogenetics'.

17.

Urvted States Environmental Protection Agency. Member of Working
G roup to Produce ‘H ealth A aaaaam ent D ocum ent for PelycH erinow d
Diberuo-p-droxms’ Cincinnati. Juty 1983.

13

American Chemical Society Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins and
O iitix u lv iin t hi the Tula! 6iivh unmenu Washaiptutt D.C. August
1983. Paper presented 'The mutagenic properties of ¿ 3 .7 .8 Tetraehloridibeneo-o dioxin'.

14.

Royal Commission on the Use end ETfocts of Chemical Agent* on
Australian Peraonnei in Vietnam. Export testimony presented at 3-day
hearing in Sydney, AustraSa Jufy 1984.

15

Umiad States Environmental Protection Agency. Member of Working
Group to produce report 'Health Assessment Document for
Polychlorinated Oibenxofurans'. Chxpnnet), May 1986.

16

Royal Society of Chemistry Down land Lecture. University of Sussex.
November 1966. Paper presented 'Chemical Warfare in the 1980's: s
return to trenches'.

17

International Symposium on Chemical Warfare. Sorborme, Pari*.
January 1989. Paper presented on ' Toxicology of chemical warfare
agents*.

18.

International Conference of Cocoa Workers. Sponsored by Oxtam
Itie u t. Brasil May 1989. Peoer presented: 'Toxicology o f Pesticides
used in cocoa production'.

19.

Institution of Occupational Safety end Health, Seibv/Leods. October
1989, Paper presented: 'Exposure limits for worker protection: fact or
fiction.

20.

Science and the Total Cnvepnroem/Bnsish Councrt. Dundee April 1990.
Paper presented: ' A recent assessment of cocoa and pacbeidaa in Brazil:
■n unhealthy b H u f fo r (dsrrtatinn w o rk e r*'

21

United Natone Environmam Programme (UNEP). Member of small
working group to produoe report for UNEP Secretary General on
‘ Chemical W eap o n * end th * H um an Cmriroomwnt'. Geneva July 1 3 0 0 .

22.

5th International Enwrprwnin d impact Seminar: Environmental
Monitoring and Control. October 1990. organised by Industry and
Environment Associates. Paper praaantad: T oaiuHcgy In the Workplace
and Surrounding W ane Disposal Sites'.

23 .

United States Senate Forefri Relations Committer Invitation to present
anpert testimony at hitarnsuonsl Parliamentary Consultation Conference
on Kurdish Human Rights. W ashington D.C. Match 1991. Paper
presented: 'Chemical Warfare and the Kords'.

24.

Symposium : Science and the C h in n . Nuffield foundation. Manchester.
June I j t l . Paper pieeented: 'A Woriring Seiemiet'e Perspective*.

25.

International Workshop on Dioxin Standards, RaWgh, North Carolins.
Saotember 1991. Paper praaantad: ‘Exposure to dioxins in industry'.

AteV.
Piasemations/Poners to Nutrition Socaety/Encocrine Society/Bone & Tooth
Soc«ty/Association o f C M cal BMehenusts.
Seminars to Depts of O iem'« try/Biochemistry /Medicine at Universities of
Edmburgh/Heriot W att l2x)/Manehastar/Sassox/Bratfterd/Roval Hollo wav College
(Londonl/Kings Cclieg«
Seminars at Hope Hospital Manchester/Hiphiands Hospital, EnfieW/Pcntefrjct
Hosoitai-Pont#fractrt.aads infirmary/Trent Polytechnic Dost ol Chemistry
(2x>/Northern CoMage IBsmsIay).

E U B JC A T ia a

1)

7

3)

Alastair Hay. "The Qwoacat Scythe: Lessons of 2 ,4 ,5-T and d o o i'. 265pp.
N.Y. ¿London. Plenum Pros. August 1982. Reormted 1985. * *
a] *S o n Murphy. * Alesrair Hav and Steven Roes.
'No Fire, No Thunder*. The threat of chemical and biological warfare. * *
13509. London. Pluto Piece. February 1984.
b)

United Sanaa. Monthly Aannaw Press. New York. November 1984.

e)

Jaoanese translation -- The English Agency (Japan Ltd) August 1985.
re tw ilurat. Ataaeair Hoy, Mpet Dudley.
The Peadcld e Handbook. 388pp. London. Journeyman August 1991 * *

Riot-gf.B
aste
1.

Hay. A.W .M . Comparative aspects of vitamin D transport. Irt: Calcium
Regulating Hormones. The Proceedings of the 9th Parathyroid
Confer«nca. pp 409-407. Amsterdam. Esarpta Medtea (1975).

2.

*H«y, A.W .M . & Watson. G. Evolution of vitamin D strum transport
[retains in vitamin O: Biochemical, Chemical and Clinical Aspects related
tp Calcium Metabolism (Ed. by Norman. A.W . at el) pp 483-489. Berlin
end New York. W elter de Grtryter, [1977)

3.

*H ay, A .W .M .. Hesssm, A.G .. Crawford, M .A .. Stevens, P.A_ Mewcr,
The abiStv of 1a. 2B4l/hvdroxvchoiecaltifero to alter the
fatty sod composition of phosehogfyeeridea in rat intestinal mucosa and
smooth muscle h Vitamin 0 Basic Research and its Cfinieel Application
IEd-by Norman, A .W .. et lU . 1031-4 Baffin & New York. Walter de
Cruywr.<ig7g).
f .R. A Case. L.

4.

Halogeneted hydrocarbons. *Hay A .W .M . in 1981 EST Yearbook of
Science & Technology. McGraw-Hill pp 198-200.

5.

*H ey. A.W .M . Exposure to TCDD: the health risks in chlorinated dioxins
and related compounds. Impact on the Environment. Edit. byO.
Huwnper. *t al. pp 589-600. Oxford. Penmagon Press,119821.

6.

*H sy. A .W .M .. Mawer. E.B., Hassan. A .G .. Crawford. M .A. & Stevens.
P A . The role of essential fatty acids in vitamin 0 depend#« calcium
absorption in the imBStine/ Proc. of 5th vitamin D workshop. Vitamin 0 :
chemical biochemical wid «finical endocrinology of calcium metabolism.
PP 309-311 Bertn & N.Y. Wattar de Gruyter (1982}

7.

*Hav. si»v»»lr Fxnenmemal TOrocotoqv end CYtOoeneDCS' an overview
in Herbicides in W ar. the long term human and ecological consequences.
Ed. by A.H Westing, pp 181-166. London & Phitadeiphi«. Taylor &
Francis 1984.

8.

Cung. Birth Trurrg, Hay A.W .M . et al. Experimental toxicology and
cytogenetics: Symposium summary m l lerbid dc j n Wsr. the long term
human tnd ecological consequences. Ed. A .H. Westing pp 153-155.
London & Phriaoetprita. Tsytor 4 Pranas 1984.

i

9.

Hay, A listair, ‘Biolopiesi Weapons' in S d.Ttch. Report. Cunentnsuts
in Science * Technology. Edit, try John Turn*?, pp. 162-164. *o to
Prets. London & Sydney. (18B4>-

10.

Hay, Alastair. T allo w Rain' in Sa'.Ttch.fteoori. Current issues in
Science & Technology. Edrt. by John Turney. op. 164-166. London &
Sydney. Pluto Press. 1984.

11.

"Hay. Alastair. ‘The Mutagenic properties of 2 .3 .7 ,8-Tetra-chl orcberaop -d n x m ’ in ‘Chlorinated Dioxins and DAerauhirens in the Total
Environment - I f . Edit, by L.H. Keith. 6 . Choodhary l C Rappe.

butterwortn f'uensner* 1384. po-237-307.
12.

Huttn. R.P., Morgan, D.B.. Antonis. A .H .. Clegg, C .. Dodds. T ., Hay.
A .W .M .. Hohan, J ., Penney, M .. Schoreh, C J .r Shettawy. M . & D.P.
Srinivasan. The faieehemieai and nutritional stale of 1200 psiianta m a
mental hoaphaf. in Biological Psychiatry - Recant Stupes CEd. by G.D.
Burrows. T.R. Norman & K.P. Maguirel London John Libbey & Co Ltd..
00 240-252.(19851

13.

"Alastair Hay. Environmental Pollution. Review article tor B.8.CDotnetday Project November 1986.

14.

Hey, A. Chemical Warfare and the Kurds. A paper preeented et the
International Parftamemary Consortsbon Conferenoa on Kurdish human
rights. Washington DC 27 February 1991. (m press)

Fun Papers in Refereed Journals
1■

"Hay. A .W .M .. Sinclair. A J . & Ray, W .G. Seme useful techniques in
l'«ni ley«i olvuHMtuwap<>T Journal of Laboratory ryacboe 23. 403-404,
11974).

2.

"Hay, A .W .M . 8 Ray, W.G. A simple macrotome. Journal of Laboratory
Practice. ¿ £ . 3b n y roi.

3.

"Hay. A.W .M . & Watson, G. Binding of 2 5-hydroryvttamm D j to
plasma protein in New World monkeys. Nature 29B. 150 (1975).
«

4.

Hay. A M W. The transport of 25-hydro xychoieeateHerol in a New
World monkey. Biochemical Journal 1S1. 1 9 3 -1 9 6 (1 9 7 5 ).

5.

"Hay. A.W .M . & Watson, G. The plasma transport proteins of 25hyeroaycholacalciforol in mammals. Comparative Biochemistry and
Physiology. 5 3 B. 163-166 (1976).

6

"Hay. A.W .M . & Watson. G. The plasms transport protein of 25hydrprychoiecalciferoi in fish, emphibia, reptiles and birds. Comparative
Biochemistry and Physiology. 5 3 5 .1 8 7 -1 7 2 (1 9 7 6 ).

7.

"Hsy, A.W .M . & Watson. G. The binding of 25hydroxychpiecalciferoi and 2 5-hydrosvergocakJIool to tissue binding
proteins m a New World and an Old World primate. Comparative
Biochemistry and mystowgy. M B , 131-134 n s 7 7 ).

8

"Hay, A.W .M . & Watson. G. Vitamin D j in vertebrate evolution.
Comparative Biochemistry and PhysiologY. 56B. 374-380 (1977).

9.

*H ay, A.W .M . A Watson. G. Cndino prcoertie» of «arum vitamin D
transport proteins in vertebrates for 24R, 254iydroxvcho)eeateiferoi and
24S. 2 5 - h y t i r p x y c h o la c a lC T > w oi in vitro. Comparative taoenemtsny and
Physiology. 58a « 2 -*$ (1977}.

1G.

*Hav. A.W .M . & Jonas. G. The elution profile of vitamin D ; metabolites
v i Sepftadec LH20. CGnical Chemistry-25, 473-475 (1979}.

11.

’ Hay, A.W .M . A codons In tricHoco phenol plants: a need for realistic
uirveys ta aaon ain risk to health. Proceedings of the New York
Acadamy of Sciences. 320. 321-324 (1979).

12.

*H ay, A .W .M ., Hassarn, A.G .. Crawford. M A ., Stavent. P A ., Mawar.
E.M. and F. Suthartand Jonat. E»»emi»l fany add rwsuiction inhibits
vitamin 0 dependent cataum absorption. Lipids. ¿5, 251-4 (19S0).

13-

-Flem ing. J -, Cooper, EJ-I., Hay. A .W .M ., Morgan. D.B. A Parapia. (_

Tubuloprimniuii« at Cancer 0 >a«i>u |lia<apy. La fltecroa CBniea
LaOoratoira. If i, 135-141 (1980).
14.

- Fleming. J .J .. Child, J.A .. Cooper. E H ., Hay. A .W .M .. Morgan. D.B. &
Parapid. L. Ran« tubular carnage w ithout gtomcrutar damage a ll*'
cytotoxic dugs and amtnogiycoaida Biornedicina. 33. 251-254 (1980).

15.

« Christine Emery, Russell M. Young, D. Brian Morgan, Alastair W.M.
Hey, David Tete-Donkor A JBt Rubython. Tubular damage m patients
wtth hyookalaamia. Cinica Qemica Aeta 140. 231-238 (19841.

16

Shehawv. M „ Newton. H., 'H ay , A .. Morgan, D.B. A HuHin. R.P Tha
contribution of dietary vitamin D and sunlight to tha plasma 25-hydrory
vitamin 0 in tha aidtrly. Clinical Nutrition, Human Nutrition 38C, 191 194 (1984).

17.

-G illies. D.R.N.. Hay, A.. Shottewy. M. A P J . Corigdon. Effect of
phototherapy on olasma 25 (OH)- vitamin D in neonates. Biology of the

Neonate. £ £ , 2 2 5 -2 2 7 ( 19041 .
18.

Newton. H .M .V .. Shehawy, M .. *H ay. A .W .M . A D.B. Morgan. Tha
relations between vita mm D j. and D j in the diet and oiasma 25 O HDj
and 25 OHD3 m elderly women m Britain. American Journal Clinic«!
Nutrition 41, 760-764 (198SI.

19.

Hay. A. Cremi pon and the inw rpnrnent . Wiaros Imemational Jotm al
of the Cremation Society of Greet Britain. ¡ ¿ . 16-25 (1986)

20

-P rir* . D.F.. Mehta. A . Pak. B.K.. Hav. A. and M.P. Feeiy. Effect of
•ow-deat phenotaarbltone on 3 indices of hepatic microsomal anzyme * *
induction. British Journal of Cftmcal Pharmacology. Z Z - 744-747 (1986).

21

NedVpmi, S.. Faye. S., A.W.M. *Hsy Fsperienr» vrirtl the use Of the
Tcxi-Lsb TLC System m screening for morplsne/heroin abuse. Annals Of
Clinical Biochemistry. 24 . 211-212 (19871

22.

ftMiSue. D .. “ Hay, A ., Abba*. 5 . C H w o cf Penal an m w ral
homeostasis in normal postmangpauest '«woman. Journal of the Royal
Society of Medfene fifi, 681-2 (1987).

23.

Naaksm , S-, *H sy, A .W .M ., Peye. S. end P.J. Oungdon.
ThaophyWne and caffeine m neonates. Armais of C&nieal Biochemistry
25 . 408-4-10 (1988).

24.

»Putter, T ., f t rw e l. A J , woes, P.G.. Hay, A . 4 m . p . foety. use of a
pharmaeoiogrcar indicator to compare compBonce with tablets prescribed * *
to bo taken once, twica or throe Timas dotty. CJcncsl Pharmacology wid
Therapeutics. « 4 ,8 4 0 -8 4 8 (1 9 6 8 ).

25.

»W etff, K.. Sanderson. M. and Hay, A .W .M . A rapid horUontal nietfipd tor
detecting drugs of abuse. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 27- 482- * *
AAR 11M O ).

26.

»W o lff, K., Shanab, M A , Sanderson M. and Hay. A .W .M Screening for drugs
of abuse: The «fleet of heat betting urma for the safe handing * *
of samples fe rn Aide. OM oel Cbemletry 36f6) 908-91(1 (1990).

27.

W olff, K„ Sanderson. M .. H ay*, A. W .M *. 6 Ra«trick. 0 . Methadone
concentrations in plasna and thair ralatianahip to drug dosage. Crimea! * *
ClantRsuy 97 tt) 205-20» (1991).

2B.

»W o lff. K .. Hay. A. 6 Haistrit*. O.
Mothadena in Saliva. Clinical Chemistry 37(7) 1297-8 (1991)

29.

-W o lff. K .. Hay, A. & Rsfetriefc, D.
High dost methadone 6 the need for plasma drug measurement». * *
Oirrical Chemistry (Case Report) (in press)

30.

+ W olff, K... Hey, A *.. Raistriek, 0 .. Calvert, R. 6 Faahr. M. Measuring
compttance in mothadone maimerence patients: use of a ptarsmacoiogical
indicator to esemete mothadone plasma Meals. C M cal • •
Pharmacology & Therapeutics SQ. 199-207 (1991)

31 ■

- Uoyd, 0 ., s u > ,Uoyd. O .L .L , Uoyd. M .M ., WWieins F.LR .. McKenzie,
A. A A. Hay Torwritv *m r> Rarvwnrt ami Fat Cew Svndroma. or from
industrial ehemcals: tha value of epidemiological analysis for interpreting
eSmeopathoiogicai findings. The Science of The Total Environment JJJ&,
83-96 (19911.

32

Hay, A. A recent assessment of Cocoa and Pesticides in & aril: An
unhtalthy bland for Plantation Worksrs. The Science of the Total
Environment TOE. 97-109 (1891).

33

W olff. K.. Hay. A.W .M . and Rahrtrick. J. Plasma methadone
measurement and thew role in methadone detoxification programmes.
Clinical Chemistry (in press).

34

»Purdie, D .. Hay. A. & Everett. M . Ellacts of SHO 3861. on mineral
metabolism in trie human menoosuee. Maturitas (in press).

Etfitoriafa. Ccnfmance Reports. Reviews in Scientific Journals

1.

M » V . A.W .M .

2.

Hay. A.W .M . Combatting rickets. Nature 27 0, 2B9 (1977).

3.

Hay, A.W .M . Tatrachtorodibera p-p-diosm ralaaae at Seveso. Disaster«
1(43. 289-308 (19771.

4.

Hay. A.W .M . KAmtifying carcinógena. Nature, 2 £ £ , 468-470 (1977)

5.

Hay, A.W .M . Halogwtatad Hydrocarbon Effects. Natura. 274. 533-534
(1978).

6.

Hay. Alastarr. Dioxin workshop- Natura. 276. 3 0 4 (19783-

7.

Hay, Alastair. Saraso: No answers yet. Disasters,

8.

Hay, A. ComtSnatías of vitamin 0 metaboism still increasing. Nature.
278. 509-510 11979).

9

Hay.

30

Hay. Alaatair. Dioxin and 2 ,4 ,5 ,-T: what ara the risica? Natura. 284.
i l l (1980).

11.

Hay, Alastair. New pathways for chlorinated dioxins. Natura. 2 9 4 .
514-515 (1981).

12.

Hay. Alastair. Vitamin D: sunlight and precursors. Nature. 29 7, 364
(1982).

13

Hay. A. It kkts weeks. DUt what about M vuvi*' New Scientist. 23- No1314 pp 158-181 (1982).

14.

Hay. A ., Murphy, S.. Robinson. J.P. 4 Rom . S. The poison cloud
hanging over Europe. New Scientist 9 3 . No.lZSB on. 63P-63S (1982).

15

Hay, Atestair. At war with ehermsoy. New S ew n »! 101. 12-18
(1RR4).

16.

A lest»» Hay. How the chemical industry could cha in up its act. New
Scientist 12 February 1987. vol 113. p. 63-64.

17.

Alastair Hay. Hcrw to idemily a carcinogen. Nature 3 3 2 . 782-7B3
(19881.

18

AWsleii FUy. Recycling m Waste» Management. Vol.
11990).

19.

Alastair Hay. Testmg Time lor The tests. Nature 350, 555-556 (1991).

Vitamin 0 at A llom ar. Reoort of 3rd workshop on
Vitamin D. Nature 2S & 17-18 (19773.

183-168 11978)

A lattar. Skin toxicology. Natura. 27 9. 37 5 (1979)

(2) 13(1-137

Pamphlet»/Rao om
1

-Robinson. J.P., Murphy. S.. Hay. A .W .M ., & Rosa. S. The threat of
chermcel weapons. Spokesman Pamphltt. 38po (1982)

2.

» Alartarr H»y i Geoff Wnptrt. Ona is not enough. The Casa for
recycling Frienrtx of the Earth. 48op (19831.

3

«Jane Forshaw. A ta u ir Hey k Geoff W rip h x.
Fashionable W an t: The Matca-vo o f a Raeydor.
Savt W ane and Prosper. Leeds. 46pp (1990)-

4.

-W esiino , A, E n . E .A , G oM H at J
. Hay. A .W .M . «; ut
Chemical Waasona and tfw Human Eneirutenent. Rttjort to the Sacratary
G erm a)of the UNEneaonman t Programma. July 1990 im press).

Scientific Abstracts and t e t f » le Jaumata
32
Other Scientific Artidea/Booli Reeiews
111 contributions, principally to Nature.
Radio/Tclevnion Scrinty
7

crrinta written bv me for piogrsinnics I presented.

USTOPPUBUCATTOWS
Book!
D

Ataanir Hav. T h * Chemical Sevthe: Lessons of 2,4 .5 -T and d cxin '. Pieman Prus
London. 265pp. Published August 1382- Rapm ta c tie s .

N Y. &

2a)

*S«cn Murphy. *Aiastair Hay and Steven Ro m .
'No H r*. No Thunder'. Th« throat of ehwnical and biotapical warfare. Pluto Pros i. London
135pp. Published February 1984.

b)

Unhad S ta tu . Publisher* - Monthly Review P rau. New Press. Now York. November 1984.

c)

Japanese translation - Putfishcr • Tho Eng&xh Agancy (Japan Ltd) August I9 ttb .

31

- Peter Hirst. A lu tair Hay. Nigel Dud)ay.
U «^ We Spray: A Pesticide Hondbeek. Pfcno Press (1991) at Draw

pnmohllts/Roports
1

Robineon. J.K., Murprty, S., Hoy. A .W .M ., A Roes, 5. Tho threat of Chemical weapons
Spokesman Pamphlet, 38pp (19821

2.

Alastair Hay & Gooff Wright. One is not enough. The Case for recycling. Friends of the Earth
46pp (19891.

>3.

Jane Forshaw, Alastair Hay & Geoff Wright.
Fochionabte Waste: The Mafce up of a Reorder.
Save Waste and Prosper. Leeds. 46pp (1990).

«4.

Westing. A. Ezz. E.A., GoMbtat. J. Hay. A.W .M . et al.
Chemical Weaoon* and tha Human Environment. Report to the Oec u tary General of the UN
Environment Programme. July 1990 (in press!.

Scientific Abstracts and Letters to JoumHs
1.

«-Sinclair. A .J.. Fiennes, R .N.T.W ., Hay. A .W .M ., Watson. G., Crawford. M .A., & Hart, m .G.
Lino)emc acid deprivation in Capuchin monkeys. Proe.Nutr.Se.. 3 2 , 49A (1974).

2.

Hay, A.W .M . Ine transport uf vitamin D in tho Giant Pends, Trana.ZpnLSoe.lpnd.140 (1976).

3.

Hev. A.W .M . Vitamin D transport m vertebrate*. Proc-Anat Soc J A n a t. )2 2 . 195 (19781

4.

Hay, A.W .M . A possible role for vitamin D in ventbrate evolution. Pros, of the 2nd (nttrrnsttonal
Workshop on Calcified T * * u * i. (Abstract). IsrJ.M ad.Sci. 12, 31-32 (1976).

5

Hay, A.W .M . Vitamin D j metabolism in New World primates. P r u t, uf the 3rd Imemationel
Workshop on Calcified Tissues, tsrael 6-9th March 1978.

0-

*H *v. A .W .M .. Oeriino. M . h Watson. G. Rickets and vitamin 0 metabolism m primates.
Proc.Nutr.Soe. 27 . 42A (19781

7.

Hsy, Alastair. Vitamin A assay m UNICEF.

8

«Rivers. J.P.W .. Frenkel. TL-L Junta. S & Hay. A.W .M . Vitamin D in the nutrition or tne Cat.
Proc.Nutr.Soc. 2 fl. 36A (1979).

5.

-C are. A .D .. n o u rd . D.W ., R vu . R.. Hay. A .W .M ., Garvi .I.M . k Redel. J. A comparison of
the effects of 25.26- dhydorxycholecal - ciferpl (2S.2S-DHCC) and 24,25-DHCC on calcitoien
secretion rate in vitamin D depleted pigs. J Endocrinology fi5 (2), 54 -55 (1980).

10 .

*Hav, A .M .W .. Mswer. c.B., Hassam. A.G .. Crswiurd, M A . A P.A. Stewart, Intestinal, 1,25dthvdrexychoiecalciferoi-dependent adoum absorption inhibited by essential fatly acid
restriction. Proceedings of Nutri.Soc. 2SL 89A. (1980).

139*

Foodmix Disasters. 2 , 82*84 II9 7 B ). (Letter).

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a p p a r a n t i/ v a ry v a l i re c e lT a d . I f 70 u r a g u lr a any f u r tn a r In i < r > j l t i .
pi*««« l a t ua kiwv and va « rtll t r y to h a lp you o u t.
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f o l l o w i n g is a t r a n s c r i p t o f D o c u m e n t
Power Affidavit of Documents

# 2484-2485,

from

the

r

92.

Naugatuck C h e m i c a l s
Division o f D o m i n i o n
to:

Letter

Attention:
Operations

Rubber

Company

Limited

(The New Brunswick Electric Power Commission)
Fredericton, New Brunswick.
Mr.

P.C.

Levesque,

Superintendent

of

District

Gentlemen:

Thank you for your letter of June 2 0 t h ------------- the use
of brush control Herbicides.
In your letter you ask for information — of materials t o ---when preparing ten gallon quantities of spray solution with oil as
a carrier.
This will depend to a ----ester (?) --- coverage that
you can obtain from the nozzle with(out) ---- ---- equipped.
I
believe we mentioned in an earlier letter (that the) Shawinigan
Water

&

Power,

when

using

waste

transformer

oil

were

able

to

-----

coverage with 10 gallons per acre of brush. However, when ------------ of fuel oil, the same nozzle applied — ----- gallons of oil
mixture per acre of brush.
We would suggest that you first (determine) ----- large an
area can be covered with — gallons of oil, for determining how
many gallons would be required for (an acre).
(When this)
determination has been made, you would then be able to (tell) ------ to mix in the quantity of oil to cover one acre, ---recommendation of ---- 1 / 2 to 1 gallon of (transformer) will find
t h a t --- ----- quantity of o i l ----- ---- and that you will have to
(add) from 1 quart to two quarts ---- 10 gallon amount of oil.
With regard to the (waste transformer) ---- experimental
quantity, we should (point) out (that) ------ oil and therefore can
be tested only in a water (carrier).
You mention that your water ------ of chemical to 10 gallons
of water, and that a -- ----(1 0 ) gallons of the solution is
applied to an acre and that ---- apply one gallon of brush - bane
to the acre.
In a ------- of carrier does not have too much
influence on the resulting ------ and the important factor is the
amount of 2,4-D or 2,4,5-T ---- two that is applied over a certain
area, since the water, or the ------- matter is simply a carrying
agent to aid in dispersing the ----- evenly over the area.
Where
the foliage is dense, naturally (you would be) --- required to

lOb

Naugatuck Chemicals

Continued

June 29, 1951

assure proper wetting and penetration into the a
,
brush being sprayed. When using a water sorav in l ?
--brush fit is) usually necessarv tn omr o « P *ay on 8 to 10 fo°t tall
of water to adequately cover S»e a c i e ^ f ^ u S h 10S t 0 1 5 0 gallons
is possible to cover one acre ____
f «rush, when using oil it

Page 2
--- with
--- particles
(drums or dump) of brush.
(certain)

(Yours very truly,)
NAUGATUCK CHEMICALS

(James A. Cruickshank)
(Sales Manager - Agricultural Chemicals
Eastern Division)
Jam. A. Cruickshank/dgh

The above was deciphered by Alastair Hay 16th August 1992.

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L u n g o I N M t U L A N D CRI

^ 0

6 3 ®^

OCT 3 0 1980

BHSSH Affi) VKED C0HT3QL OH BATLROAD RIQH33 OP VA?
BT USX QP 2, 4-0 AHD 2, 4, 5- f

PAJPH8 ESSSSHTSD BHFQBB THS TORONTO RAJLMAJ CLUB
Tastano, caxad a

1

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J a m ir y

26, 1953.

H l U a r d L. 3aLth

Zb» Dow Chaed.csl Ccnpany
IHdCUnd, M ichigan

DOVI i m»2«8r,

v,

cnoH

have bta used on the ballast section for weed
god grass control far about 40 years in the IT.3. and Canada.
4 iarg* porcontags of tbs ehenloals that ha's« boon used far this
purpose have boon applied with on-trade equipment, either by

cc

the railroads themselves or by the companies In the business of
rendering weed control service to the railroads.
Two selective herbicides* 2*4-0 and 2,4*5-T have been
used for brush and weed control an rights of way far several

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years. It Is this phase of vegetation control which the
speakar will dlsenaa with yon this evening.
SELSCTP75 nhrtnTCIIn53 TWB) FOR USD COIRSOL II
AT^ao PRQ7B TO BE ÜSgPPL POR f f ig FlTTHQADS

*flnr.TnntT. CROPS

It has been knoen fer abent 15 years that sene arganlo
Chemicala aet aa plant growth regolants. Kore reeeatly lt was
foand that m m of tbese ccnpouads produoed netahollc
dlsturbanees ln eoae klnda of weeda whleh oanaed the» to die.
Bsrller werte was oentered sround herbaeeooa weed eontrol. An
early puhU short artlole cn the use of 2*4 Pichlorcphenogyacetlo
Aeld (2*4-0) appeared ln aa Angast 1944 lasse of "Solange.*

1/3

Tkrlcua resssroh groups found that 2,4-4) oould be used
fas* on11t r o llin g braedlesved mods In «heat, oatm, rye, barley,
sswt tine It «as found that 2,4-2) would also control eartaln
iroo^y plants or brash. various famulatlans of 2,4-0 «ere used
for brush control an utility rights of «ay In 1945-1946.
Observations of the results of brush control «1 th 2,4-0 showed

DOW 1 002088

eesn* flax and certain other agricultural crops. About this

sens woody plants war« net controlled. Another selective
hsrblolde, 2,4,5-Criahlcrophanoayaoatlc Acid (2,4,5-T) «as
found to control sons of the 2,4-0 resistant woody plants.
fh-«-« herblslds was used on a nail scale In 1947 and on a
Halted ur— w r r l s l basis In 1948. Thrlous fansulatlans
containing adxtures of 2,4-0 and 2,4,5-? were used for brush
control In 1947-1948. la 1949 fle— asralal prsperatlona were an
the aertarfc containing mixtures of 2,4-0 and 2,4,5-f far brush
control an rights of wey.
The ipester has followed the use of 2,4-0 end 2,4,5-?
on railroad rights of wey since 1947- Bae first work was dene
with knapsack sprayers an e'— ell scale In 1947» Xn 1948 the
Delaware, Lanka— tips.* Astern and the Seaboard Air Line
RaH roads used sons cn-traolc spray exjulpment for spraying
brush. Itaring the 1949 s— son sore roads wanted to try out
this new nsthod of brush and weed control. About this saw time
various Canartlan Railroad groups started testing programs of

irt

vsrfclfis ia cooperation with the Canadian Batlcml Railroad
ppiarmnsl xsud «-track equipment for spraying brush sad mads
on rights af W .

rasulta of this spraying la 1951 sere

so aaecursgiag that a rather extensive program «as p ^»tw^
carried eat la 1952; also tha

Pacific Railroad

carried eat extensile tests Is aldsly separated areas In 1 9 5 2 .
Purins 1952 acre than 25 dlffsrant roads in ttaa V. 3. had
rathsr extensive brash control progress with 2,4-© sal 2,4,5-?.

DOW 1 002080

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It Is anticipated that thara «111 be a ccoalderable increasein
tbs usa of 2,4-© sad 2,4,5-« by the railroads In

^

ÏÏ.3. la 1953.
unamixHT OP &4U&OTB HEHBICXDZ3 - 2,4-p ASP 2.4.5-T
la tbs manufacture of 2,4-S and 2.4,5^t
ere: bewseice, phenol. tetracfalcrohenseris, 2,4-Blahlcrophsnol,
chlorine m ad mano-eblcaroscetle eeld.
Za arder to use the» herbicides tbs adds of 2,4-© and
2,4,5-T moat bo raaotod further to font salts (sodium, sains)
sad asters (aethyl, ethyl, iso-propyl, butyl, «yl, iso-octyl,
propyls» glyeol butyl ether, sts.). Early uerk by various
investigators ihewd the esters of 2,4-© and 2,4,5-T to bo
aero effective than the salts for brush control.
The foilcaring asters of 2,4-© and 2,4,5-T are considered
to bo highly volatilei methyl, ethyl, lso-propyl, butyl and
«■yl (pentyl). Lear -volatile esters, such ss the propyle» glycol

lié

butyl etbsr u t c n hav» bMB on the anrkst since 1950. In
to tbs lew volatility, the effectiveness of the asters
does not nssesssrlly assn high effectiveness.
low la volatility sad yet sre low

Scam esters are

activity. Storage

characteristics of the farsolatlon oust also be considered in
snd northern United States.

DOW 1 <102090

on woody vegetation Is of utaoet Inpartaac*. Low volatility

HOW 2.4—P /UP 2.4,5-T CtafTROLS WOODY PUDTO
2,4-1} sad 2,4,5-Y kill by upsetting nornal plsat netabollns
snd plant growth prowesses. Speed of aetlon varies with the
physiological eoadltlos of the plant sad also with the rate of
growth aw Influenced by esrlrcasent.
When applied to foliage these oenpooada penetrate the
easy covering of the leaves sad reach living cells sod are
then translocated through the conductive tisane associated with
carbohydrates. Best nervenent oeeers whan leaves are aanufacturlng ■Tpeeoei of carbohydrates which are being nerved downward to
stans sad roots.
then applied to bark as la basal or stuaqp treatment west
of the n r — at is, es a solution In tbs oil carrier, downward
to the green lands. That Is why it Is important In basal sad
sttnqp frrset— nt to apply the ehwalml la a liberal voluae of
oil.

(I (p

tr.^ 2,$-D ar * mixture of 2,4-D - 2,4,5-T Tor basal bark
jpj^ying. Basal bsxk spraying has been dons tbs year around.

reported, Sane woody plants that ar» fairly resistant
to foliage sprays ar» tssj susceptible to a basal spray.

of this ar» red and sugar aapls. A basal spray
«1 th oil does sot land itself to cn-tredc equipment. Tbs
spray say b» applied with a knapsack or off-trade power equip-

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disagreement as to tha bast tlss to apply a basal spray

fiuosoo

3^

»ent. Basal bark treatment is an aid la spraying la areas
of sensitise crops. Spraying can be done after tbs crop baa

C.

Stamp TrsaXaant

Tall brush or brush la areas of sansitlr» crops say
be cafe and the stops trusted at ths tlaa of cutting. 2,4,5-T
generally speaking glues better results than a ■*»*•11««» of 2,4-& and
2,4,5-T or 2,4-0 alone. Oil Is used as a carrier and tha spray
■ay be applied alth a Vnapsank sprayer or off-trade power
equipment. The bask and any exposed roots are thoroughly »et
I

with ths spray. An ell soluble dye nay be used as a Barker.
Thorough coverage nod adequate uolosa la of utaaoet laportanca.
This asthod of brush control can b» used any tlaa of tha year,
but does not lsnd itself to on-tradc equipment,
HAMLllg AMP SWUTDP 2.4-P AHD 2.4.5-T FOMDIATIOMS
As ordinarily handled, these products are not likely to

w w n M OF BRP3H CmfTHOL VHH 2,4-P AND 2.4.5-T

fills aethod of brush control is dons daring ths gtfwring
,,,—

«ni Is by far ttm aost wldaly used by the railroads*

telephone* power* pipeline* roadside sad — rloos other groups,
— ter Is used as e earrler of the esters of 2*4-D sad 2*4*5-T.
Spraying esa be done after the leaves ef the woody vegetation

IG02UÜ l P Q

i, Fallas» «ad St— 3praying

are fully expended until a few weeks before frost. In southern
Ontario this period Is usually shoot Jone 1 to Aii0 ist 15*
Bie spraying period 1& other perts ef Canada will depend upon
the length of growing seeeon and east be considered «en working
out a. brush spraying program,

k foliage and at—

spray not only

controls tbs woody vegetation but also controls tbs broadlcaved
weeds end Tin— on the rights of wey. fias selective herbicides*
2.4-0 and 2#4*5-T do not kill established grasses
wban usad In
N
re—

andad cenesntretlons. fiáis leaves the grasses cn the

right of wey to present erosion. Foliage and st— spraying
lands Itself wary well to cn-treek spray eqolpnant.
B. Basal Bark Spraying
fills — thod ef brush control involves spraying uncut
standing br— h using ell (#2 fuel atr diesel) as a carrier of the
herbId dea, fias brash Is epraywd fr— the ground line to a
height of 12 - 15 Instase. Baorough watting st the ground line*
— «lately endrellng the woody plant* Is of ut—

t Importance.

Best results srw obtained an brash that has a dla— ter of two
inches or aerw. Oanarslly speaking 2*4*

111

s'

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Is tarn « m o w IHoly to bo Inhaled,

1

maestlcn of harwfal amouata 1* sot likely
During the

years there bne been nuMroui report«

of injury or death of livestock end wildlife supposedly frm
•sting crops, meds, end woody plants treated with 2,4-d and
2,4,5-*.
It a recent weed meting in Bee York City, a. B. Fertig,
Department Agnxscmy - Cornell Ttaiversity, Ztfasea, Mew York, has
tte following to eey on this subject*

poi

ff

field

^

of pxeeestly ,mi*^

herbicides esrketed as non-poisonous» 1 1 1 cases of
herblflldal poisoning of livestock and wildlife that
have bean definitely diagnosed have been nansart by
one of the feilcwlngi (1 ) lead, (2 ) areenle, (3 )
rbardware disease*, (4) poisonous plants, (5) old
age, (6) parasites, (7 ) dromlng, (8) poor
■ertemsnshlp ('hot* lead), (9) contaminated feed or
(20) Injection or oral rtnwege of acme mdi wins or
drug, Ih all easee ^ileh bave been carefully
surveyed, even though tht

been

associated with the trouble. It baa in no case
been directly or Indirectly related to the ieethe

DOW l 002093

1

Br9 oot absorbed through the «kin to soy appreciable extent.

OH-TRACT BQinPHSHI TOR APPLUUO 2 ,4 - 0 AKD 2 ,4 * 5 -T AS A FQL1AOS
A)» 3TOt SPSAT

very sell to en-trsek eqoipnent» It sill be dlseassed mar*
folly«

Resalts obtained using these selective herbicides sre

dependent open several factors« one of the aost laqportsat of
shieh Is proper application equipment. Since 1948 practically

DOW \ 0 0 2 0ÍM

v*™«» this Method of brash sad «*d control lends Itself

all the servlee companies and sens of the railroads have
designed ■miipeanrt for applying these products to the right of

apply the spray, The spray Is applied at a speed variation of
6 to 12 alias per hour«

In sene instances» an entire 200

foot right of say (osaally the ballast section is not sprayed)
nay be sprayed la one operation. This represents about 20
seres per alls of track* Orchard type guns» fire sad off*
center nozzles sre usually used In applying the ehanleal« By
using larga orifices and relatively Ion pressures (50 - 150 pel)
the spray is literally rained on the vegetation at voluaes often
sms siting 200 gallons per seres» depending upon the height and
density of vegetation» the proper application equlpnent and the
esperienee of the

selling

»ppi <

,

STRAY CCBWCgHBAgini AJO ¥HAT TO &1FBÜT Iff HZSÜLTS QBTAJHHP

/ ao

2«4,5-9 Add t^lTñlssab) per 100 - 150 gallons of «ter. Host
spade* of brush,sad weds can bo controlled with

alitare.

of tha leaves sod stoats. One application per season is
sufficient to conferai brush, A lenmrt application say be
oeoasoozy the »sonni ar third Tear,, depending upon the degree
of eontrei obtained the first yeer. Don't expect to get 100%
kill the first year» She degree of control sill depend upon
■say factors aaefa asj species af woody plants pressât» Moisture
conditions ef Idas soil sell type» root «yeten of the brush»
■sthod ef spp33cation, coverage obtained» eta, Generally
■peeking one good fallaga spray sill conferei 60% fen 90% of
the woody vegetati« as wwll ss a large paxwantage of tha weed«
présent* fits aneant af root kill Is lass than top kill or
redaction la the uuober of steam present. However» It whould
be painted cut that even though top kill asy net be obtained»
there la very little growth of the brush the first or even the
second ©-owing gaserai after spraying. Soon af tha oaks behave
In this eenaar.
s e n w M ia o r n i n
c q g HCfc___________

o r 2»4- d a s

2»4,5-t i q r b s o s e ahd « ed

nere than 350% between 1933 and 1950. This *t »^'<** why it costa
ae aaaah to out a alle af railroad right ef way today. Cutting

DOW 1 00209

A sufficient — ount of spray la applied to give thorough wetting

bruah by bnd or a»ebanieoi aathoda la llks a a n gattlag a ha±r
cut; It ha* lo be deca agaln In a short parlod af tino. Cntrtek eqalpaest TT° 4

"" cf 2,4-D and 2,4,5-* far bruah and

wad control esn ha arenari 1ahed al a sevlng af 40 to So£ an
lahour. One pieoa af prcperly deslgned spray equipaeixt can
spray 30 sllea or aera por day. If a eidth. af 40 feet la
sprayed an eseh side of thè ballast seetlcn, tdals i— ens that
300 acre* af bruah and «eeds are sprayed per day» It eould talea

DOVI 1002006

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aasy day* far a — etica gang to cut thè sane 30 allea of bruah»
centro! an telephaae and poaar line rlghta af s ^ In

and

TTnlted States. *be eoat af sprsyìng broah by thla aathod la

1

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brolcan don lzxto aboot ma thlrd far ahealeal and tao-thlxds
25 to 6o£. Sta ooat of ualng an-tradc eqnlpaeot far bruah

1

centrai la b m lean dosa luto me thlrrt far

cast and

two-thlrda far nhastlmi ooat ahiah la Just apposite that far

1

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I
R
R

*
R

j^

C H i.' ! I C A L

M-

(TI!

Ji

Ifl’iu . i.

JHTftODUhTKH:
I n r e c o n t youra rainy l u r r e u t i l i t i e s both i n Canada
and t h e U n i t e d s t a t e s , as w e l l as f a r o f f A u s t r a l i a , have
e x p e r i m e n t e d w i t h c e r t a i n t y p e s o f c h o a i c a l s which c u r t a i l
and e r a d i c a t e a l l o r mo6t t yp es o f woody growth (ound on
transmission l i n e r i g h t s - o f - w a y ,
Most o f thn u t i l i t i e s
found t h a t by uae o f t h i n c h n n l c a l t r e a t n o n t t h e y c o u l d ,
o v e r a p e r i o d o f a few y e a r s , a l mo s t c o m p l e t e l y stamp out
a l l woody g rowt h on t h e i r r i r h t e - o f - w a y .

l
i

i

' Jiv\

The c h e m i c a l aa apposed t o m e c h a n i c a l s k i r t i n g or
c u t t i n g k i l l s t h e t r e e s , p l a n t s and bushes t o and i n c l u d i n g
t h e r o o t s , t h u s t h e r e i s no r e g r o w t h .
T h i s means t h a t the
r i g h t - o f - w a y does n o t have t o be p e r i o d i c a l l y r e s k i r t e d .

¡tei!
.,

m

fili;-::

On t h e b a s i s o f t h e above i n f o r m a t i o n t h e Coenl sst on
c a r r i e d o u t an e x p e r i m e n t a l programme o f t h e i r own d u r i n g
t h e 1 s t « s p r i n g , summer and e a r l y f a l l o f 1950 and 1951. A
5?«• * R e s u l t s o b t a i n e d were e n c o u r a g i n g and t h e Commission has '•
••3n!J‘f•
now embarked on a s m a l l s c a l e s p r a y i n g programme.

■j-ya

y lf>
Avy
V'
fov!.■jy-M. :'PBOOPORSt

i f .

Grew Complement;
a* follows i

An a v e r a g e crew ahoul d be made up

1 - Foreman
1 - Truck d r i v e r
3 - U t i l i t y men ( M i x e r s , r e l i e f s p r a y e r s , w a t e r
carriers)
6 - Spr ay- men
The Foreman and t r u c k d r i v e r a houl d be tempor ar y o r
permanent Cocas i c s i o n e mp l o y e e s .
The o t h e r men a m t o be
casual or l o c a l l a b o r .

m u

Wu,"

m

7 • k n a p s a c k ^ p r e s s u r e t a n k t y p e a p r a y e r t w i t h brasa
o r c op per t a n k a . ( Moat s u i t a b l e o f t h e t y p e s t r i e d t o d a t e
turboan tba Dobbins S p r a y e r ) .

^
iompply of rubber replacement parts for these sprsyere
ebe«14 |pe tarried as well as one or two spraying wands and
raVdlff type »nsslss iad a «oaslderablf Xaif^h,t|f rubbdirM^
«bbs

[TOrf* •• * ••

•

- .-ft

” *■•r»""«w tn K ELECTRIC ROWER COMMISSION

/D 3

1 - L i r r * H*l v n u jia .l
p r e p a r i n g 11"* mi * ) «
6 - 5

ivtrii i 'v c m

giil I o n c e n t a l n r r a

(for

I t u lm us«!.I ft r

c • r*i- y Lin: w.,t v r t r

o il).

4 - Wat er b u c k e t s .
3 to 4 -

45 g a l l o n drums,

6 -

Single

2 -

Large f u n n e l s .

1 -

50' m e t a l l i c

LOO t o 5 0 0 '

bitted

-

axes

w ith taps.

(for

cutting

l ar ge t r e e s ) .

tape.

Aluminum t i e

1 -

Lar ge thermos j u g .

1 - 1

p i n t meusur e.

w ire.

SpRAHUG MATERIALS:

St;

2 .4 D
2 . 4 - D / 2 , 4 , 5- T
Aamate

liq u id
liq u id
powder

-

5 g a l l o n cans
5 g a l l o n cans
25 l b . packages

2 .4 D i T o be used f o r nor mal growth e x c l u d i n g t he
f o l l o w i n g s p e c i e s - a l l e v e r g r e e n s , maple and soae bramble«»
2.4evergreens,

D / 2 , 4 , 5 - 7 1 To be used where l a r g e number o f
mapl e o r b r a mb l e s a r e e n c o u n t e r e d .

Annat e: To be used
any n ewl y c ut stumps.

for tre a tin g

( i n t he powdered f o r a )

tiiim
One p l n t o f 2 , 4 - D t o 10 g a l l o n s o f w a t e r .
One p l n t o f 2 , 4 - D / 2 , 4 , 5 - T t o 10 g a l l o n s o f wat er »
Annate used d r y o r 1 / 4 l b . t o 1 g a l l o n w a t e r .

?•

One p l n t o f 2 , 4 - D t o 10 g a l l o n s o f st ove or f u e l o l l .
One p l n t o f 2 , 4 - D / 2 , 4 , 5 - T t o 10 g s l l o n s o f s t o v e o r

fu e l o i l .
Affisate n o t s o l u b l e

in o i l .

■Ï
Ï.<i
\Y
i.■■
J'

Vii*.•

«wffsvwmg.
•v-2i ,7»' - *-

*1

ciifMAk i^UlîTILü ^UTKÜJ»

/

attar

Permissible to
rain.

s p r a y r e a s o n a b l y dr y growth on* hour

Chemical w i l l be e f f e c t i v e on i l l growth sprayed one
hour p r i o r t o r a i n f a l l .
A l l growt h not sprayed one hour
p r i o r t o r a i n f a l l must be r e a p r a y e d .

tfATEB Ah’D OIL HIXS3t
Any r e a s o n a b l y c l e a r w a t e r may be used I n p r u p a r i n g
t h e a Lx.
I f d i r t y w a t e r l a used It- w i l l be fouuJ t o el og
t h e n o t s l e e and o t h e r p n r t a o f t h e » p r a y e r .
I f w a t e r 1»
not a v a i l a b l e on t h e r i g h t - o f - w a y i t may be t r u c k e d t o t he
n e a r e s t spot a c c e s s i b l e ! t o t m i r i g h t - o f - w a y I n ¡ .\ . ' a l l o n
drums and c a r r i e d t o t h e m i < i n g p o i n t i n t h e *> r . i l l o n
containers.
I f a s t o u t s t i c k l a a v a i l a b l e t he $ g a l l o n
c o n t a i n e r s can he huriij from t he s t i c k and w i t h t he ends
o f t h e s t i c k c u r r i e d on t h e s h o u l d e r s o f two sen t h e w n t er
can e a s i l y be c a r r i e d o v e r rough t e r r a i n .
I f i t i s n o t f e l t t o he e c o n o a i c e l t o t r a n s p o r t w a t e r
t o t h e s i z i n g p o i n t o i l soy bo used I n t he s i x .
A greater
c o r e r a g e can be o b t a i n e d w i t h a s m a l l e r amount o f n t l t han
can be o b t a i n e d w i t h w a t e r , u s i n g t h e same amount o f chemi cal
Usi ng w a t e r c o v e r a g e c-m u s u a l l y (depend!nr. on d e n s i t y o f
g r ow t h ) be o b t a i n e d w i t h 7 p i n t s o f t h e e h o m i c a l ,
with o i l
t he same c o v e r a r e can be o b t a i n e d uol ng L p i n t » o f the
chemical.
For g e n e r a l use liowevt-r t he cost o f t he u l l is
prohibitive.
Any t y p e o f l i g h t o i l can he used I n c l u d i n g
waste t r a n s f o r m e r o i l .
---------------------------------------

mihsuomi
The m i x i n g p o i n t l a s i m p l y any l o c a t i o n on the r i g h t o f - w a y where t h e c h e u l c a l s p r a y i s s i z e d and should be
l o c a t e d so t h a t t h e mon s p r a y i n g can r e f i l l t h e i r s p r a y e r s
w i t h a minimum l o s s o f t i m e ,
USE OP T I L t f l K E :
The t i e w i r e i s c u t i n l e n g t h s s u f f i c i s n t l y long t o
span t h e w i d t h o f t h e r i g h t - o f - w a y and Is t hen s t r u n g
acr oss t h # r i f h t - a f - w a y a t 10 o r l o f o o t I n t e r v a l s t o aub
divide i t .
One o r two s p r a y e r s t hen work i n each sub­
d i v i s i o n and a r e t h u s e n a b l e d t o g i v e t h e i r area a compl ete
c o v e r a g e , l . e , t h e y work from one l i m i t t o a n o t h e r and t hen
■o r* the r e a r w i r e ahead.

SPRAYING:
Ths

Spraxora

h i

r

ctrrJ^.l

m .

the

back

m.i

*h,

pump

han dl e a g i t a t e d u n t i . I t "pu.nj r b i r d " .
tt t \ l . » p . t u r Mi»
p r e s s u r e i s # ¿:'i I c U ' i t l v h u l l : uf
*■i \
» f i r e tirnwy
spray» The p r e s s a i • w i l l S l a v u; f Vr s e v e r a l secri. Is t n l
a few pumps '->■ th«* h a n d l e w i l l w .h i > h»» B», f l r i « ii t *. i>
ferine I t up a p i l t : when t h * p r e s s u r e f i l l s u f f .
Cure s h o ul d be t a k e n l o s a t u r a t e i l l 1 1» l »«f jr p u t o f
the growth snd any l a r p e a t e » a r e a s .
f r > a th#.c# » m s i j . *
p l a n t c u r r i e s t h e c h e n t c a l m f a r o o t s whei * *t,r u - t u s l
t i l l tokes p la c e .
sp ray i c o n t a c t w i t h th** s k i n It should i m * - | l * t • l y
bs washed o f f ,
Uxtrwne c u e ehuuld !•» e x e r c i i . e d t .» * » k *
sure t h a t n e i t h e r c u n c e n t r i t e d spray nor a l x p o l e I n t he
• ye«»
U3g Of A WA T S:
r
I f any l a r g e t r e o s a r e
's p re a d with aanats.

cut t h e stumps should be l l h e i

MIC1
The f i n e s p r a y n.»s a t e n d e n c y t o d r i f t and ext reme care
should be uaed i n s p r a y i i n ’. n e a r f a n crops and o rn amen tal
shads t r s s s ss t h e a n r ay cun b» i n j u r i o u s and e w n i f I t I s
not t h e p u b l i c i s q u i c k t o blame something unknown t o t h » «
f o r a crop or t r e e b l i g h t .
s

u

m

»

Large q u a n t i t i e s o f s p r a y i n b r o o k s , streams o r t r r l g s t l e m
d i t c h e s can do harm some d i s t a n c e from t he s p r a y i n g o p e r a t i o n .

m

iQirm

rr-

C a t t l e o r o t h e r a n i m a l s t h a t mi ght feed on v e g e t a t i o n
which has been s p r ay ed w i l l s u f f e r no i l l e f r » c t s fries i t ,
nor l a i t h a r m f u l t o f i s h .

laueutThe f i r s t

rear*

s p r a y i n g w i l l not and i s not expect ed
t h i s i s dut t o many f a c t o r s t h e most
p r o m i n e n t o f w h i c h i s t h # s h e l t e r i n g o f on# bush o r p l a n t by.
masther.
F o r t h i s r e a s o n and o t h e r * , i t i s neeeaeeryto do \

to f i r s a l O O i k i l l *

SFRATIKJ :
Th<* à p i * - ' ! : ’
h .in J le

' » » ! * *» " ‘T

spray.

• h»* ! r--.--

il-

»».* i

rr**si'uri‘ 1;• s

C 11-» ‘ .i
it

"i u

■i tir; " .

; .• •.•••.* 1v *•*: I ■ .»i
•» » w ; ; ;

.*•! «•••

It

up

«;■ * ! »■ wi. , r

*n e

il. ■
: ...................

■> : t •• f.

r .*t*v»T «I

a few p u n p s ■>' ' f.f f. .1.(1»* w 1 i 1
b r i n i ’,

vi

.i

/ i ••

|'i'cM i;,' o

f * 1 1a

* *

••.-■it

•

C a r e j l i ‘i i . 1 l'r t ' i k » n ? c s a t u r i . » » i l i • v «• i ^ f"y ; «• •. ('
t h o pri -wt lì a n d tr.y 1 iiv»*
«r-•• 13 .
*Y- n * I»
-v '*.«1
p l a n i . CaPJ ' l eS l ì . » l'hfrn ) ca ;
; ■ r. r - , t a e r e * . •
I

klll t’ivi# r 1 A*-'« •

Caut l ori?

'4i. uM t 1 ir, •- t •; ni''

r »»m

i

!

spray c1’’T»‘ in rei.t .~t » !•I. •’.»* i»■i». '• al ■■ 1■ i,!».;«•-i(•r :»
be wus> evi o f f .
aure

tin i

Cxt »••:-.«• < t i •• :*f . •:

n riM ier

i.‘ r

»-.i

a; i . v

i .• « v u r r ..■■■• i •

«.»•

».>.»

* » «•

*i«

, »-t ■ 1«.

eyes.

Ui£ OF 1MHATE:
I f a n y l a r - r e t r a r r - ¿ira ; ut
sprend wi t h «ranate.

t h è a i umpa *•!».». I f « 1 ! • a r » l

DRirr:
The T i n - a r r a y n í a ;» t endency '-■> d r i f t and
cere
should he used i n s p r a y i n r near I *tra crops and ore.a. t nt ¿ 1
shade t r e e s i u , t h e s p ra y car. r e i n . t u r i n u e u.d e v e r 1 i t is
not tin» p u b l i c i s q u i c k i n b. tm« s-ianithlrift unkin'wt > .< tf.-*«
f o r a cr o p o r t r e e b l i p h t .

3THEAM3:
Larpe q u i n t 1t i u s r f s p ra y in b r r r k n , streams > r i r r l y i t i
d i t c h e s can do harm some d l r - t a n r e from the spr.iyin.* o p * r « t ; . . i .

tone álRl'ECTj:
C a t t l e o r o t h e r a n i m a l s t n/tt ml,-hi feed on; v »•. at <t i mi
which lias been spr ayed w i l l s u f f e r nc 111 e f f e c t s from t t ,
nor l a i t h u r a f u l t o f i s h .
fOLLOtf UP:
The f i r s t y e a r s s p r n y l n / w i l l not and I s not # * j a c t e d
t o y l v e a 100;i k i l l .
T h i s l a due t o «any f a c t o r » t he »net
p r o m i n e n t o f w h i ch i s t h e s h e l t . e r l n r ; o f on» btish o r p l a n t by
another.
F or t h i » r e aso n and o t h e r s , i t i s n e c e ss a r y t o do
a s p o t t r e a t m e n t f o l l o w - u p durinp, perhaps t h e n e xt two y e a r s .

lat

ESTIHATES OF AMOUNT AND VALUE OF HERBICIDE USED AND CONFIRMED AND POSSIBLE SUPPLIERS (Ï955-196*»>

ESTIMATED

ACRES

POUNDS OF

ESTIMATED

ESTIHATED

ACTIVE

CALLONS OF

COST OF

(CIL)

PURCHASES

INGREDIENT

CONCENTRATE

MATERIAL USED

GREEN CROSS

CHIPHAN

DOW

NAUGATUCK

-

-

-

-

-

11,400*

5,900

9,500

u >••I
$ 4,700 b,IO ( '>

1955

830

4,500

563

1956

4208

23,100

2,888

24,200

1957

4011

22,100

2,763

23,200

195«** 3435

18,900

7,363

I9,8DQ

—

4,300

200

1959

1678

9,200

1,150

9,600

373 V

3,400

I960

1173

6,500

813

6,600

1961

1493

8,200

1,025

8,600

1962

1264

7,000

875

1963

1401

7,700

1964

2396

13,200

/Z.S'S«

...... .

■•

TOTAL

¿ lo o
0

1,800

13,200 25.ÍOO

1,000

16,400 20, ioo

16,200*

130

20,830 /C^Soo

360

-

2,100

5,860 C Zoo

«*

170

6,900

-

9,070 7o«o

—

- :

400

l,5P0

1,500

3,400

7,300

-

3,300

1,500

5,300

3,700

13,800 /o5oo

963

8,100

—

6,200

6,700

1,600

200

1,688

14,100

~

11,000

14,000

5,300

1,200

l

14,700

Confirmed purchases of Brushklll.

75oo

31,500 Z o . 5oo

$ / 2 L, ?oo

ib o

I.

ídoü

All other figures represent purchases

from companies, but not confirmed purchases of Brushklll.

C o v v ie.eV

14 -

o l XL v L

__
M

_

«. .

I

»1 . .

hm

I .ä

U

U

ß
1 2 5 e)

»E

THE

DOW

C H EM IC A L

COMPANY
M ID L A N D

M IC H IG A N

July 12, 1955

Dear Ur. Goesli

W 1 278U1

Dr. Andrew G. Qoesl
Daniel-Harrell Clinic
Medical Arts Building
3 1 7 State Line Avenue
Texarkana, Arkansas-Texas

c.n

Mr. r . a . Crandall of our Agricultural Chemical Division at
St. Louis has asked ne to reply to your letter of June 25th
addressed to that office.
I aa very sorry to hear that you have a patient who is suf­
fering from gild hepatitis following use of our Esteron 2 ^5 .Our studies of the toxicology of this material have been con­
ducted on laboratory animals and livestock, and while slid
hepatic symptoms have occurred, the dosages in all cases have
been rather massive and by the oral route. Furthermore, ef­
fects upon the hepatic or renal systems seemed to appear only
after rather large doaes »ere given and after other more dras­
tic effects such as myotonia, anorexia, and gastritis «ere ex­
perienced. Thus, if the patient had swallowed the material
in substantial amounts, it would not be unreasonable to ex­
pect some transient hepatic and perhaps kidney injury to follow
other primary symptoms.
It is recognized, of course, that such experimental work is
suggestive but not cone usive as far as human subjects are
concerned.
As you are probably aware, we have manufactured and sold Esteron
213 and related materials for several years. Millions of
gallons have been used and cany people nave been exposed. To
our laowledge, there has never beer, a case of systemic toxicity
attributed to these materials except perhaps where it has beer,
shallowed accidentally or with suicidal intest. An occasional .
,°f dermatitis has been reported,but in most of these cases,
the diluent oil (fuel oil or kerosene) has been shown to be
the causative agent.
The significance of this plant and field experience is not ap­
preciated until one realizes that there are many custom spray­
ing firms in this country and abroad whose employees do little

I 30

Dr. Ai^drew

0 . Goesl

2 -

July 12, 1955

oer.

day. We, of course, do not '¿»ecomaend such pracff5' and do our best to discourage it, but nevertheless, it
does occur.

view of our laboratory findings and the experience we have
we doubt very such if the application of Esteron 2^5 by
tout patient could have been in any way related to faiB hepati­
tis.
I an sending a oopy of your letter together with a copy of this
reply to Dr. E. H. Day, Director of our Radical Department, and
t h e r e b y will ask him to contact you directly with his opinions
in the natter.

QOW 1 2 7 8 1 U C

t «nniy these materials. It is not unusual for these
else buv»*' their clothing wet with the material for hours a

If we can be of any further assistance, please do not hesitate
to contact us.
Sincerely yours,

-¿net?
V. E.. Bowe
Biochemical Research Department
2-280 Building
VXB/bb
enc.
P.S.

I am enclosing a reprint entitled, "Summary of Toxicologi­
cal Information on £,t-D and 2,1,5~T Type Herbicides and
Evaluation of Their Hazards to Livestock Associated with
Their Use." Recognizing that this irfornation does not
apply directly to human beings, we believe it is indica­
tive of the type of thing which can be expected.
V.E.R.

cc:

Dr. H. H. Qay ^
R. A. Crandall
H. L. Smith
G. J . Williams

i'b I

°-l3"
U í^

Municipal Hospital Kassel
Medical Department

K a s s e l, 14 Nov 1955

Dr. Knecht
Bcehringer Co
¡ngelneim
COPY
A sumnary o f our observations o f the s ix cases o f tric h lo ro p h e n c l in to x ic a tio n
we examined, reveals the fo llo w in g :
A ll cases did not come im m ediately, but only a f t e r considerable time a f t e r
the to x ic e f f e c t , to our a tte n tio n .

T h e re fo re , acute damage to the l i v e r

could no longer be observed o r eva lu a ted .

The observed changes ir. the l i v e r

was com pletely id e n tic a l in a ll p a tie n ts and th e re is no doubt th a t there was
a c e rta in amount o f l i v e r damage induced by the to x in , although apparently
minor and w ith good prognosis.

A1 to the prognosis, however, i t must be

cautioned th a t the time o f observation was too sh o rt to form a d e fin ite
opinion.
The present la t e p ic tu re s a f t e r 2 ,4 ,5 -T poisoning show increased pigment
deposits in the l i v e r c e l l s , whereby the pigment is p r im a r ily iron fre e and
there is a re a c tio n o f the Kupfer c e lls .

There are only minor f i b r o t i c

changes in the l i v e r , th a t is only a s lig h t th ic k e n in g o f the norm ally present
p e rip o rta l tis s u e s , but not o f the type o f tis s u e growth ty p ic a l o f the
chronic h e p a titis or beginning c ir r h o s is .

p o ssib ly because o f decreased re sis ta n ce o f the organ towards

invading v iru s e s .

To com pletely e va lu a te the pigm ent, i t must be mentioned

th a t we found in the case o f C le re s , during l a t e r exam ination, th a t a p a rt
o f the p re vio u s ly ir o n -fr e e pigment now contained ir o n .

This conim ns our

DOW 1520544

h e p a t itis ,

However, in the case o f E x e l, th e re was a v ir a l

4ft

described case (Hanrner;.

C e ll damage was only found in the

(32-

-2 e a r lie r b e l ie f about the nature o f the pigment, namely th a t there is a
case o f masked p ro te in -iro n b in d in g , i . e .

a precursor o f hemosiderosis.

Due to the id e n tity o f the p ic tu res in a ll s ix p a tie n ts , we d e f in it e ly
conclude th a t there is an e f f e c t o f 2 ,4 ,5 - T on the l i v e r .

We can tn e rc fo re

admit new p a tie n ts from your company fo r observation only 1 f you d e f in it e ly
in s is t .

However, we do th in k i t advisable to perform a l i v e r biopsy on one

or two o f the examined cases in a b o u t-5—4 months,in order to observe the
course o f the c o n d itio n .
With best c o lle a g u al greetings

s /D r. W ild h ir t

D r.'S ch m id t

00W 1520545

Stadthra.nkerhaus Hassel
Medizinische Abteilung

Herrn
Dr.Znecht-Fa.3crhringer
lugelheim
•Abschrift

W enn wir somit einmal zusammenfassen,was wiLr bei den bisher
untersuchten 6 Fällen mit Trichlorphenolintoxikation gesehen
haben,so ergibt sich folgendes:
Sämtliche Fälle k amen nicht u n m i t t e l b a r ,sondern erst nach län­
gerem Intervall nac h der T o x iaeiwirkung zu uns.Infolgedessen
waren akute Schädigungen.der Leber .nicht mehr zu sehen und auch
nicht zu erwarten.Die beobachtete V eränderung der Leber war
bei allen P a t ienten vö l l i g identisch und lässt garkeinen Zwei­
fel darüber aufkommenVdaß es tatsächlich zu einer gewisser. Schä­
digung der Leber durch die T o x ineinwirkung gekommen ist,aller­
dings v o n offensi c h t l i d h nur g e r i n g e m U m f a n g und günstiger
Prognose.Allerdings muS h i n s i c h t ä i c h der Prognose^noch die E i n ­
schränkung zur Vorsicht gemacht w erden,daß die Becbccfitungszeiten noch zu kurz sind,um ein endgültiges Urteil abgeben zu können.
I Die jetzigen Spätbilder nach Trichlorphe n o l v e r g i f t u n g Zeichen
I sich durch eine Vermehrte P i g a e n t a b l a g e r u n g in den Leberzellen
* aus,wobei das Pigment vorwiegend Eis e n f r e i ist und ausserdemnurch
I eine E e a k t l o n der K u p f f e r s c h e n Sternzel l e n . D a b e i sind immernur
; geringfügige fibrotisebie ‘V e r ä n d e r u n g e n inäer Leber ,d.h. nur eine
* ganz leichte V e r s t ä r k u n g des schon normalerweise vorhandenen
periportalen Bindegewebes v o r h a n d e n »aber nicht v o n der Art
einer Bindegewebsve r m e h r u n g , w i e sie nur ch r o n i s c h e n Hepatitis
•oder zur b e g i n n e n d e n Cirrhose gehört.Eine Zellschädigung hat sich
nur in dem jetzt hier obe n b e s c h r i e b e n e n ¿'all (Fall Hammer)gef funden.Allerdings ist es ja bei Fall E x e i intercurrent zu einer
. jiufgepfropften Hepatitis
gekommen,möglicherweise durch eine ge­
wisse Aesistenz m i n d e r u n g des Organs gegenüber- einem Virusbefall.
Schliesslich ist n och für die E i n s c h ä t z u n g des Pigments wichtig
daß wir b e i m Fall _Cleres bei der h a c h p u n k t i o n gefunden naben,daß
jetzt ein Teil des vorher e i s e n f r e i e n Pigmentes eisenhaltig ist.
Dies bestärkt unsere s c h o n frühere A u f f a s s u n g über 'die Tiafur
/ dieses Pigments,dass es -sich d abei u m eine maskierte Eiseneiweiss, Verbindung,also u m eine Vorstufe von H a e m o s i d e r i e n handelt. "
"Infolge der Indentität der Eilder bei ’allen 6
sehe int
uns von unserer Beite her die B e d e u t u n g der irichlorphenolein,
Wirkung auf die Leber geklärt .’.Vir w ü r d e n daher neue Patienten c d
aus Ihrem Betr i e b nur d a n n noch zur reobac h t u n g auinehmen,wenn 3 g
Sie ganz speziellen Wert d a r a u f l e g e n.Dagegen erseneifit es uns
zwechmässig,wenn in etwa 3— a- H o n h ö a n nochmals der eine oder der"'*
andere der bisher u n t e r s u c h t e n Fälle zu einer neuerlichen Kon- j-'J
trolle und Leberbiopsie hierher kommen kennte,damit wir d e n
^
weiteren Verlauf dieser Dinge b e o b a c h t e n können.
m
.cn

Dr.WildhiSt

oa
I M

Ï2 .jC-13-üUTA/
Ut.
fU
“
-u'

-'•**

THE

loro:

DOW

C H E M IC A L

Utils

COMPANY
MIDLAND MICMIQAM

^

February 13* 193

L. •L . 'Cou11 2 r
Agricultural Manicala Development
/«aricar, Legion Building

en
en

co:

en

-P, ’*• Fletcher

en
;in your letter of January 26th you report that at tho rooet^ n c of the Wood Society ‘of Araerlaa, New York City, January
Jl and 5 '.It was disclosed that Estoron Qrush Killer and
Esteron 2U$ arc being applied to vegetation using orchard
•-.'guns operating at prs8aureo In the rango of 150 to ^00 p.3.i.,
:and that the composition applied concicto generally of h to
S quarto of the active agents plus 10 to 20 gallons of oil
.-emulsified with 30 to 90 gallons of water.
l/o have no infemation relative to the health hazards acco­
d a tod to ouch applications, but certainly tho pouoibility
and possible conoaquenceo of inhaling these fino droplets
of thlo composition chould be considered. We tlo know that
certain oils can, when inhalod ao a taint, cause ocrious
ronpiratory embarrassment. Whether thio will be a factor
in application of o material ouch ao that described above
in unknown to un. if this were strictly an application of
oil alone vie would be particularly conccmod and would
suggest that persons applying such material employ a rospirator designed for tho removal of ouch mists. I question,
. however, whether thin will be noceooary in view of the
largo volume of water being applied. There is no doubt,
however, that the operators Bhould bo instructed to avoid
breathing this mist. I bolievo, however, that this method
of application should bo carefully watched to b o o whether
any adverse offocto occur in individualu making ouch ap­
plications. For the tine being then. It In my recommenda­
tion that wo do not recommend this manner of application,
but keep our eyes open and or-lc firms applying material in
thin way to watch for any evidence of respiratory diffl- •
cultica. If ouch oppoor, then I believe that wo should
talco a positive approach and roaommond thu wuaring of ap­
propriate respiratory protection. .
V .7
'T-.<~.
'•r./-'.v&
'-i!'’*.- t -i
' «i. I.V..Í» *■

„

->I rogrot that I caniiut bo moro specif io at thio timo with
.to..this'hazard,
»1
r/jtovíQi^ _
m

m

m

.135

LW-< ;
TH E

DOW

C H E M I C A L

'

C O M P A N Y

' •'
QO-îliü

ij

MIDLAND
M a r c h '20, 1959

R E C E IV E D /- l l
MAR 2 3 ¡$¿3 ^

M»rk Wolf .
Biochem Research Lab
634 Building

Biochem, Res. Lsb.

Dear Mark: .
By review of our conversation this morning (March 18)
regarding the relative toxicity of 1 1/2 to 2 gallons of
Forror. 245 in 100 gallons of water or Forron Brushklller
at the same concentration in water, as compared with
Esteron Brushklller O.S. in an oil-water emulsion, we
would like to outline the field situation and our needs
as we see it.

cn
en
C2
ro
<1
o
M
W
Aj
CD

O

It is a common practice on the utility right-of-ways to
use 1 gallon of Esteron Brushklller O.S. or Esteron 245
O.S. plus 10 galons of oil', this oil could be either
No. 1 or 2 fuel oil or kerosene in 89 gallons of water
for a total of ICO gallons of mix. This mixture is
used because it gives quick, uniform knockdown, does a
little better Job on conifers and actually has been
promoted by some companies because it is dramatic
enough that it is easy to sell. Nonetheless it is being
used very commonly and our products are used in this
manner when the customers decide they want to use oil.
The use of this oil has a number of problems; in the first
place it costs money, it is difficult to mix with Esteron
O.S. ar.d water, it is messy to handle, it is hard to
obtain, and it requires additional trucking facilities to
handle the large volume of raw material to be imported.
We have been shooting at a formulation which would essen­
tially give the early uniform brown-out and kill of the
oil-E3teron Brushklller mix without having all of the
disadvantages and handling problems of oil. These formula­
tions which Chem Engineering Lab has come up with are
Forror. Brushklller and Forron 245.
You have indicated to us that Forron formulations used in
this manner are somewhat more toxic to the handler than
the Esteron 245 or Erteron Brushklller formulations and
the question naturally comes up a 3 to what is the relative
hazard of ..the Forron formulations with the oil-water v:.
.......^

*

l3b'

Mr, Mark Wolf

combinations. Specifically, we would like to know what
the relative handling hazards are of 1 1/2 or 2 gallons
of Porron 245 or Forron INushkiller per 100 gallons of
water or as compared with 1 gallon tsteron Brushkiller O.S.
or Esteron 245 O.S. plus 10 gallons of one of the above
oils, -plus 89 gallons of water. ThlB should, of course,
include skin irritation, eye irritation, possibly inhala­
tion and any other tests which you think might be
pertinent.
This information can be important to us in furthering
our Porron program and in counseling our customers properly in the use of oil-water mixtures with our present brush: killer formulations. We would appreciate your checking this
; out for us. .
Yours very truly,

;

. L. L. Coulter
V Agricultural Chemicals Development
wb

'

-

■

.

HOW 1 551028

March ,20, 1959
Page 2
:r

H

k

1956

midland

July 6, 1959

L. L. Coulter
Agricultural Chemical Development
Abbott Hoad Building
^
c
They

were applied as received and were as follows:
Composition

Reference Number

Esteron Brush Killer
Fuel Oil
Water

1 gal.
10 gal.
89 gal.

3-24-59 D
R. E. V.

Esteron Brush Killer
Water

1 gal.
99 gal.

3-24-59 P

Forron Brush Killer
Water

2 gal.
100 gal.

3-24-59 B
R. E. V.

Esteron 2,4,5 OS
Fuel Oil
Water

1 gal.
10 gal.
89 gal.

3-24-59 C
R. E. V.

Esteron 245 OS
Water

1 gal.
99 gal.

3-24-59 E
R. E. V.

Forron 245
Water

2 gal.
98 gal.

3-24-59 A
R. E. V.

The test rabbits were shaved 5 to 7 days prior to test
initiation.

Each rabbit had bandaged onto tho shaven and healed

slcin, a fresh sample of three of the compositions in as widely
separated locations as possible each day, five days a weelc for
one to ten applications.

At the time of the application, the skin

response was observed and recorded.

To facilitate the comparison,

the first three compositions were tested on two rabbits and the
last three on two other rabbits.

DOW 750639

The following compositions were tested on rabbits.

DOW

2,4,5 OS, when diluted with water only, were the least Irritating
of the test materials.

In these test3, these materials ca.u3ed

Porron Brush Killer and Forron 2,4,5 when diluted with
water were shown to be slightly more‘irritating than the Esteron
materials diluted with water.

7 5 0 G3 U

essentially no irritation.

The response was that of mild ir­

ritation accompanied by mild scaliness when repeated prolonged con­
tact occurred.
the other hand, the Esteron Brush Killer and the Esteron
2,4,5 OS, diluted with water and fuel oil, were shown to be markedly
irritating and damaging on prolonged or repeated contact.

These

materials caused a b u m upon 24 hour skin contact on rabbits.
Thus It is apparent that the Esteron formulations to which
was added fuel oil mu3t be considered much more Irritating than
either the Porron or Esteron formulations diluted with water
If you have any questions concerning the above, I shall be
glad to discuss them with you.

Mark A. Wolf
Biochemical Research Laboratory
634 Building
Phone ME 6-2776
MAW/Jd

DKIftWIL & CO.

; a -lD -b 2 ; o -.iotm ;

noti •itti u72ii

\Aj 2 «
M

s

October 28, 1959

Memorandum to Mr. George Gagnon
Re:
O il

Waste Oil and Oil Drums

D rum s

A part of the stores yard on Hughes Street, Devon,
has been set aside for the movements of oil drums. These
have been marked by painted signs attached to the yard
fence.
The first pile of drums on the left hand side
of the main gate is marked "UNCONTAMIHATED TRANSFORMER
OIL DRUMS". These are drums which have no refund value
but which have at one time contained good transformer oil.
These should not be used far any other purpose except to
handle good or salvageable transformer oil. Salvageable
transformer oil means oil that can be filtered. These
drums should not be contaminated unnecessarily because
they nre at a premium and extremely useful when planning
power transformer moves or maintenance jabs. These drumc
should be returned when borrowed for such jobs.
The second pile of drums is marked "CONTAMINATED
OIL DRUHS". These drums have no refund value and have
been contaminated by material which is detrimental to good
transformer oil. These may be used only for the purpose
of storing waste oil.
The third pile of drums is marked "WASTE OIL".
These contain waste oils which is intended for use in the
chemical control operation. Any type of waste oil (cleaning
oil, dumped transformer oil, old lubricating) is worth
saving Cor this purpose. Such waste oil may be put in
front of this pile, on skids, bung side up. From time
to time the filter press operator will viBit the site and
pump the waste oil from any refundable drums he will

continued

I

Page

2

ill.

To

if

n i.i .1.:

l A/.

- Mr.

George

.1 • i n ,ii

Gagnon

Cind t h e r e i n t o n o n - r e f u n d a b l e d r u m s f r o m t h e p i l e m a r k e d
confam i n a t e d oil drum, thus r e t a i n i n g a r e f u n d a b l e drum
for c i r c u l a t i o n .
O n c e empty, t h e s e r e f u n d a b l e d r u m s shall
bn left a t t h e s i t e f o r s t o r e s p e r s o n n e l t o p i c k u p a n d
return to the s u p p l i e r for r e funds.
waste

Oil

W a s t e o i l is w e l l w o r t h s a v i n g f o r t h e c h e m i c a l
control operation.
It is r e c o m m e n d e d that p e o p l e w h o h ave
w a s t e oil to d i s p o s e of s h o u l d p i c k up e m p t y d r u m s from
t h e p i l e m a r k e d "C O N T A M I N A T E D D R U M S " t o c o l l e c t it.
Arrangements
c o u l d be m a d e w i t h the H t o r e ' s p e r s o n n e l t o h a v e a n y w a s t e
oil t r a n s p o r t e d t o this site.
W a s t e o il for this p u r p o s e
(1)
T r a n s f o r m e r oil w h i c h
worth filtering.

I
should not
Rome o t h e r
operator.

(2)

Residual
etc.

(31

Oil

cleaning

engine

may include»
is n o t c o n s i d e r e d

fluids

lubrication

such

as

varsol,

oil.

U n c o n t a m i n a t e d t r a n s f o r m e r oil w h i c h can be filtered
b e b r o u g h t t o t h i n si t e , b u t m u s t be k e p t in
l o c a t i o n until r e c o n d i t i o n e d by the filter press

J.P.. GTIERJRBTTE,
Transmission Maintenance

Engineer.

.I E G /a m
c.c.

P.c.
Levesque
!•. M . D a r g a v e 1
C .J.
McKinley
G. L a w l o r
R. T h o m a s

FJ.
R.
.
D.

Grandy
Ileatherington
Trank
Knight

/V/

1750
1 6 1

C . H* Bochringor sohn
£2b Inge lh a in an Rhein

0 ernany
Pow chemical Company
1714 Eaataen Rd.
Kidland, Uichigan t
USA

JVpruary 11, 1927
"V •.'<* "

Raj

•

The ohlorskne» Preparation of Trichlonphenol

G e n tle a e n J

’

We here07 refer to our 1965 correspondence on the abora ’
subject« At that time you vara hind enough to »hare your,
-experience with us«
• I * *l ‘

t,

••

*'

l

DOW J] 31841

Cur rofi Dr« Vey/B

Since our ovn vor3c on avoiding chlorakno exciters'has -cone to
a typo of conclusion, ve should like to j&ahe the results avail,
able to you and are accomplishing that by attaching a short
description*
.
■ 1

*

■

Ve hope that ve hare been able to give you, by aoano of this*
explanation,. a contribution to the assurance of the eynihcaia
— of triohlorophenoxy aeetlo acid and as suae that the contribution
will also b e of. intereat to you«
,.Vvattoh*- ,
*

'

'

Sinoerely
•

'

:

-

:

j " - r-J'?

*

•*

*

:..

!

i

\i\7-

f tr&

16333812

F. 02

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April 22, 1963

Ericadlcr General Fred J. Delaor (3)
U. D. Assay inanitions Cozsand
Ci'*calcal-I5iolO£-Lcal-nadiolc^leal Agency

Cffice oi* the Ccsaandlng General
U. i. Eepartsicnt of Dofenso
Aimy Chcntcal Center, Maryland
Dear Ccnoral Deleon
✓

At the request of Dr. barren C. Shaw, Agricultural P.cscarah
Service, United States Eepartoenfc of Agriculture, we are
supplying harculth three copies of the information available
to us concornlne tho toxicity of 2,4-D (2,4-diehlo:\}piicnc.;;y
acetic acid) and 2,4,5-7 (2,4,5-trichlorophcnoxy acetic acid),
This infornaticn wan prepared by Dow for a petition to the
Food end Drue Administration requesting a tolerance for 2,4-D
in aspargun. (Incidentally, tho tolerance of 5 ppa aa r e l a t e d
was established by tho FDA). Included in this information aro
references 8 and 9 which give data on tho toxicity of 2,4,5-?.
In addition to tills information, wo liquid lilso to also cant Ion
tiiat vjo havo boon nanufacturing 2,4-D and 2,4,5-*? for over ten
years. To the boat of our Vcnowlodgo, none Of tho woricacn iu
these factories have shown any 111 effects as a result of wording
with these ohoaleals,
Further, cony Billions of pounds of those chemicals havo been
used here and abroad without causing a clnglo proven caao of
Illness to livestock.
Tl'.ero havo been very few co^lalnto and alleged illnesses
In huesno duo to 2,4-D, ru/wover, wo havo novor been convinced
that thosa Inotenoos were in fact caused by tho chemical.
In view of tho low toxicity observed in other »onsaaliai species,
our toxleoiecisto bollovo those caooo havo been rolatod to 2,4-D
by coincidence.

N O U -18-1992 0 8 M 7

FROM

SODA HEALTH 8. ENUIROMENT

16333812

TO

P .03

- 2-

Xiiovilns that tUcao producto a:*© used by all corta oí noetic

ivo aro clad to havo thia opportunity to oorvo you, and trust
tho information uo havo provided will bo of ooaistanco.
Blncoroly,

AAC\n

ur.dor varied draunctañeos, wo ccnoidor tiio few number or
allowed injuries to bo phenomenal whoa rolated to tho lc^-c
quantities of product ¡manufactured and cold»
°

01

<Uj

^p>
r

G. £* Dynn

Director of Bociatration
Bioproducts Department
las

cc: Dr* Warren 0* 3haw* A.H.S** U.S*D,A*

boi W. V, Sunderland

V. K. Rowe (No Enclosure)

t

m

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Nü U-16-1992

08=42

FROM

SODA HEALTH & ENUIROM1ENT

TO

16333812

P .03

C. H . B O E H R I N G E R

SOHN

C H E M I S C H E FABRÌI
C. H.Ieehtisf «r Sohn. ^

»■ theia
(afcla«dfcdn Mil

liti ION«

1 i
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osui-nn
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DOW Chemicals C o m p a n y

ir ímnfcrabw*.[7777
AHt Ceda i* b i n d

Midland / Michigan

1nliamidtiit Mm lini

Centd K èlld b a u , Utmhm

1

3 in Mi I m A AC. S f a i. Mm
<
S e a d i I n i A d. F U i fm a k fa (M n l (
SioHfnfcMM lo filhon >■ U n Nr. tJ « ,

U.S.A.

t—-n.— '««•—| V- I t i » *-

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Onera Idita

Dr.Mz/o«

@ Ingeibeim a m Rhein
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Bcnifi

Sehr geehrte Herren«.
während eine* Wirklichen Besuches Ihrer Herren Dr. Trapp»
Lueck und Sllversteln erwähnten wir einen wissenschaftlichen
Bericht» in welche» die Isolierung des chlorakneaktiven Wirk­
stoffs sowie die Folgerungen für die betriebliche Arbeitsweise
ausführlieh beschrieben sind. Herr Sllverstein zeigte darauf­
hin Interesse an der Überlassung eines Exemplars dieses Be­
richtes*
Bis heute haben wir den Inhalt dieses Berichtee ausserhalb
unseres Sauses niemandem zur Xeontnls gegeben« da wir besonderen
Wert darauf legten« die ausserordentliche Gefährlichkeit des
^ Tetrachlorbenaodlovin nicht allgemein bekannt werden zu lassen.
Da Sie. aber den gleichen Wirkstoff aus den Bebenprodukten Ihrer
‘"'~T5ricli2ÖfpfiedöX4ft»oduktion IsoIier«i konnten/haben wir'uh*.. "
entschlossen* Ihnen diesen Bericht zu überlassen. Wir möchten
31* aber' bitten* diesen ebenso wie die übrigen* Ihnen bereits
übergebene» Verfahrensunterlagen streng vertraulich zu behandeln
und auaserbalb Ihrer Firma niemandem zur Kenntnis zu bringen.
Vir hoffen* dass der beiliegende Bericht (Versuche zur Auffin­
dung des bei der 2«4 ,3-T-Säure-HerStellung auftretenden Chlor­
akne-Erregers) vom 12*9.1956 Ihnen bei der Lösung Ihres Chlorakne­
problems nützlich sein wird und verbleiben
-d “*.•*-

Anlage

♦ •
<• •

ëëë ë £

16333812

P.04

'J.5 - 1 •
Honored

Gentlemens

wring « brief visit with your messera. Dr. T-ano

^

Lueck and Sllverstein we mentioned a scientific

Until_Q2if we have discloaed the
,to no one 5utsT(Ie~01 ■OUr company. a » ? ! ? ..?
r^ P rt~valuF thereto, "BeBause^he «SrÎArdïn?^ iîî0*1 a
teeraeAloroboniodloKla is n S f
°f th*
since you have isolated the sal¡ ^ ¿ ¡ L l f S ; «F<"ï,rar'
products (oil) of your Trichlorophînlï^ÎooÎÎÎ üî0hÎy*
chosen to turn this report over to you
h ?!S,,5
you, however, that you commit yourselves tS
t
policy of strict confidence wlthresDect
?£„îh“ 70U ,,0“M il,cl08e « to no’S S
” “ «<»

DOW ]5B8605

which the isolation of chloracne active »UbatancïïPÎPi-i?
as conclusion» concerning operating procedures aîî ÎSt?®11
described. Kr. Sllverstein showed an interest K % h ? î ly ^
asked for a copy of this report.
m e r e s t in this and

0
det e ^ S « ^ L o U t t ™ ) ° " ‘1cS ^ J I:ÎPeîi“ nt* °» «>.
production of ¿ . » . M u L f r t g S ? ’?
thî
« % , » S U ln tte •°1“tlon of ^

with friendly greetings
C. H. BŒHRINGEH SOHN

Dr. Kudszus

Dr. Merss

Attached paper»

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TH S

DOW

C H E M IC A L

C O M PA N Y
M IDLAND

January 25, 1965

C0NFH3SNTIAI

Dear Dr. Merz:
\;e very much appreciated the opportunity to talk with you
yesterday and I have summarized below our understanding
of the essential elements of our conversation, as you
suggested.
## # # # # # # #* ## ##

O

At the outset I explained to you that there were four Dow
people on three telephones here.
I then introduced Mr.
Silverstein, Dr. Henry Tolkmlth, who would be on hand to
handle any necessary translation, and finally, Mr. Dylewski,
an engineer concerned with the development of a new process
for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol. We then began with a series of
medical questions posed by Mr. Silverstein.
Silverstein:

1. We have isolated and identified a symmetrical and an
unsymmetrical isomer of tetrachlorodlbenzodiaxin. The
symmetrical isomer is ,!2,3,6,7" (German notation) and
the unsymmetrical is "2,3,6,8 ". Limited animal
experimentation indicates that the unsymmetrical Isomer
is much less active. Have you any Information on the
relative activity of these two Isomers?
Answer: "No, we stopped research - it was too dangerous".
2. Do you have any liver biopsy specimens available for
our M.D.'s to study?
Answer: "No, since we have had no new cases for seven
years.
3. Have the liver function tests or kidney function tests
used on your chloracne cases been published anywhere?
Answer: "Do not know".

r\j

BOW 1 5G8535

Herrn Dr. Hans Herz
Director of Production
C. H. Boehringer Sohn
Ingelheim,an Rhein
west Gennany

D IV ISIO N

M ID LA N D . MICHIGAN

Dr. Hans Merz

-2

1-2S-65

-. Die you note any Increased incidence of diabetes in your
chloracne patients, or did any diabetics with chloracne
suffer aggravation of their diabetic condition?
Answer: "No cases of diabetes were found".

5 . Did you study catechol amines or ketosteroids in your
chloracne cases?
Answer:
"Do not know".

Dr. Merz said that he would check further into those
cuestions which were answered above as "Do not know".

Dylewski (Engineer):
He explained that we are considering
a distilled grade of 2 ,4,5-Trlchlorophenol (2,4,5-T) as
part of our product requirement.
Dr. Merz reiterated that.Boehringer's management had decided
net to distill this material because of the danger of the
formation of chloracne inciting materials.
Mr. Dylewski was nevertheless interested to hea r more about

3 oehringer's experience with the distillation and thereupon
proceeded to describe his proposed procedure and to invite
Dr. Merz's comments.

The procedure involves acidification of the aqueous phenate
with either HC1 or HaSO* to a pH of 4.5-5.5 followed by
separation of the 2,4,5-T oil from the salt brine, washing
of the phenolic oil w ith water, drying by va c u u m distillation
and finally distilling of the 2,4 , 5-T without fractionation
in a graphite still.
Dr. Merz said that they formerly distilled 2,4,5-T in copper
equipment operating with a simp temperature in the range
of 130-150°C.
Chloracne inciters were formed presumably
because of residual cations (Na) in the phenol w h i c h
produced Na trlchlorophenate thus leading to the formation
of dioxin compounds.
Mr. Dylewski asked if Dr. Merz could
name a particular concentration of salt below w h i c h it would
be safe to operate a distillation.
Dr. Merz would not name
a tolerable level but suggested that a water extraction
could be better affected by use of a retainer solvent such
as methylene chloride or chlorobenzol for the 2 , 4 , 5-T.

1-28-65

Dr. Hans Merz

Dr. Trapp-asked Dr. Merz to describe how Ba(OH) 2 functions
to produce a better quality product. Dr. Merz replied that
Ba(0K)a traps carbonate which is an impurity in the caustic.

Ir. closing, Dr. Trapp informed Dr. Merz that We had not
yet received the secrecy agreement papers from Boehringer
and Dr. Merz said that he would check immediately on this
because he was certain that they were completed and had
assunsd that they had been mailed.
7/¡1 T rtr

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7"77

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DOW 1 568537

Dr. Merz was asked if he knew what the material of con­
s t r u c t i o n of the reactor autoclave was, and he replied,
"Iron, or common steel".

Vir danken Ihnen nochmals für Bire weiterer Unterstützung,
Dr. Merz.
ti
mit freundlichen grussen.

Assistant Director
Benzene Research Laboratory
474 Building

be:

Hamburg Office (Qrote/Kube)
Q. A. ùriess
B. V. Dylewski
L. Silverstein

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L. D. Oiu.ii, Galco Admin 1 st rati;,.!., U7 Build ir«3
H. U. yoinjucr, Chomicalo Dc payment, AEG
C. C. L'utcr.anrautfccr, C 73 . Cmcm. Prod. Eapt., 250 Cuildins
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Ii. C. Ctue.-ai;:^, G.vpr.ie Cheu. Products Espi., 172 Cuildiii o_
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U. II. 0 1 1 1 , BiO?7C'J’
JCt3 iC0?27iZJ'.l'i5 BlCprC'JUCtO CCT.ter
ll. J. EeScy, Disprcd-jcto Colon, ’
Jisprcduetu Canter
H. 0 . villcjj, Eioprcaucto Department, Dicnrcdecta Cantor
J. D. LceOena, Cnenicalo Department, AID
D. G. Plotcher, Dicprcducts DCiJertnoni, Bioprcducto Cancer
II. C. Barrens, Uicpro-Jucto Department, Bioprcdueto Center
U. L. Corbin, Dicprcducts Salco. DIcpraduzto Center
K. u. Iloyio, Uicaha-aieal Heaearsb Laboratory, 1701 Duil'Jins
V. K. P.c:;of Dicaheeiicai liacoureh Laboratory, 1701 Beildiivj
e a e a :d

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hovo o'.'.o'.r.; inodoralo to r.ovoro L-o.ipov.ao in c 13 :21: caao:; d‘o
ton par tent co.tsc.-itra Cion in cóo.ònol. This confìrcio V'.:£
anaìyjìo for 2 ,3 -.7 »B°tatrach.If:vodlbor.todionln which uuo
foend in ccnccrTtra'iroiia avòracià’j Libous'10 ~p;j2 .
Tiilo r.oteriol preconio a dcfir.it;3 hazard uhich would require?
all tho precautions used in 159 Dulldiag and 309 Bulldins eo
prevent Injury, if it io prcscocod at 2Ó7 BuiIdIns.
Dcw'o involvc-naat In oSiipplnr, ti:io catorial to niverdalo and
Uocdoury al 00 eone orna ca. There io 0 definito rlotr to 65:oir
cr.ployoeo, Gopaaially oinco thoy oro probably unaware of tho
problen and arc probably tauins r.o prccauticno.

■

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There io no aoeurar.ee tint their final predue to will be free
of contamination. The available evidence pointo to tt:o
opposite. Zn ny opinicn their products should notfce cold
until animi testo shew these products to bo free of 0
significant hazard from the totrachlorcdibensodiosin and
related materialo.
16b

DOW 054090
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St. loUil
Itoreh 1 7 ,

Dr. Txvl
19*5

2,3*7#8-Te trtehlorodlb«n23'l-28r8_=pioxaae

Hr. John Stephens
J5TK?

Inclosed 1b t sample or 2,3j7,8-tetraehlorodlbenryl-£8£adioxane.
This was received from Dow Chemical Company, and according
to them it la the Boat toxic compound they have ever
experienced. Zt presumably la toxic by »Kin contact, as
veil aa by Inhalation. According to Dow It is 100 times
as toxic as parathloa. Zt la, likewise, capable of
causing an incapacitating chloracae.
Z would recocaend that extreme care be uaed In handling; .
that dilutions be aude tinder a hood; and that all equip­
ment be washed out iaaediately, or disposed of. Sven trace
amounts of this (200 ppb) have caused chlorscne in rabbits,
according to Dow.
This is being given to you to calibrate the TPC method of
analyzing for this compound in our 2,4,5*?. Z wish you
would save aozae of it for me, as we would like to do some
biological evaluation also.
Please call me if you have any questions.

_ X. Inset Kelly, X. 9«
KSS/ln

ene.

MIDCMIO, MICMIOAJI
March 19/ 19^5

T-nset Kelly, M.D.
Medicai Director
Moneando-Chemical Company
300 North Lindbergh Boulevard
St. Louis 66, Missouri

Mr. Prancis Kennedy
_Plant Manager • —
Diamond Alkali Company . V
80 Lister Avenue
Newark, New Jersey

Dr.
Vilkenfeld
Technical Superintendent
Hooker Chemical Corporation
Niagara Palls, New York

Dr. Ed Chandler
Technical Service
Diamond Alkali Company
3 OO Union Commerce Building
.Cleveland, Ohio •

*’

I

Mr. Raymond'Verhoeze
Hooker Chemical Corporation
Niagara Palla, New York

Dr. John ?. Prawley *"■' ”
Chief Toxicologist
Hercules Powder Company
Delaware Trust Building
Wilmington 99, Delaware

Gentlemen: •

•• .

I am writing this same letter to each of you.
£ have talked
with some of you and you have indicated the other persons
within your own organizations who should be present.
'•
As per these telephoned conversations, I am inviting each of
you to come to Midland to discuss the toxicology cal problems
caused by the presence of certain highly toxic impurities in
certain samples of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol and related.materials.
As I told all of you with whoa I have talked, we have-been
doing analytical and toxicological research on this problemand wish to share our findings to date with all the producers
of 2,U,5-trichlorophenol for the sole purpose of lessening
any hazards to health that sight be attributed to this and
related products.
•Our discussions will deal-only with the toxicological and
analytical aspects of the probles. We will not discuss manu­
facturing know-how; sales, or anything else not dealing with
the pioblema of health.
It is our hope* that through this meeting, we w i l l ‘acquire a
better understanding of the problem and that each company
•

•

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2

March 19# 1965

will then proceed independently as it sees fit to institute
such self-imposed controls on it's production as are necessary" *'
to insure the safety of its products.
inclosed is a copy of an analytical method our Analytical
Labor?tory has developed.
Perhaps you would like to "have »
your analysts look it over before coning, here.
Our analyst
WH 1 be available to.discuss the method with you.
x
I -have'-reserved a room for each, of you at the ‘Midland Country •
Club for the night of March 23,' 19 6 5 . When you arrive at the ..
.airport'serving Midland, Bay City and Saginaw, get the Midland
limousine and it will take you'directly to the Country Club.
I suggest that we all meet* In the lobby at 7 i30 AlM. for break­
fast and then we will come to our laboratory for our discussions
’

I believe we can complete our discussions by lunch'tine so that.
reservatldns for your return trips can be made for any time
after lunch.
.
*
:
.

•

.•

-

If any of you have any questions, please call me. - 1; •
Sincerely yours,.

V. K. Rowe
Biochemical Research Laboratory
1701 Building
Phone MB 6-2376
Area Code 5 17
VXR/jd

To Dr. Prawley:
\ •

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Please bring another person .along IT you w i s h .
is reserved.

-A . room
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n»,\?aul BsfXtaaa
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----- :---- -

X talked with the Hercules representative who attend*] the

Bov neetlng ©n tbe 2,4,5-y problea, Be wus Dtr. jack Trevl«y,

a toxicologict•

~

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It appears tbe presentation was tbs saae as tbs one 700 and
I were given. Representatives of Ittaannd and Hooker were there.
Or* Trawls? stated that Bov told tbe various ootapanleo in private
«hat tbe content off dioxane aaa in their 2 ,4,5-T add, X
gathered that X&aaond and Hookes bad sens but Hercules stated
they vers told they bad none, ^
Xt appeared to Pfavley that bow vts bavins thle meeting because
. they did not think they could, in conscience« not tell Industry
about their findings,- Hercules also teens to believe that the
Public Health Service would be ve<7 happy to get into the act, .
vhether or not the c.-lor&ene cadets in tbe ultimate user. X
Bust agree with then about this and it would sees alaoot Man­
datory that ve see iff we can first fire up our analytical aethods
and then devise ways to alnladse the preaence off this known
chlorecne agent,
•

There is also another very good reason for us to <!o this. Re*
g&ndless off what we think off tbe rabbit test« thlr dioxane
cocpourxi sust be a potent coats&lnaat, Tesy conceivably, it
can be a potent carcinoses, ve, therefore, will never know hov
close we art to bavins another tpldesle at Xlcro, ood v* cer­
tainly don't want to go through that againX am going to be out off the country until sbput April 20, but
hr. Johnson and Hr. ttieeler are quite familiar with the various
aspects off this problem aaJ are available for discussions.

R. Exact Kelly, X, 0
KSSAa

o

DOW

CHEM ICAL

u r n r a im
M ln h ltm
MIDLAND,
Michigan
Miroh 29» 1965

COMPANY
.

/J^ty

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o4]
i ^ K . Rom«
Blooheulcal Research Laboratory
I70I Building

oot P. H. Riley
R. N. Smiley
L. B. Orant
C. 0. Hutchenreuther
F. C. Amstutx
V. P. Falsey
0. 1. Lynn
V. M. 0111
N. 0. Vlltse
D. E. Pletoher
V. L. Corbin
D. D. Irish
J. E. Peterson

J. C. Tucker
J. N. Harris
H. V. Felnauer
B. C. Stsehllng
C. B. Otis
K. T. Hansen
R. C. Hoff
V. J. McCoy
J. D. Doedens
K. C. Barron«
H. R> Hoyle
B. B. Holder, M.D
S. E. Sadek

REPORT ON THE CHLORACNE PROBLEM KEET1N0 ON 3/2A/65
Presents

Br. J. Wllkenfeld and
Mr. Raymond Verhoeze, Hooker Chemical Corporation
t

Mr. Franela Kannady and
Dr. Ed Chandler, Diamond Alkali Company
Mr. C. L. Dunn and
Dr. John P. Frawley, Hareulas Powder Company
V. K. recapped the Dow altuatlon In term« of the problem
and the Initial studlea by Toxicology and Environmental
Reaearch Laboratory regarding the ln-plant altuatlon. Ha
expanded thla In general term« to the atudy of end product«,
our« and other people«. He made reference to symmetrical
tetrachloro-p-dlbentodloxln. He referred to the evidence
for unxnown acnegena. There were some question« from the
group about the unknowns. We (Dow) were not able to answer
these questions except to review the evidence for their
exlstenoe in the process «ample« and end produot«.
CONfiDEWIuM • S’JCJéCT TO C.ViJrJCTION

D.C, ED. A*X S.-4-78/ DOW¿2?A AGREEMENT 9 79

•

6 S6 6 SQ^O0

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V. K. Rcm*

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2 -

March 2 9 , 19&5

D r . H o ld e r re v ie w e d the e * d lo a l a id e o f the Dow e x p e rle n o e j
he a a ld th a t » • now have a p p ro x im a te ly 60 to 70 caaaa o f
In d ia ld u a la w ith oh lo rao n a r a n * In « f r o * two aavara caaaa to
tow« v a ry a l l d caaaa th a t ware d i f f i c u l t to d ia g n o s e .
Ha
ahcrwad a lld e a o f tha aora d r a a a tlo c aa aa . Tha t l l d a a war«
e x c lu s iv e ly alrw a o f th a fac aa o f tha ln d lv ld u a la a f f l l o t a d .
Ho d a a c rlb a d In f a i r d e t a i l tha appearanoe o f th a I n d i v i ­
d u a l a m e n tio n in g th a blaokheade a p e o l f l o a l l y .
Ha than
ra v la w a d the o l l n l c a l e t u d la i t h a t a ra b a in * wade on thaao
p e o p le w it h emphasis on the l i v e r fu n o tlo n t e s t e .
Ha ment io n a d th a a In g le l i v e r b io p sy t h a t haa bean ta k e n and
a c o d la d In which th e l i v e r waa norm al a lth o u g h th e nan had
a r a t h e r pronounced caaa o f o h lo ra o n a . D r . H o ld e r a la o
m e n tio n e d the ln o ld an o a o f f a t ig u e among th a a f f l l o t a d p eo p le
a * b e in g th a o n ly o th e r s ig n i f i c a n t f in d in g In th e e * f o l k * .
Ha tou ch ed b r i e f l y on tre a tm e n t ln d lo a tln g t h a t v a rlo u a
t o p l o a l tra a tm a n te ware n ot p a r t i c u l a r l y e f f e c t i v e .
Ha
d a a c r lb a d the o y o lln g o f t h i s d la o r d e r in ln d lv ld u a la who
had boon c o m p le te ly removed from expoeuro. Ha m entioned
t h a t come fe lIo w a a re app roaching th e end o f t h e i r tr o u b le
two n r two end o n e -h e lf y e a rs e f t e r onset o f th e a k in d i s ­
o rd e r.
Ha a la o d eao rlb ed "a o u te o h lo rao n a" whloh la an to u ts
In fla m m a to ry c o n d itio n t h a t appaara c o n s id e ra b ly sooner than
th e n o rm a l ch lo racn e In ln d lv ld u a la and appears a f t e r p ro ­
nounced s in g le exposure. The aou te o h loraona ahowa up w it h in
a few day a o f exp o su re. D r. H o ld e r m entioned f i v e to o lg h t
d aye a p e o l f l c a l l y . T h ere waa o o n a ld a ra b la d le e u a a lo n by th e
g ro u p on th e e k ln d la o r d e r i t e e l f .
The Hooker r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s
r e l a t e d e x p e rie n c e o f a k in c o n d itio n t h i r t y y e a rs a f t e r expo­
s u re .
T h e ir caeea were more s im ila r to the D ow loide bimpe
w h ic h Dow has axp arlen eed In th a t th e re ware la r g e b o lle o r
la r g o bumpa r a th e r than tha m u ltitu d e o f s m all blaokheade
and e r u p tio n s which Dow is easin g in tha o u rre n t o a a a e .
D r . Sedak showed a lld e a o f a ara and l l v a r a o f r a b b lta th a t
had been expoaed to tha sym m etrical t a t r a o h lo r o - p - d ib s m o d lo x ln .
Ha d ie o u s ae d tha pathology In d e t a i l which I w i l l n o t a tte m p t
t o aucrnm rlta.
V . K. mentioned the a tu d le a In which the r a b b it a a ra have
been t r e a te d w ith TCBD In beniene o r c o m o i l and then
washed w it h aoep end w a te r a t v a rlo u a tim e In t e r v a l e l a t e r .
I T ix p o e u re occurs f o r very lo n g , washing dose l i t t l e good.
He a la o b r i e f l y mentioned the o r a l a tu d la a b ut w ith o u t
d e ta il.
S llv e r a t e ln d escribed the p la n t study on washing
o f c o n ta m in a tio n from to o ls and s u rfa c e s . T h l• study
In d ic a t e d th a t benzene, acetone and C hlorothane HU were
e f f e c t i v e In removing the contam inant from to o ls end e le o
t h a t d e te rg e n t and w ater w ith scrubbing a c tio n could c la e n
up to o ls and equipment. Some d is cu s sio n ensued on the use

09663IMOC

V.

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Row*

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to rc h

29,

1965

o f d i t i r | i n t and w a te r and the p o in t aaa n d a a g a in th a t
a t r o n f sorubblnx a o tlo n waa necessary f o r t h la approaoh
to b« e u o e e a a fu l.
H a ro ld 0111 than dlaouaaad the a n a ly s is f o r t e t r a c h lo r o - p d lb a n s o d lo x ln by vapor phaaa chrom atography. Ha H a t e d
th a l i m i t o f a a n a l t l v l t y on v a rio u s prooaaa m a t e r ia ls . Ha
m entioned tha o i l which ha d a fln a d as a n o n -a a p o n lfla b ia
m ix tu r e o f o h lo ro a n la o le a . t a tr a o h lo r o b a n ia na and t r l o h lo ro b a iu a n a i th a U n i t o f a a n a l t l v l t y f o r TC8D In t h l a
m a t e r ia l la IQ ppm. Tha l i m i t la 1 ppai f o r ? « l , i - : t r } c h lo r a p h e n o l, and f o r 2 . ^ . 5 - T A d d , a i t h a r a o a tlo o r p r o p io n ic .
r i T T l h a n d a f l n a l * p p S T H 'T T 'v ary d la o a m lb la p aak. Ha a a n tIo n a d t h a t ha a l | h t e s tim a te 0 .3 PP® in aome ln a ta n o a a b u t
t o bo o o n a a rv a tlv a th a a n a ly s t ra p o rts <1 ppm i f th a paak
doas n o t aaaau rv up to th a q u ite i d e n t i f i a b l e l a v a l o f 1
ppa.
Tha a n a l y t i c a l problem has n o t y o t b e e n -s o lv e d f o r th a
T -A o ld a s t a r a . Tha g e n e ra l prooadura uaad f o r th a T -A o ld a
l a to a x t r a o t tha a a a p la ( a r b i t r a r i l y about 20 grama) w ith
c h lo r o fo rm (ab o u t t o m i l l i l i t e r s ) , f i l t e r tha c h lo ro fo rm
t o remove s o lld a and wash u lt h an equ al voluam o f K /1 0
c a u s t ic to ramova any a d d l e m a t e r ia ls .
Tha c h lo ro fo rm
a x t r a o t than la fo n o e n tra ta d by e v a p o ra tio n to o n e -te n th
th a o r i g i n a l v o lu o e j th u s , tha o o n o a n tra tIo n o f th a d io x in
I n th a o h lo r o fo r a m i l l be tan tin e a h lg h a r than In tha
o r i g i n a l sam ple. Vhan tha a n a ly s is la conducted on t r l o h lo ro p h c n o l, tha m a ta r la i la d is s o lv e d In H /l c a u a tlo to
th e e x te n t o f lO jf, and t h is s o lu tio n la then e x tra o te d
u l t h th e c h lo ro fo rm and handled aa In d ic a te d a b o .e .
A q u c a tlo n waa aakad about the u t i l i s a t i o n o f d e te o to ra
o t h e r th a n th a flam e Io n is a t io n whloh la a p e c lfla d In tha
A n a l y t i c a l L a b o ra to ry w r lto -u p f o r t h la a n a ly s is .
0111
has n o t t r i e d tha n lo r o c o u lo m e trlo d e te c to r beoauae he
l a n o t a e t up to do so, but he has experim ented u l t h
e le c t r o n c a p tu re . He s ta te d th a t t h e o r e t ic a l ly t h l a u n it
s h o u ld n o t p ro vid e any g r e a ts r In c re a s e In a a n a l t l v l t y .
I n a c t u a l i t y ha found a a lig h t ln o reaae In a a n a l t l v l t y but
t h e r e a re u s u a lly too smny o h lo rln a ta d apaclaa p re s e n t
w h ic h may s a tu ra te the e le c tr o n c ap tu re c a l l whose re c o v e ry
l a to o alow to be o f p r a c t ic a l uaa. He eujcmarlsed by Bay­
in g t h a t the a lig h t ln o reaae In a a n a l t l v l t y la n o t S o rth
th a e f f o r t to aw itoh from flam e Io n is a t io n to a la o tr o n
c a p tu re .
A q u estion waa aakad about how the e x t r a c t io n la
p e rfo rm e d . 0111 s ta te d th a t I t la perform ed In a wide
m outh b o t t le on a shaker f o r one ho u r.
( I t was n ot men­
t io n e d , but I t la tha case th a t th is la dona a t room
te m p e ra tu re .) Ha mentioned th a t spiked eartplea have been

19662* !

V.

K.

.we

-

*-

M arch

29 ,

195

run t h is n i ; and the re c o v e ry ra n ja d fr o a 90 to 100 p er
c a n t.
The r a t i o o f a o lv a n t to th a a a t a r l a l b eing axtrefcod
on t h l a a ta p la not o r l t l o a l ac 0o rd ln g to 0 1 1 1 . T h e ir
■ tender'd procedure la 20 p t a i o f aaaple and lO ■ l l l l l t a n i
o f c h i o r o fo n e .
On tr lc h lo r o p h a n o l aaaplea a p a o lf lc a llf t . 20
grama o f phanol la con verted to phanata — about 10 p a r c a n t
c o n c e n tr a tio n In w a te r. Tha phanata a o lu tlo n la a itr a A a d
w ith 2 0 a l l l l l l t a r a o f c h i o ro fo n a In a s in g le e x tra o tla a n
Tha c h lo r o fo rm la than e o n o a n tra ta d ao th a t tha ooocentaafcloa
o f th a d io x i n w i l l ba ta n t la a a t h a t In th a o r i g i n a l s a ^ l a .

T te q u e s tio n o f v o l a t i l i t y o f d io x in ©aae up and R a r o l l O l l l
a t i t H t h a t tv* found ha oan d l a t i l l o -d lc h lo ro b s n ie n > a a f
fr o a ta tr o c h lo r o b a n a o d lo x ln . Ha a a Id t h a t In h la opLrtSsn
tha a a o r a t waa to a v o id d i s t i l l i n g to d ry n e aa .
A a a a b a r o f th a group aakad I f aaa p laa o f atan dard TCBBwara
a v a ila b le .
Tha anawer waa p a and 100 ag a aaplaa w a r a g r o vld ad t o ona o f tha re p r e a a n ta tlv a e f r o a aaoh company. (A
a a a p la had p ra v io u a ly bean g lv a n to D r. R a lly o f Honsajttx.)
A q u a a tlo n o f la b o r a to r y a a fe ty In tha a n a lv t l o a l work saw*
up and th a b a a lo p re c a u tio n o f w aarln g v in y l g lo vaa waa
M e n tio n e d .
I n f c r a a t lo n r e l a t i v e to the g lovaa wa uaad
waa p ro v ld a d to tha g ro u p .
D la p o a a l o f c o n ta a ln a ta d L ab o ra to ry m t a r l a l a and p la n t
a a t a r l a l a waa d la c u a a a d . Wa M entioned th a t Dow b u m a b m
s m a ll a Mount a o f w a a ta .
H aro ld 0111 a ta ta d t h a t h la 1 * o r a t o r y a tu d y o f c o a b u e tlo n ahowad th a t 99*96 p ar c a n t o f
th a d i o x i n a s a p ls waa bum ad a t 8oo*C. Wa d aa o rib a d n p
wa f a i t t h a t our p r e o tlo a o f b u rn in g s m all gMounta o f
d io x in waa a a a fa ona.
V . K. th a n o u tlin e d tha p r o je c t In which p la n t aaw pleeand
p ro d u o ta ( n o t M entioned by m m ) wara aplked w ith i m i M i
a o o u n ta o f th a TCBD. Tha aplked samples wara a p l i t fo e -th a
p u rp o se o f checkin g our a n a ly t i c a l procedures f o r reooaary
and c o r r e l a t i n g thaaa r e e u lt e w ith tha b lo -a s a a y mmthafL
The q u e s tio n o f s p e c if ic a t io n , q u a li t y c o n tro l spec 1 f i c t i o n
t h a t l a , waa ra la a d and wo were asked i f we could g iv e le v e ls
o f d i o x i n co n tam in atio n which ware p e rm is s ib le H a l t s .
V ■ K. m entioned th a t a t p re se n t we a re ualng ta r o w ith e r
c o n fid e n c e o f 1 ppa in procaaa eemplea. There waa s o w
d is c u s s io n on tha p ro b la a o f ouatoners using fin is h e d ycod u c to u n d e r f a r le e a d e s ira b le c o n d itio n s o f h e a lth c o r tro l
th a n wa can p ro vide our worknen In our own p la n t .
Thaea
•■«•»♦d t o be agreement aaong the group th a t wa could rvx
a f f o r d t o a e l l c o n ta a ln a ta d p ro d u cts.

9962

V. K
Jack
awnta

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Ib a r t
of n

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fro ai

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T.

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- 3 -

Kerch 2 9 .

19«3

Jaok r e ta rs o n then dlaouased the d a ta f r o a t n l a a l a x p a r l*
stents u a t n | pura aym m atrloal t e t ia c h lo r o b a n io d lo x ln .
Ooaaa
r a n | l o | from 2 p a r ta p a r b i l l i o n to 1000 p a r ta p a r B i l l i o n
o r ta tra o h lo ro b a n a o d lo x in in b an ian a had baan a d m in is te re d
t o th a r a b b it a a r .
Doaaga In a n a t caeaa waa 0 .1 ml p a r d ay.
B o th « in g le and M l t l p l a axpoauraa ha »a baan a tu d la d and
a a u lt lp le exposure« a d m ln le te re d on a f i v a daya p a r naak
b a a ia .
Tha a l g n l f l u n t fa o to r a in th a « to d y a ra d o««, th a
nuB bar o f a p p lic a tio n « and th a day« on a x p o iu ra o f tha
a n lm m le . Tha raaponaa tfhloh l a ra p o r t ad in th a groaa o b a r r v a t l o n o f tha c o n d itio n o f th a r a b b i t 1« a a r by th a
t o x l o o l o g i a t a . T h la doaa n o t in o lu d a p a t h o lo g ic a l fin d In g a - th a ra l a n o t anough d a ta in t h l a a ra a to d ia o u a a . Tha la v a l
o f raap o o aa rangaa fro ai nona throu g h v a ry a l i g h t , a l i g h t ,
a l i g h t t o B o d a ra ta , m oderate. laodarata to a a v a ra , a a v a ra ,
and e x tre m e ly a a v a ra . Jack in d lc a ta d to tha group t h a t
th a r a l a n o t a aha rp d a f i n l t l o n between thaaa c a te g o rie s o f
ra a p o n a a and in d lc a ta d a la o t h a t th a r a l a soma d i f f i c u l t y
In g ra p h in g t h l a typ a o f raap o n aa. Ha d a a o rlb a d th a raaponaa
f r o « a ln g la a p p llc a tio n a to th a r a b b it a a r f l r a t i
a t 100
p a r t a p a r B i l l i o n th a r a waa a a av ara raaponaa In a lg h t d ay aj
a t t o p a r ta p a r m i l l i o n th a ra aaa a a l i g h t raaponaa in
a la v a n d a y e j a t 2 0 , 10, ^ and t p a r ta p a r B i l l i o n th a ra waa
no ra a p o n a a .
Thaaa t a a ta Mara run on a ln g la r a b b lta and
m 1 t h o u t Maahlng th a m a te r ia l o f f .
Jack than dtaouaaad tha
m u l t l p l a a p p lic a t io n d a ta Mhlch ha too k f r o « h la m a jo r
g ra p h o f t h l a d a t a . Tha im p o rta n t p o ln ta t h a t ha mada f r o «
t h l a d a ta Mara f l r a t t h a t a t tha l i m i t o f VfC a a n a l t l v l t y
m a a v a r a raaponaa may ba produced.
In o th a r M orda, avan i f
th a VfC doaa n o t d a ta o t TCBO, an a n l M l raaponaa may a t l l l
o c c u r.
R la aaoond im p o rta n t p o in t Maa th a t tha In d u o tlo n
p e r io d f o r raaponaa averaged about ta n daya on tha a n lm ala
i n th a s tu d ie s .
T h a r a Maa a brief dlaouaalon than about tha air sample« that
M a r a taken In tha plant,
dllvereteln mentioned that soma
a i r aamplaa have shown activity on tha anlmala.
Tha degree
of raaponaa la alight and tha number of aamplaa that ahow
a o t l v l t y la email out of the total nunbar taken and the
a m o u n t of air that muat ba eanplad la vary much larger than
tha amount a men normally braathaa In an eight hour day.
T h a meetin g waa adjourned. Tha group than proceeded to the
T o x i c o l o g y Laboratory to view aoma of tha teat anlmala.
They
w a r e ahown rcaponaee of varying Intensity and theaa were
d e s c r i b e d . Thla demonstration appeared to have considerable
topppk

'TTrVlihfTiin
Biochemical Research Laboratory

O

1701

B uilding

LOS :a J l

I

£36620*

A & G ° 0 0 «75

&L
1■

K.

Ro m s

HL

H .
Htroh 8 9 , 19&3

V

Poataorlpt

All participant* i M n i to i p p m U t « «all Utt prob la« and all
Indicated that thay raid ratura hoa* and attwot to oonvineo
thalr a i M | * M a t to Uatltato safety specifications (really
quality control) for Clair various products In Uila area. All
•eraad that tha lnduakv should «act lta own responsibility.
All Kara sary appreoLdlve of Don's effort to atsar tha« away
fro« a ¿enter araa. H a will tall whether wa aocca^lished
our «lesion, but as efsce 1 feel satisfied with our offort
and Uta reception It «calved.

000P.7IÌ

E t C LU B

*ne M » 1 * 5

Jb S I JtllbOlJXDd
teneger
p io p r o d u c ts
| M Chemical Of Canada
t e n u , Canada

DOW CONFIDENTIAL

t,*,5-TKC2L0X0rSBiU.« TSX *T" ACX28, AXD JLSS0CUTX3 A O U O O C S

tev« not been negleetinc 7«ur reçusse for Information to d u
ij dlseusslng the subject probleo «ith Msugatuelc and the Co-Cp.
Z bave been stynled, bomever, because the aaalytleal méthode
teen changed and art la tbe proesss of belng cleared aad
rrproducrd. Z «xpect tbeo arry day, but rather tbaa M i t longer,
Z tbought Z aheuld adTl a« pou of tba situation. Z «111 s«od
p i «opias of tbeae metbods as sooa as they W o o m amllable.
t

Za regard to tbo orapall probl««, m
e are attempting to do
evm rT th ixg possible to avoid tho possible occurrence of ehlorm m in any applications Involving tbo handling or uso of t r iahloropbenol, trtcfaloropbeooxyaeetie acid aad Its derivatives.
I m yau ««11 too«, «« had a serious situation In our operating ^
pluts because of oontaalnatlon of 2,4,5-trlehloropheaol «1th *
impurities, tbo most actI ts of «hleh Is 2,3,7,8-tetrmchlorodibenxodloxin. This aatcrlal is exceptionally toxic 1 I t has a
tremendous potential for producing ehloracno aad systemic In­
jury. , If it Is present la the triehloropbcnol. It «111 bo
serried through Into tbo T acid aad Into the esters and boaee
Into formulations «hleh are to bo sold to the public. C
m of
the things «hleh ve «ant to avoid is the occurrence of any
acne la consusers. I an particularly concerned here «1th per­
sons «ho are using the asterial on a dally, repeated basis such
ss custo« operators nay use It . I f this should occur, the vbolo
2,4,3-T Industry «111 be b~*'d bit and Z «ould axpect restrictive
legislation, either barring the material or putting very rigid
controls upon It . This la the main reason why ve are so coo­
esreed that m clean up our own house fro« «Ithln, rather than
having som
eone froo without do It for us. In this may, *• can
approach the problem in an orderly manner. I f the producers
and handlers of tais material « ill cooperate, there Is m
o
reason why m cannot get this problem under strlot control wad1
thereby hopefully avoid restrictive legislation; In other words,
let us practice good eltlsenehlp. at the present tins, m
e are
•* the opinion that material containing no tetraehlorodlbenxo4^^xla *ltb a certainty of 1 ppmdoes not present an appreci­
able haasrd to consumers; likewise, m
e do not believe that sueh
b u ria l constitutes a significant baaard to persons «orbing la

* U M 3t, 1965
l^ l^ o lis n d

r truce that you »111 ^

»»rr Judie tou» 1» your us« of Wits
lofopMtloo. It could *• quit« ««barrassia* if it »*r* mlsl a t c r p m t c d or m isu sed «

T. X. **»•

SIocbeatesi JUstarofc Laboratory
1701 Buildia*
tt 6*2376
TXVjd
V*

VW »

frsdy Soldtmta
X. Asstutx
d. Oo«ryca
X. Soy!«

Corresponden«*
Cbdcr no circula canees may this l»tt»r b
»bÄio# or trot to any on* outside of Dorn.
i

<''*'*

m

•N .

*. j vj _>

J

^

7^0

^ dS+!

>7

¿ 1 -

Pó?*J Ji/fTétr

18.012

Late : -?/'//5
File:

THE CHLORACNE PROBLEM - BI OCHEM'S CONTRIBUTION

B7’
/
•¿.SS.

SUMMARY
/¡..»y ^ +*%!********

An outbreak of chloracne. in the trichlorophenol process
in 199 Building and in 3^9 Building has resulted In approximately
iiO cases of chloracne in Dow people. ‘ The outbreak was precipitated
primarily by a series of process changes which increased the pro­
duction of a chloracne-producing impurity in trichlorophenol.
Increased exposure to operating and to maintenance personnel also
contributed.

Much effort by persons in the Analytical Laboratory,

the Toxicology Laboratory, and the Environmental Research

t

laboratory h3S resulted in the Isolation and identification of one
impurity which is capable of having caused the difficult yfand has
also resulted in control of the exposure situation so that no new
cases of chloracne have appeared in the last four months.
Important questions remain to be answered.

Some

There is evidence that

other compounds than the one already Isolated and identified and
studied are capable of producing chloracne.

Their significance in

the trichlorophenol process is not yet known.
CHLORACNE
Chloracne is a skin disorder characterized by the appearance
of blackheads and small bumps.

These appear first* on the face of

the individual affected. Depending upon extent of exposure, the skin
disorder may spread to other parts of the body.

Infection and

irritation of the skin rash may cause enough discomfort of- the“
^

^

I * I

<r> r> . .

m

f w . .M » .

i

TTT T O n n M O a

/?r7l" r *

TOO()/AOa

of the trichlorophenol,cases.
Hie materials known to cause chloracne in humans are usually
chlorinated complex organic molecules.

The compound isolated from

trichlorophenol caustic insoluble oil is 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro5£^«l»e/n^c>
¿^S^rdioxin (symmetrical).

This compound and others which have been shown to cause
chloracne have also been shown by animal tests and Borne human
experience in other companies to produce liver damage if the exposure
is-more extensive.

Thus far, no liver injury has been detected by

clinical examination of the affected Dow people.
Two aspects of the ailment are distinctive and somewhat
frustrating.

First, there is a latent period of approximately two

months after sufficient exposure before the disorder is evident on
the person.

Secondly, once a person has contracted chloracne, the

recovery period is from about six months to two years for the cases
which Dow has encountered.

In some instances, the Europeans have

encountered recovery periods as long as five years before¿the man was
completely free of Jjttj^chloracne.

ZTT

2

T000/AOH

- 3 TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH

TT

In 19^1, Adams, Irish, Spencer and Rowe of the Biochemical
Research Laboratory published a paper in Industrial Medicine on The

CJ
Response of Rabbit Skin to Compounds Reported to Have Caused Acneform
4.
Dermatitis". They described the animal test using the rabbit ear,
which has been extremely valuable in the' studies of compounds which

may cause chloracne in humans.

The rabbit appears to be very sensitive

to such compounds, but it is non-specific, that, is, the folliculitis
Sr i ••til
which occurs in rabbits does not identify the particular agent. Another
shortcoming of the rabbit test is the period of time necessary for
the folliculitis to develop.

There appears to be an induction period

of approximately one week for thefdioxinV hereafter abbreviated TCCB,)
to produce folliculitis in rabbits regardless of the severity of
exposure.

There is eeeae evidence that unknown* may produce folliculitis

in .rabbits with a shorter induction period.

Before a particular test

sample is exonerated, the test is run for four weeks of repeated daily
application to the rabbit's ear.
In 19^ » research in the Benzene Research Laboratory produced
a severe case of chloracne and toxicology studies on animals showed
that the probable culprit was a chlorinated double ether produced from
the experimental solvent being studied.

At this time, samples from

the trichlorophenol process were also studied and the caustic insoluble
oil was shown to be active by the rabbit ear test.

There was no human

experience with chloracne in the trichlorophenol production group at
that time.

The/product was shown to be Inactive by animal test*.'

1

In 2955» a number of German manufacturers of trichlorophenol
and at least one French company had human experience with chloracne

D D W O O O j

- u -

that caused them to shut down production plants and to study the
problem.

►-

Their studies contributed c s b to the medical

to process improvements, but not much to the toxicology ef the situatior
The Germans

isolateJthe TC£D and ¿9. some limited animal BtudieB on

It and on some chlorinated dibenzofurans (diphenylene oxides) but this
a
T>
e
was/very limited amount of work. They-did even less 1 » the evaluattsn

VUG exposure?of their people which led to the Injuries.

7

In 1957/ a series of process samples were, acquired from 199
and 3^9 Buildings and tested on anlmalB.

The tests Indicated that the

caustic insoluble oil and coll reactor product in 199 Building were
active and that the tar from the color stills in 3^9 Building was
also active.
re-emphasized.

The precautions first recommended in 194$ were
There was still no human injury in the trichlorophenol

process.

I
i

About 1956/ impurities in trichlorophenol produced by Dow and
Hooker were isolated and studied by animal test and shown to be inactive
1
1

'

Over the years, some samples of end products such as Silvex,
^onnel, and 2,4,5-T acid have been tested on animals and in no case.
was chloracne activity detected in these products.
» -i
process a '
In 1952^ supervision of 199 Building sent/samples/ffrom the

£
!
,

then existing process and from a pilot run c^pftop'mseffi change ±n the
l

•’PgocflflfLvh 1 rfr was a decrease in the caustic concentration, in-±ba-xtai tiii^ materials.

These samples were tested on animals and again

|(i>7!

-

C

5 -

$

the caustic insoluble oil was shown to be active but no more active in

C

the new process than in the old.

The Biochem report reiterated the

^

precautions necessary in handling the oil and the change was made at

wt
»/I

199 Building.

There was still no human injury.

When the chloracne outbreak occurred in early 1964, many more
process samples were tested on animals with particular attention to the
caustic insoluble oil.

differentr

Two samples of this oil were dramatically

vela, than those tested before or since.

These two

samples killed the rabbits when applied at the same concentration as
has normally been used.

The oils had to be diluted to D»l£ concentratlo

before the animais survived and showed folliculitis.

The normal test

concentration of caustic insoluble oils up to that time had been

dilution.

10 £

Subsequent studies on the TCBD have indicated that the
fnb+l'r

amount of TCBD in these two samples of oil isfnot sufficient to cause
’
jy

the death of the animals .T In July of 1964, the rabbit ear test was

!

used for the first time on wipe samples of the building equipment and
surfaces at 199 Building.

The wipe tests Indicated extensive

contamination of 199 Building.

This test has been repeated periodically

i

to the extent that over 600 animal teBt^ have been run since loet July/*?,

^ directly related to the chloracne problem^_^
A representative oil sample was selected in August 1964 to
be fractionated in order to isolate and identify the chloracne-produclng
Jorf*

impurities.

Skelly of the Analytical Lab isolated a number of fractions

which were identified, among them the TCBD, which was also synthesized
by Skelly fronj^benzodloxin.

The two materials were identical 4*efecgec

infraredyhncirtnelting point*, and both showed extreme activity on the

}
j

-.«KKits

'Tj>

6 -

Other fractions indicated little or no activity pn the animals

pO W O O O l

-

isolated material was utilized by VPC*to standardize a /aethod for
J

detecting this impurity.

Harold Gill's group in the Analytical

Laboratory has consistently improved the VPC sensitivity in process

samples so that at .the present about 1 ppmAof TCBD may^be detected in
various process samples.

However, the animal studies have Indicated

.

£ 1 6./Aj>i (p£
that rabbits are sensitive to TCBD down to approximately 5 ppb^upoh

bJ

C

repeated application to the ear.

The rabbit test remains the most

sensitive method of detecting acnegenic activity,

Hiniisw r , Single

application studies on TCBD Indicate that parts per million are

■

necessary for a response so that VPC does provide a first step in

n

evaluating the hazard from TCBD specifically. T .
/

ny wipe samples and

^ome proa

hjinowns in the re gib n of

the TQBD

Sample^Pf chlorinated
and ruiy by/VPC./ These

dibeniofij
tL^5{|nipoynds

satfe refeloi/ as Some of

|tthesb unknown
this 3&me r
iowns \arTe trul^f thatj
wipe samples with no detectable TCBD but

ty, howfcVer^ $antr
amounts of unknowns

have shownfactivity on the animals tnajn cantoat be accounted for by the
T^G D

low level of -dioxin-which may be present.

The chloriiV ted dibenzofuranB

T O O !> M ° a

- 7 purified and tested again on animalSy^The p^jraibili^nexists that th^se

8T T

are o'ontimlnafcA ti^mLel^sb^d^rien. ^Siis pos5ibility"has TOt^^en
inves^vigataiy as yet.
More detail on the results of process sample and wipe sample
testing on animals will appear in the sections under specific building
numbers.

Tinc^h*

Studies are no© in progress on Dow and products^and those of
1

other manufacturers for acnegenic activity.

\

Thus far, no Dow «id

i
products have shown activity on animals while some other manufacturer^
end products are showing activity on animals as well as detectable

j

dioxin by VPC analysis.

!

The Analytical Laboratory and the Toxicology

Laboratory are presently conducting a project to determine the

I
i

analytical and animal test limits of sensitivity for TCBD in various
I

c

Dow products rrart-tng from trichlorophenol.

This project is aimed at
|

developing a quality control specification for -the dioxin in consumer
products.

.
!S
I
I <

199 BUILDINQ

)|
! i

!j

The first animal test: on trichlorophenol process material:

| i

was conducted in 19 ^5 i at which time the caustic insoluble mil was
shown to be active.

Precautions were recommended at that time.

second animal test took place in 1957.

The

The caustic Insoluble oil was

again active and the coil reactor product was also active.

Other

jT

process samples were not active.

!

Precautions were"recommended again

l
j

v

for handling the oil.

(K

8

GIT xoooMoa

-

-

In 19551 the C. H. Bdjringe^john £ 3 Company In Germany
asked for information from the Givaudan Corporation, which company

referred the request to Dow.

A letter describing the hazards and

precautions for safe handling of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol was sent to
Bdrlnger with a data sheet from Biochem enclosed.

The letter answered

seVen specific questions regarding our own plant experience.
In 1957 1 Bcsringer sent Dow and all other known trichlorophenol
/C*

manufacturers a letter describing the fanrtfee of. their research on
chloracne in the trichlorophenol process.

The letter described the

danger points in the process and the limits which had to be observed
in order to avoid producing acne exciter in trichlorophenol and in

0^ 5 -T acid.

A temperature limit of 150*C for the xaaetdgh was

emphasized by Bopinger.

i ^

NoH ?

In 1962, the above taentionod animal test indicated that the
caustic Insoluble oil from a 73 £ caustic process and from a 2k% caustic
process were the same in that they both produced folliculitis on animals
LO

/ViA/f/*iT '.tJ£•'

|

lor about the same aaae-r of response.

The Biochem report reiterated

the precautions but stated there was no evidence of Increased hazard in j
the new process.

j

In July 1963 , 199 Building started up on maw tetrachloro^enzen«
j

Y i

t

•*“ , < * * /

j

whlch^caused line plugging problems and increased exposure of personnel
according to the/Superintendent.
plant ran at capacity.

In November and December of 1963 , the

The caustic insoluble oil production was above

normal a«d the oil was drawn off more frequently.^It was also being
i'Jv

■'mpled regularly.
analysis.

The samples were taken to theflao for freezing point

The temperature at which the plant process was run was also
! I
ifP-

c

- 9 h
l « r « 5' d ''

^

$

Il
January 1964, the flr8t ®edlcal report of %fee case of
ted'survey by the Environmental Research Laboratory.

;illoracne

'— j *ui«»rmhpnOl
trichlorophenol

hygiene habits.

Some changes

chances
6

^
the

0sely
procedure
an* and
< a report

survey got under way.

115 pers°nal

in the «¿J,
o n ^draw-off eoul

procedure were already in itiated
we

c

Tbe/operatort job was studied clos

issued on 2/5 /&f recommending

H
M

before the
in the spring of i96J(

ip®«nt and
* r0n“ eatal Re«arch

insoluble
oil the
samples
whichUlled
animals were taken at the plant.
re oade by
fhoeni,
S p r in g the
Coopany
Cb* ” S*‘

*’* * « - the caustic

In ^ly 1964, the first wipe samples were taken.
be extensively contaminated.
zo

m 0 activity was

The .building was found

Some air sampling was begun at this

found in the air samples.

In August 1964, VPC

tine.
-r-f.cfcj*
-rc*2>
.* detected m tia'
uhl orobens cdioxin», phe oil was fractionated, tbs d^o^in***»

A
isolated and identified, and was also synthesized.

In

0 fT~
of 1964/

k>S

u»e» eae&e of rtilciame appearod.

Phoenix Sprinkler men, some area

shop people, and moro 199 Building employees developed chloracne.
samples indicated continued contamination.
were undertaken.

Wipe

Extensive clean-up measures

Wipe samples showed improvement but not complete

elimination of the contamination,

fllr nnnnlrn.

in late

October 1964, there was a flare-up of some existing ctyloraene cases in
199 Building people.

ThlB was brought on by exposure to hot fumes from

a screen in the phenate product line.

Animal tests, showed that this

phenate was active and that the screen residue was extremely active.
This phenate went to 349 Building and is the probable cause of the

¡13

10 ?*{*'

three cases w h i c h e v e n t u a l l y a p p e a r e d In 3^9 B u i l d i n g f

A bout N o v e m b e r

1

196 -U, v e r y s t r i n g e n t safety p r e c a u t i o n s w e r e i n s t i t u t e d in 199 Building.
These i n c l u d e d a fu l l - t i m e h e a l t h s u p e r v i s o r

w h o s e Job was to

XZX m n n A A o n

-

review e a c h a n d e v e r y m a i n t e n a n c e or i n s t a l l a t i o n J o b ^ l» t h e g c e otsor
r__ _ to s p e c i f y the d e t a i l e d s a f e t y p r o c e d u r e s w h i c h the m e n s h o u l d
follow.

C l e a n - u p a c t i v i t y c o n t i n u e d a n d e x t e n s i v e m o d i f i c a t i o n s of

equipment a n d the

b u i l d i n g of an e n c l o s u r e a r o u n d p a r t s of the p r o c e s s
G iftr r e ­
took p l a c e in N o v e m b e r and D e c e m b e r of 1964.
iiltiirr.-My hundredfl-of

outside p e r s o n n e l w e r e involved.

W ipe t ests i n d i c a t e d i m p r o v e m e n t L i n

the c o n t a m i n a t i o n sit u a t i o n an d a i r samp l e s

a

s h o w e d no a c t i v i t y on

the animals.'
In 1965,

the fu l l - t i m e h e a l t h s u p e r v i s i o n c o n t i n u e s .

VP C

analysis is no w b e i n g u s e d for q u a l i t y c o n t r o l of the p h e n a t e l e a v i n g
the building.

W i p e tests show s u b s t a n t i a l i m p r o vement.

However,

ai r samples are b e g i n n i n g to show a c t i v i t y on the a n i m a l B ,

although

onl y one a i r sample thus fa r has s hown d e t e c t a b l e d i o x i n b y X P C
analysis.

A v e r y s i g n i f i c a n t f a c t o r is that to the p r e s e n t date,

t here ;

I
have been no new c ases of c h l o r a c n e

since the i n s t i t u t i o n of t h e f u l l - t i

health s u p e r v i s i o n an d extr e m e s a f e t y p r e c a u t i o n s .
a p p eared at Medi c a l since that date,

Tw o c a s e s h a v e

but b o t h of t h e s e h a v e s h o w n that

J
|
;

l
the individuals w ere in the area an d h a d p o s s i b l e e x p o s u r e p r i o r to the
November

1 st date.

Since the i n d u c t i o n p e r i o d in p e o p l e is a b o u t t w o

1
;

months, an d it is now a p p r o x i m a t e l y t &e*e m o n t h s s ince t h e h e i g h t # ' o f
activity in

199 w i t h the m a n y o u t s i d e p e r s o n n e l , t h e r e is e v i d e n c e that ,

the safety p r e c a u t i o n s w h i c h w e r e uBed were s a t i s f a c t o r y .
p r e c a utions a r e b e i n g continued ,on Jobs in 199 Bu i l d i n g .

These

1
\

1 1

ZZl TODO M O O

-

-

349 BUILDING
Sodium trichlorophenate from 199 Building la received -by

32^9 Building where it is neutralized^

a ten-fold con-

centration of the material to provide crude trichlorophenol.

”wet feed" is Jfcktt through a drying column; the "dry oil
distilled in two color stills.

'

This

iB then

.
-f

The first animal tests run on 349^samples in 1957 indicated
activity only in the tar from the color stills.-

This was mild activity,

less than that demonstrated by the caustic insoluble oil at 199 Building
Similar samples taken in early 1964 again showed the tar from the color
stills to be active.

Samples taken in October 1964 showed activity in

-

-

the wet feed,rthe dry oil and again^the tar from the color stills.

The

product was still not active, on animals... Samples taken in November 1964

7

l

showed activity again in the wet feedl^he dry oil and the product «ss
Inactive.

The degree of activity in the crude material^ was less than

that in the October samples.
The contaminated phenate mantlenod above, at the end of
October 1964/1was processed by 349 Building.

She -act!■«!Lies uf^Tg^r

,
-

pipe fitters and an operator at 349 ^ n early November^invol'ved cleanjjnglines and changing- valves in lines which had carried the contaminated
phenate.

The actual exposure that brought on chloracne in the 349

Building personnel .is not definitely established but this is the most

j

likely situation which could have caused it.

i

In early November, Clare Bailey, 349 Building Superintendent,
issued a written sheet describing precautions to be taken because of the
I

1 2

T

otential hazard.

This resulted from the 199 experience and was

romulgated on Bailey's initiative as a precautionary measure.

About

the first of this year, 1965 , objections by worlcmen to working in 349
caused

the adoption of full-scale protective measures in that building

in r e g a r d to the trichlorophenol process.

Tnm/^OCJ

-

P
N
&

Further complaintB caused

the e x t e n s i o n of such precautions to the entire reactor room, including
the bisphenol process.

Wipe tests eventually indicated that the

QKtU'A'
bisphenol^ i«" free of contamination.

In fact, only limited areas of

the trichlorophenol section show contamination.

Clean-up and further

wipe tests are being delayed until process equipment has been moved to
a new location outside the work area of 3^9 Building.

Extensive clean-uj

will be necessary in the alleyway behind 3^9 because of contamination
‘rom the trichlorophenol tar.
A health supervisor is now stationed at 3^9 Building and full
precautions, are being taken on any Jobs where exposure is possible. Onlj
S
\J f
three c^bes^have shown up at 3^9 thus far, none since the incident in
early November.
Composite samples of finished trichlorophenol from 3^9 have
been run on anlmalB at either a 10£ or l£ concentration in Dowanol.EM.
Under these conditions, no finished product from 3^9 has shown activity
on animals.

Quite recently, VPC has succeeded in lowering sensitivity

•f foar TCBD in trichlorophenol to about 1 ppm.

Ihey have since

analyzed some retainer samples and found some with detectable
plus unknowns that appear in the same place as the chlorinated benzofurai
These samples were extracted with chloroform for analysis.

The chlorofoj

tracts, wheiTplaced on rabbits'ears, are showing activity.

1%

O

■ 13 -

\

Another tar, the catch-all tar In 3^9* has shown some slight
activity on animals.
for 265 Building.

^

This is the residue from catch-all distillation

The "catch-all" material itself did not show activity

■

The tar from the dichlor still was not active.

Tar, cmide product and

final product from the Dowicide 3 processor? currently being studied
on animals.f Bowielde 3 in the past'has beerf regarded as a potential
chloracne-producing material.
267 BUILDING
Finished trichlorophenol from 3^9 is processed in 267 Building
to 2,4,5-T acid and to 2,4,5-T esters.
Process samples taken in early 1965 showed no activity with one
exception.

The residue from the sodium salt filter press showed slight

activity'on the rabbit ear.
LÀ-?

p Wlpe^teste in 267 Building are still in progress but show no

activity at this date.

bjJL*

Hyman experience in 267^ would, indicates no problem in the past,
but the eiee usietane.ee of exposure/ lead-te-grave -eonoorn over-fwt-ure
.*

I

pjoblens if contaminated materials are processed at 267 Building.
I

263 BUILDING
A number of Dowicides are produced and packaged in 265 Building
Pentachlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, and others are among the products.'
Penta- and tetra- have long^been known to be capable of causing chloracn«
-She /¿uman experience at 265/»h£s Indicated no particular problem; only an
occasional caseylthrough the years has been reported at Medical.

At the

isent time, two Individuals, an operator and*plpe fitter have been

reported to

1 4

-

have mild cases of chloracne.

Process samples are currently being studied on
No

Tnn,.vM

-

animals.

wipe testing has been done as yet at 265 Building,ttstflT.
266 BUILDING
Three cases of chloracne have been reported from 266 Building.

None of the processes or materials in 266 Building have been known to
cause

ip t h e past.

chloracne

ir>yrg,K1pa1~ l
samples/
animals

*~-i—

Its proximity to the Dowicide plant fcee- T

tests in
in 266
266 Building
Building v
A ^.Croces
roce s
ijn tests
vi iIiii_ijT -bipe

parahydroxybenzaldehyde process have also been tested on
since the most significant case is in an operator on this proces

None of the process samples were active; only one wipe test(on the mobilelevator in the warehouse sectionj was active on animals.
has been decontaminated and painted.

This elevator

It is difficult to explain the

contact which resulted in theBe three cases of chloracne.
206 BUILDING
*

This building has three cases of chloracne in operators who hav«

worked on the finishing and packaging end of the 6X process.

6x has bee:
\

known as a chloracne-producing material for many years.

The cases in th

building were reported to Medical in the middle of 1964.

Study of the

I
i

finishing end, distillation and drumming-off of 6X, indicated numerous
qpportunities for exposure.

The process was not running on 6X Itself, bu

on ¿Apocuoy material using the same equipment and the circumstances as
^drifWui l u u .

Wipe tests were made of the equipment and area but no

6X contamination.

TOO0AA00

-

15 -

This equipment is presently being cleaned up for

other service, precautions are being taken.
The Dowlcide 3 process will soon be moved, in its entirety, to
206 Building.

Plans have been made to study it thoroughly in its

initial operation in 206 Building. '
206 Building is a neighbor of 199 Building and for this reason
the question of neighborhood contamination from 199 was Investigated by
means of wipe tests in Bpots likely to have been contaminated by

effluents.

None of these wipe tests were active.

199

Some wipe teats at 199

Itself indicated a rather quick drop-off of activity with distance from

1

the vent on the roof of 199 which was the source of roof contamination
at that building.
1603 BUILDING
Bradley’s group in Chem^hysics Research Laboratory has been
D *-

studying variations offtrichlorophenol process.

Two of the group

contracted severe cases of chloracne about two and one-half years ago

i

as the result of exposure during laboratory runs.

J

Their former work

area in 294 Building and their present work area in 1603 Building were
wipe tested and no active samples were found in either place.

j

1

Laboratory samples have been submitted by this group occasionall1
'

l

in the last two years, appraarj mafce-£yr~ Many of these samples have demon- •
strated activity on the animals.

!

BUILDING

K

widiger’s group in/Benzene Research Lab has been studying the
~ ’Trent trichlorophenol process.
work areas in bjk Building.

Wipe samples have been taken of the

Those that have been completed showed no

16

DOWiiuUi

-

-

activity.
703 BUILDING

127

The Waste Disposal Department bandies the caustic Insoluble
oil from 199 Building and the tar from 3^9 Building, both of which are
active.

Wipe samples have been taken in the tar burner area.

Soil

samples were also tested and wipe samples of the vertical tar burner

are in process.
burner.

Some activity was found on an area around the tar

Waste Disposal haB been advised of necessary precautions.
Other possibly contaminated effluents have been discussed with

the Waste Water group of Waste Disposal and arrangements made for
necessary precautions when called for by work on waste disposal lines.

Larry Silverstein
Manch 10, 1965

Jd
i

** *+ w

I.

225

L 2k

c^S ft
TRICAT-ORGPHENOL SL'MMARV

... J l i 4hLjjzzfb.<2tAi:S>rQ2 wcq r s

0

1

O

cc
ro
es
-U

£/lr-.fr,:;nenoi and derivatives pic-cucers ai*« Hew. Monsanto,
HsrcvJ^s Diamond and Hooker. Dow and Hooker isolate and d istill
■rf'-u tri-tMerophenol prior to sa le s and use, and analyses of sam ples
cf- their sales products show no exciter present. It is suspected that
A î-fculis a^so d istills the trichlorophenol as sam ples of their 2, 4, 5-T
af. id shows _no exciter. Diamond and Monsanto do not isolate the t r ic .io n ;..'.er.ol to purify it, but make a ll derivatives from the sodium sa lt.
Analysis of -Monsanto's 2 , 4 , 5-T acid shows 3 - 8 ppm, e x c ite r , and
analyses of Diamond's sodiumtrichlorophenate shows 6 - 2 4 ppm. e x citer
II. P

r

t knowledge of Toxicology

‘.'here are publications in the m edical journals alleging chloracne
response from 2 , 4 , 5-T acid and derivatives. Based on our d a ti, we
eon r ^ d ily see th .i such a response can occur from impure 2, 4 , 5 -T ,
- tka pure 2, 4 , 5-T w ill not give th is response. We ¿an identify oneof the so-called exciters as 2 , 3 , 7 , 8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxiit. It has
j*en u?olated froze the Dow trichlorophenol operation and has been
synthesised. Chemical structure and biological activity of each has fea&n
cenfir<nfr2. it is one of the m ost toxic m aterials known causing not onuy
sxm lesiv rs. but also liver damage. We have demonstrated positive
action *x40. parts per billion and equivocal resu lts at 4. 0 pa rts per billion.
We have dev ..-loped a quantitative analytical procedure which wi*l analyze
fo r the excl.er at 1 .0 ppm. sen sitivity. Over 500 sam p les havo been
analyzed A.r»d biologically checked to date. We have also Isolated and
identified tfte unsym m etrical tetrachlorodibenzodioxin and it is p resen tly
l.;ing checked for biological activity. In addition to the identifiable
m aterials, VPC shows som e 15 additional compounds which are of
•mkhev'n activity and identity. Further research is required to isolat*.
md ic.. ..tify these m aterials to determ ine their significance. The m issin g •
. .k i this entire study is that there is no quantitative relationship to
—:im_i response and human response at the present tim e.
Lu. Contacts with Triehloronhenol Producers
V.
K. Rowe has had telephone conversations with the M edical
Director ...nd A ssistant Medical D irector at Monsanto and the C hief
T oxicologist or H ercules. Rowe has discussed the problem and has given
them our analytical methods. These men want to follow through on this
problem .-.a are in favor of a meeting with a ll the trichlorophenol
produce : i. Since Rowe has no contacts at Hooker and Diamond. Lou
Corbin u: f. ¿products Sales w ill make these contacts requesting their
designate;, .jet In touch with V. K. Rowe. This w ill be done M arch 1, 1965.
Rowe will i sou ss the problem, invite them to the meeting« and offer
our anal.>...w«il methods.
IV.

Pr^.-Kased Meeting of Tricnloroohenol Producers
A

J

of the trichlorophenol producers i s ten tatively scheduled

ua
a*
CO

2-

1,

Dow review the literature on the su b ject.

2.

Dow d iscu ss the toxicological data, we have to date.

3.

Dow to s e ll the group on the idea the in d u stry m ust
police itse lf or the government w ill.

4.

If the producers accept th is philosophy, d e cid e if
we should and who should go to the appropriate
fed eral government agencies.

DOW 019295

-

V. Status with Boehringer of Germany
In D ecem ber 1964, Dow sent a team to B o eh rin g er of
Germany to d iscu ss the chloracne problem . B oehringer had th e sam e
problem, solved it, and have operated 3 years sa fely . In O erm r iy a
verbal secrecy agreem ent was made to the effect that a ll o r a l and w ritten
process know-how receiv ed from Boehringer would be held s e c r e t by Dow
for 10 years and Dow would pay $35. 000 for its uae. The te a m r e c e iv e d
Boehringer's process d etails and flow sh eets while in G erm any and v a r io u s *
pieces of correspondence since they returned. Our new plant is design ed
on the basis of this know-how. At the present tim e a w ritten , le g a l s e c r e c y
agreement is being negotiated.

J. D. Doedens
Chemicals Department
March 1, 1965
eb.
cc: V. K. Rowe

[U

■ e f V*

'» . •.

■I
TOTAL P -05

^ X b Uc A Â ^

DOW

C H E M IC A L

C O M P A N Y

MIDLAND, Michigan
August Id , 1966

f>OV/ 7 4 G b

THE

re
e
c. a . Highhill
2,4-3 riant
489 Building
cc:

Org. Chem. Fredn., 258 Building
C. Amstutz, Herbicide Section, 441 Building
I. Chase, 2,c-D Products, 469 Building
B. Holder, M.D., Medical Department, 607 Bull
W. V.'ilson, Safety Department, 4C1 Building
K. Rowe, Biochemical Research Laboratory

E. C. Staehling,

F.
F.
B.
A.
V.

I would like samples from ycur first run with 2,4,5trichlorophenol in the direct ester orocess.
The animal
test will detect the presence of chicracne-producing
compounds.
Please send me a sample of the final product and any
intermediates that you think snculd be tested.
If
activity is detected, the intermediate may tell us
where the trouble starts.
Because of the concern accut c.nlcracne, I think we should
run animal tests on 2,4,5-T enters for a time to prove
the lack of hazard, even if zne first tests are negative.

L. G. Silverstein
Biochemical Research Labora
1701 Building

T H E

D O W

C H E M I C A L

yTDIAND DIVISION
April 25, 1967

X. E.

C O M P A N Y

-

.ìójo

Coulter

Midland Division Research & Development
566 Buildins
• >v*r.r , •

CHLORAONE R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M

History of Chloracne Incffences at Dow:
Hi storically, Dow Cnemics] has been involved in chloracnc
incidences ever since Dow began the production of chlororh r.ols.
At first, the commercial production of chlorophenols was*
conducted at 2C6 Building. During the period 193^-36 there
was a severe outbreak among the employees which resulted in
an unsuccessful lawsuit. The chloracne incidents were traced
back to poor working conditions and the manufacture of
yxS»iTS
Dowicide P. The manufacture of Dowicide P has since been
terminated.
New and improved working facilities for the
*
0f
5 i'.
Dovricide
group
were
constructed
at
265
Building
in
19^0.
£pOW. 6
vIn the late 1930’s, Ties Stoesser in 2QA lab got a serious
chloracne attack from chlorinated diphenylene oxide. Drastic
‘-"'■■•treatments were used to cure this incident and no further work
va'» cone on this series of compounds. It is suspected that
many of the other incidentrs of chloracne are caused by
chlorinated diphenylene oxides or analogues thereof.
In the next ten years, another unfortunate situation occurred
,.ir\ the chloracne situation. Some of the Dow customers complained
abcut dermatitis and/or chloracne from the use of Dow’s
Dowicide 3» 1 understand financial adjustments were made and'
Dov/3/+
th<5 production of Dovricide 3 terminated. A purified material
tlif/0 Ch m *' of related structure is-now cold as Dowicide 31 and 32.

PHiHtL

During the period 19^0-65, the product 6 x (diphenyl oxid-.'
chlorinated to the he;ca level) va 3 manufactured at 206 Building
and at least one severe case of chloracne occurred because
of this product. The production of 6X has been terminated.
In the research lab at 172 Building, there were some cases of
chloracne from research exposures. In one case, a severe case
resulted from the recycling of residues from the manufacture
of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol using glycol as a'solvent. In another
case, several mild cases occurred hydrolyzing polychlorobenr.enes
using aqueous caustic at high temperature. The Chemical Fhyr.ics
Lab had several incidences of chloracne from the recycling of
caustic insolubles in the alcoholic caustic hydrolysis of
tetrachlorobenzene.

In 1953> the 2, 4,5-trichlorophenol hydrolysis step at 19 9 Euildir.
was modified for' economy and safety reasons from the use of 100^
caustic to 235« caustic. The rabbit test for chloracnigcns in the
caustic insolubles obtained from a pilot run at this time indicatt
that the test response for chloracnigens showed no difference
between caustic insolubles obtained by either procedure. Ifciring
the latter part of 19^3, the production department, in order to
increase capacity, raised the reaction temperature and increased
the throughput. This meant that more caustic insolubles were
produced, and more Dempster loadings had to be made. This meant
that employees had more exposures to the caustic insolubles, and
the caustic insolubles due to the higher temperature had larger
concentrations of chloracnigens. Thus the higher concentration
of chloracnigens and the more frequent exposure caused many mild
incidences of chloracne in 199 Building and two severe cases (LTI1
In 1906, a new process (Boehringer) was put into operation using
a batch reactor at low temperature, and so far has operated satis­
factorily.
v '*'
After they started up their Dowicide plant, the Canadians began
to experience chloracne incidences in their employees. In Midlanc
more than half of the Dowicide employees have chloracne of varying
intensity and it is impossible to say when or where these incidenc
occurred.
Research Program in Progress for Chloracne Reduction:
-Because of the prevailing existence of chloracne in the Dowicide
plants and a sincere desire to reduce or eliminate this, research
has been initiated in 1966 on this' problem. Progress has been
slow due to the complexity of the problem. The problem involves
isolation and determination of the identity of the chloracnigens.
After being properly identified, work can progress on its recuctic
or elimination in the process.
In commenting on chloracne, we must keep in mind that chloracne \
is a cosmetic evidence of the attack and serious liver damage,
is an invisible effect of the attack. Rabbit ear tests are a
positive sensitive method of determining the chloracne activity
of chlorophenol impurities.
Present Knowledge of Chloracnigens:
Compound

Activity
2,3,7 ,8 Tetrachloro - Very positi

Cl
Cl

Cl 1 - 3 - Not active
C1s -t - Possibly some cpds. activ
Cle - Not active

Very active

Activity

Very active

Cl^_^

- Unknovm activity

Cli-2

- Unknovm activity

Cls-e

- Some very active

CXt-e

- Some activity?

Cla +

- Some activity

Materials possessing unexplained chloracne activity:
- Some Midland batches are mild
-..-r-p reactive
Many Canadian batches are mireactive
... _

NaOH^

Dowicide G
All sludges are active

....Compound

*-• Activity

>203*

_ ----- >

. . . .

..... All decompositions are acti-,

C li -s
I/-'

— OH -He-.t ,
i5 o sc:

Some have activity

CI3-5
Midland Research Program on Chloracne:

The following chloracne activity fractions are being examined
for isolation, identification,' and minimization of chloracne
activity. Unfortunately, due to shortage of technical help,
the program is proceeding quite slowly.
1.

Dichlo'rophenol still residue.

2.

Pentachlorophenol process samples.
&. Dowicide 6 and 7 "active” batches.
b. Dowicide G sludge.

.-..y

c.

c

Dowicide G scrubber sludge.

The method of research is t o ‘first concentrate the sample (remove
•chlorophenols); then fractionate by chromatography; test fraction
on rabbits, then further fractionate by chromatography, then test
fraction on rabbits; etc., then determine structure by micro
analysis; then determine method of analysis in original sample; and
then investigate process changes which will minimize the chloracnigens in the process.
..si'.
r .w r

■ feti:

•

The Benzene Research Lab.and the Biochem Research Lab are collabora
ting in this project. The Benzene Research Lab does the chemical
research and the Biochem Research Lab does thé testing on the
rabbits on their charge.

*■

Alex Tiidiger
Benzene Research Laboratory
474 Building
Je

cc:

W. H. Haberstroh. 474 Bldg.
R. C. Sauers, 47* Bldg.
S. L. Bender,' 172 Blcg.
E. C. Staehling, 253 Bldg.
L. Silversteir., 1701 Bldg.

\%1

f/p
l
ConCeil

THOMPSON CHEMICAL COMPANY, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI
C a itij» r% ia ry ¿ , 1 9 6 7 .

. J . l/|c.Cay i n i ^ r r ^ C ir.a th a t a J-:r. —

5.

r c c k l ^ y o f In n ..-ip so». C «•.so-.lt.Hl
< a l l j d I c ; v ir.ijc a fir» ~ t h a t th e y
b a d h a d a a s c c i h e n t a a a -a < ia f« d v.Ath th u m m u l i i t u r f s i t t i < fc’. o r o p h e c i I , fin d t h a t i h i y h a d io rr .o 'ru*n « K b w h i t th e y th o u g h t vraa
c c l a r a c r .^ . T h e y w o o c o r i 'd i i w e c o d e a d v i c e th e n * In r e g a r d to
m e d i c a l p r s c t l r o . I c s c t a c t u d D r . t i s '.d e r , v/£»o t h a n t a l i a i i M r .
h u c h i e y ftn d C .o e c a o e c w ith h im t.-v\:cicai a s p e c t s o f th e p r o b l e m .
I t Jo ;u y b r j d a r a l a t d i r ^ i.* c M ~ r . t io id a r t h a i M r . C u c k lo y th u a
.
o la ir t * d t a l h l o j e b o n * th«- r h e m l » t r y of th is m a t e r i a l , a n d D r . t io ld e r
. * ° £ £ * * , *<i th a t be c o n t a c t m e In r e g a r d !•* a n y t h in * alcJig th is lin o .

I;

'
•/■'v--'
.- .

‘

»‘‘a o r about T cb ru ary 7 M r. Jlucitley ca lle d a n fo t< « ■what wo Itsaw
- »bout ch lorarn r cauretl by ccrtar* wllh .v o te r ia l« asiKscist^d svllh
‘ _*h® m anufacture cJ t/Ichloropber-ol from tetra chlorsb en scr.«, 1
told him that u td o r C ertain elrcum aLnnroe, width, t did iw»t rfsscrlb »,
c a u stic tasoJuLJ» o ils could ccatain c o c sld e r u b le am ounts of a
• •- v e r y highly toadc fcubslanx« wWcb w s had Identified ao 2 ,3 , 7 , 0 - '

' t*fracli!orodlbensc<lloais* 1 indicated to him that this malarial was
hot oniy ertrrsmsly taalc oystemicaJly, be* t* was also an entromcly
* petoti cblaraccogsa.~rria Jeilcastd that Shay bad been dlatilllag soma
o ils o r Sara ccrtaialng anlaolsa when the operalloo got out of control,
and the c=u*vlal either e x ile d or oplkssad o d a a bot astacLavo* lie
• thought that ths fum es oad vapors ol iha anlaclra had caused ffaair
. dldcullj'» Ztold him 1 did act Chlci tiu ncao vaa cacssd by
.. •_aalaolau, b d rather by ether m tierlala pro aa at ta tU* aid sol«».

♦-a

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MIDLAND. MICHIGAN
July 25, 1967

K
z
O
o
*0

I
W. J. McCoy
Byproducts Solas
BPC

I

»ca
a
çd

o
(3

..V \
ip-:- -rt

'J

ec: W. L. Corbin, BPC
«% ■ / .

2,'4,5-T FORMULATIONS

I

I appreciate very much your nota of 7/17/67 in which you informed me
that soma Diamond m aterial has apparently caused aerlous akin prob­
lem s among people applying the m aterial. This goes along with a
I ip.r. report that recently appeared in the South American literature which
states that m aterials of this nature have also bean noted to have
caused sim ilar dlfftcultiaa. -. I am enclosing a copy of this publication
I • ¿.TV*. V.-J.for your information.''‘''-\:
— l- .
¿ î f Z

I

fcSi

.' It would appear that our predictions of a few years ago are beginning
"~:.C to come to pass, unfortunately. Frankly, I am mighty glad that we
•’‘/ took the position w e did.
. /•
...
.j

î&xriçy**.

I

*-W -

-i*v"Pleaee continue to keep me informed as best you can.
-a .

'-*■v* • • •

••

V. K. Rowe
Biochemical R esearch Laboratory
1803 Building
Uuac v . -

.•

-

O O 1)

BFFICE COP';
Biochemical Research Laboratory

File:
Date:
By:

h l o r a c n e PROBLEM
o h T SASKATCHEWAN

AT
PLANT,
OW CHEMICAL OF CANADA

signed

'-c/
. ;T~\
L / - '•
-■’
¿'S - -

becked

T2.1-18-2
3/21/6?
L. G. Sllverstein

o
Date

3

Date

? •

6 *7

CT*
O
*>4
•Q
-O

8GGÍ)t>¿MOn

The Dow Chemical Company

PROBLEM
Workmen In Fort Saskatchewan have experienced chloracne.
here may be another skin rash problem related to the weed killer
peratior, but this has not been diagnosed definitely by a physician.

FINDINGS
An acnegen was found to be present In some process samples,
specifically the Dowlclde G product in the reactor and the
Dowlclde G product at the packaging location.

In addition,

a sample of crude dichlorcoheno1 showed slight to moderate
activity, and the caustic insolubles in the G Liquor settling
tank showed severe acnegenlc activity in the rabbit test.
No acnegenlc activity was found on a series of wipe tests taken
In the G and weed killer building.
-aboratory' studies on the decomposition cf chlorinated phenols
na.e indicated the definite possibility of an acne hazard from
overneated cr decomDosed materials.

\^(

RESTRICTED:

for use within The Dow Chemical Company only.

2

CONCLUSIONS
There is not enough exposure during normal operations to active
materials to explain the degree of chloracne seen in workmen
at Fort Saskatchewan.
The housekeeping observed and in the wipe samples I collected
during my visit in October of 1965_ indicated satisfactory
housekeeping in the penta and weed killer plant.

Unusual exposure from maintenance or clean-out of equipment
such as the dryer, or from accidents such as overheating of the
dryer may have caused the severity of skin reaction noted in
the workmen.
Personal cleanliness is of primary importance in avoiding skin
problems and minimizing their severity once encountered.

The

instructions on the second page of tfce operator's manual for
■yrr Saskatchewan should be followed conscientiously:

"Dow

wil. Drovlde a comDlete change of clothing for each operator,
each day^

This clothing including shoes, hats and gloves must

re left in the lockers provided.

To assure adequate cleanliness

^nd hygiene, a shower must he t-.^en by each operator prior tc
.s leaving the ComDany n-'emiseu at th® end of each shift."
'scuss ions during my ■.■'.nit in : etcher,

1 9 ^5 . indicated that

pr recure had been r>*la.v.e>: or at least net enforced by

*
*
3

*
suDervision.

«

It is my firm opinion that this is the most

important step that management can ta^.e toward improving

«
«

the situation.

_

A n y '

**
tir

unusual exposure should require immediate and thorough

shower and change of clothes from the skin out to minimize

«

the Drobability of injury.

If exposure to airborne fume

or dust, for e x a m d e from the dryer during clean-out, is to
m

be encountered, an air supplied hood shouic be a required
item of clothing. . Men should net be allowed to work in the

n

^

protected from inhalation of the airborne material.

*

i

vicinity of such an unusual exposure unless they too are

6.

t
A clinical definition of the skin rash described by Kasanovich
would be very helpful in determining if there is a second

i

«

problem on the weed killer side.
7-

Skin condition of the workmen afflicted should be followed
clinically in order'to determine 3f progress is being made in

i

eliminating the skin condition.

i
i
i
i
l<?3

i

^ T2 ^
"P o w ic id e
c h a -a c te rize d

by

b u m p s . ••

b la c k h e a d s

tn e

in d iv io u a l

a f f lic t e d ,

the

boc” .

c o n c ilie r

an

The

o ccu p atio n al

D c w ic id e

G

(so ciu m
Fort

'oe r i e n c e d
p*?cess

the

lac k

o f

the

most

It

d if f ic u lt

workm en
ohat
;f

at

is ,

th e

to

7 c rt

to

th e

beer

th e

a

s k in

a p-via r i n g

s p re a d brg

re c o g ri ten
cue t i e r

lo --.ic ld e

f

S askatch ew an

w ire

te s ts

in

w ip e s

2 .

A ll

the

tim e

o f

a c t iv it y

f

at

a c t iv it y

in

th e

on

c o n d itio n
th e

to

o th e r

f o r

many

^ o v ic id e s ,

the

S askatch ew an

i f

o r - : res:-;

its

the-

^

fa c e

o f

p a rts
ye ars

<1

o f

O

as

o

e s o e c ir.- ly

th e

s e v e rity
t h e ir

s u m m a rize d

o f

r r o r je t
u lu s

th e

s o lid
<,f

in

e : : r v ' ; u r*e

s la n t

was

ms t e r *. r-. .1 r

good.

samples,

and

p h y s ic a l

n atu re

G ; make

e h lo ra c n e
was

j.

a c t iv it y

D c w ic id e

th e

on

T a b le

S askatch ew an

h o u s e k e e p in g

a m

has

tve s t s

v.w r . - c m e n .

■:

-u r-e y

is ,

n ia n t

fre e

sa m p le s ,

th a t

ra tio n a li;:«

c \t..r

are

process

w ip e

expo sure:

norm al

on.

cnJ r:-icne ir:

T a b le

lik e ly

in

" ro u tin e ,"

norm al

o p e ra tio n

p la n t.

on
^ “ o .u b ie s
to

o f

m ile

the

o f

ir

r- m ?•» r t

in

th a t
The

has

l~

re r.ta c h lo r-:-p r.e ra te ; .

s e rie s

s u rm a rize d

in d ic a tin g

f

bumos

s o m e tim e s

u u t b r e a ■•*

sam p les

c h lo ra rh e .

and

. - a s . -dite.r e w a n

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A
are

hazard

^^

in

the
the

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0

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to

T a b le

may

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c ry e r,

5

T o w ic ld e

-he

oerhaos
b o u g h t

the

o.
c le a n in g

or.

bn»»

out

G

p o s s ib ility
o r

its

fum es

....

re s ic u ?

th e

G

^renounced

th a t

in

L iq u o "

e ith e r

c le a n in g

s e ttlin g

th lo ra tn fe .

r.o n rc u tir.e

in

th e

d u rin g
out

th e
~

ta n k
persons

CP
*£*
o
ro

a ffe c te d .

th ere

may

prom

the

be

seccr.c

o p e ra tio n .
♦ ■ -

men.

T h is

on

ra th e r

does

and

was

was

added

sound

lik e

to

the

p e te r

w ith

C a re fu l
th is

w ith -

Is

not

w h ic h

2 ,^ -T
process

p ro b le m .

rash

tv

p e te r

-e Is ted

to

th e

by

a

c lin ic a l

to

th e

re la te d

tr

o ccu rred

in

u ro a u c tlo n .
to

rem ove
o f

th e

weed

o f

r

a

and

and

o f

and
b e in g

o f f

c h lo ra c n e .

M id la n d

ud-

k i l l e r

appears

w o n tin g

'-.'hen

K a s a n o v ic h

e x a m in a tio n

rash

c h a r a c te r is tic

im p ro vem en t

a tte n tio n

h is

K a s a n o v ic h

and

is

rash

2 ,^ -D

a lo n g

e lim in a te

c la r if y in g

T h is
a

o f

p ro b lem

p ro m p tly

a s so ciate d

d is a p D ^ a re d

may

to

w eek-en d s.

I t

s k in

neecs

A c c o rd in g

d ^ a o p ea rs
w ork

a

d e s c -ip tio n

many

years

ago

b le a c h in g

step

c o lo r

rash

th e

o ro d u c t.

n o u s e te e o in g

and

°
*

personal c le a n lin e s s

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amo le
umber

S e m o le

F e s e r i o r Io n

AdoI . /

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V o . Fays

Response

10/19

Moderate

«

.Sodium.

2 , ii-d ic h lo r o p h e n a t e

r e s i du?

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2 ,^ -c ic h lo ro p h e n a te

fum e

svr
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S I-M c c
^3

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Sodium

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fum e

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1-

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conzn. 1

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he Id

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hours

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7

at

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a t

d.

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c o n tro l

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hours

11

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G

re s id u e

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C 5
♦£*
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cn

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None

7

None

he id

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- / l l

a t

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' ' /22

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hours

r-i

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•

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o verh eated

sam p le
from 2o5 F u i l d i n g ,
g rate
in
flu id
bed d r y e "

b e le v .1

/W

DISTRIBUTION OF REPORTED ADVERSE EFFECTS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE
OF FIELD WORKERS AND APPLICATORS TO 2,4-D FORMULATIONS
Source

Year of Episode

No. of Cases

GOLDSTEIN ET AL (31)

1955

3

MONARCA & 01 VITO (55)

1960

1

TODD (80)

1960

1

BERKLEY & MAGEE (11)

1961

1

TSAPKO (81)

1966

GROUP

WALLIS ET AL (87)

1966

1

PAGGIARO ET AL (58)

1972

1

5 7 iC

00Ï

HUMAN EXPOSURES TO
PHENOXY HERBICIDES, CHLORINATED PHENATE & T.C.D.C. COMPOUNDS
PURE PHEN.
HERBICIDES

PHEN.HERB. WITH TRACE
T.C.D.D. <0.1 ppm

PHEN. HERBICIDES
WITH HIGH T.C.D.D.
1-30 ppm

INFREQUENT
EXPOSURE

REPETITIVE
EXPOSURE

INFREQUENT
EXPOSURE

RURAL
RESIDENTS

INDUSTRIAL
WORKERS

VIETNAM
(PRIMARILY
NATIVE)

2-3,000

FIELD APPLI­
CATORS
1,000

«*•*

MOST APPROPRIATE
POPULATION FOR
PHENOXY HERBICIDE
STUDY

» UNKNOWN

ACCIDENTAL EXPO.
HIGH T.C.D.D. WITH
TCP (NO PHEN.HERB.)

PURE
T.C.D.D.

NONE
SEVESO
3,000+
(200 CHLORACNE)
INDUSTRIAL
(1950-1978)
1,500
(800 CHLORACNE)
MOST APPROPRIATE
POPULATION FOR
T.C.D.D. STUDY
09i;2^ryv\pa

o

SEVESO
NEW INFORMATION RELATING TO TCDD /T CP HUMAN EXPOSURES
Fetal Wastage

No Sig n ific a n t Effect

Tuchmann-Duplessis
Reggiani

I mmunology

No Change in I mmunoglobulins
or T & B Lymphocytes

Pocchiari

Cytogenetics

No Damage to Peripheral Lymphocytes
Normal Fetal T issue / Maternal Blood

Parliament Commission

i Reggiani
Cancer

No Data As Yet

REPORTED ADVERSE EFFECTS FOLLOWING EXPOSURE
OF FIELD WORKERS AND APPLICATORS TO 2,4-D
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ FORMULATIONS_________
CNS IRRITATION

[

CNS DEPRESSION OR
DYSFUNCTION

I

PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
HEMATOPOIETIC DEPRESSION
MYOPATHY
GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION
NEPHROPATHY
CARDIOPATHY
ASTHENIA
DERMATITIS

DOCUMENTED
HUMAN HEALTH EXPERIENCE
PHENOXY HERBICIDES
NO EFFECT ( 2 > D )

£ 0 Ï?

LETHAL EFFECT (2,A-D)

0.5 g/DAY X 21

ASSOULY, 1951

2.0 g SIN6LE DOSE

SEABURY, 1962

>80 mg/K g

NIELSON ET AL, 1965

>2000 mg/K g

DUDLEY & THAPAR, 1972

DOCUMENTED HUMAN HEALTH EXPERIENCE - PHENOXY HERBICIDES
MORBIDITY
MORTALITY

FINLAND

RIIHIMAKI
(1978)

't SYMPTOMS (NEUROLOGICAL)

AXELSON
(1977)

SLIGHTS CA
? CONFOUND.

HARDELL
(1977)

CASE REPORTS
? t MESENCHYME TUMOURS

RIIHIMAKI
(1978)

NO t MORTALITY

AUSTRALIA

GOVT. REPORT
(1978)

NEGATIVE

NEW ZEALAND

GOVT. REPORT
(1978)

NEGATIVE

SWEDEN

FINLAND

EEG FINDINGS - POOR STUDY
AMITROL.

REPRODUCT IV E - TERATOGEN ICITY

I ' ^ z 'To A ^ O C I

DOCUMENTED / ANECDOTAL
HUMAN HEALTH EXPERIENCE
TCDD / TCP

V «

Cl

MULTIPLE INDUSTRIAL OVEREXPOSURES AND ACCIDENTS
1950 - 1978
GENERAL SYSTEMIC TOXIN
DISEASE
1 - 6 WEEKS
6 MOS. - MULTI-YEAR

ONSET:
RECOVERY:

INCREASING DOSE LEVEL •

SKIN

-

CHLORACNE

-

HALLMARK

[•¡EURO / PSYCHIATRIC
FATIGUE - DEPRESSION - ASTHENIA
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
NEURO MUSCULAR
METABOLISM
LIVER

-

CHOLESTEROL

-

ABNORMAL ENZYMES

■

HEMATOLOGIC
PANCREAS

-

KIDNEY

V CARDIO VASCULAR
PULMONARY
DEATH
90t>

CT
fo
LT
'8
f
»

:

t

Ì
Y

ONSET OF DISEASE
- ONSET OF EFFECTS BELAYED 1-8 WEEKS -

r
♦

• NO REPORTER 'ACUTE' CASES

I
♦

t
i

V_______ _____________ _
5 o fe
BVBKMiiPHPilRPiP

smura tii Aiioaxoi

aaoi

DURA!10ft OF DISEASE
ALL WLI TO «OPERATE EXPOSURES HAVE RECOVERED FRO«
ALL SIMS OR SYPPTOHS IN 1-2 YEARS POST EXPOSURE

HUMAN LEVEL OF EFFECT
UNKNOWN- - CAN ONLY EXTRAPOLATE FROM ANIMAL DATA

MECHANISM OF ACTIONUNKNOWN

I
I
I

m a m i E » cases
I
» m a m m y

soo - ao cases world-hide since bao '$
*

I
•

I

!

...........i

I
I
I
I
I
I

■•■.sati

I

9

r

& ifr:

- * " T

i.

m y m

' * - ■ . ■

f .

IS ? --

m s n

2. NttUKRK 6ft EMLY WARNING OF OVER-EXPOSURE — CHJORACNE
3.
k.

5.

m SIGNS OR SMFICRS DOCUCHTED IN ABSENCE OF OUMCNE
JNUI-0KGM H U CITY
A£CW©W DEUNE» BBI USUALLY COVIEIE

V

an

ALLEGATIONS
WBm 'EflWIQGEI
m - SHES0 DATA
n m w i m & ei

FMEABLTKT
____ 1 » E30EMKM
...
« GENEfi!L EiPEftlENCE DOES NOT INDICATE
* IW E SU SIES AEEBED

I

HUM! CARCINOGEN

|

UNKNOWN

|
,
1

■l

\
i

* AT BEST ONLY A WEAK CARCINOGEN
• 800 CASES WORLD-WIDE HAVE HAD OVER-EXPOSURE NAVE NOT SHOWN ANY OBVIOUS CA EPIDEMIC
• MORE STUDIES NEEDED
1

I

£1^

-

\

- .. k

death

MULTIPLE ORGAN TOXICITY
METABOLIC t ENZYME ALTERATION
CARDIAC EFFECTS

i

UElOfT LOSS
I

LIVER fWCTH! Q m E S

t
*

NEUR0L06ICAL CHANGES
FATIGUE - NEURALGIAS
CHLORACNE
NO EFFECT

.....

-

*
*

i
i
t

r

a Dow Canada

BflCHQFDUfDER

Contans

Don Stephenson

siq--UQ-v>qQ

Wayne Wolskl

sib-r s o - v ^

Dow Chemical Canada Inc.
P.O. Box 1012. Sarnia. Ont. N 7T 7K 7 ^
r.nnlfibutnrs

Dr. Richard Wilson. Harvard Tlnlv.

June 30, 1982

____ (as reported in Weed Science Socle

155

_____of America "Newsletter" October

D a le .-------------------- ------------------------------------1----------

Release no.-------------

1

THE RISK IK SPRAYING 2 , 4 , 5 - T HERBICIDE
Environmental activist groups hav- been demanding
that it increases the risk of developing tumors.

the ban of

2 , 4 , 5 - T on

the

premise

Dr. Richard Wilson, a Harvard scientist, disputes the 2,4,5-T and tumors theory
however, he recently calculated the riaks aa.ociated with spraying 2,4,5-T and found
that if a person worked at applying 2,4,5-T with a backpack sprayer for 5 days a week
4 months a year for 30 years his/her chances of developing a tumor would be 0.4 per
million. Those conditions would represent a probable exposure level far greater than
the general populace, even if they lived in a spray zone.
In comparison, other risks associated with developing a tumor are:

Chances Per Million
Sunbathing

5,000.0

Smoking cigarettes

1,200.0

Being in a room with a smoker

10.0

Drinking one can of diet soda with saccharln/day

10.0

Drinking milk with aflatoxin or eating
four tablespoons of peanut butter/day

10.0

Drinking one can of beer/day

10.0

Eating 1/4 lb. charcoal broiled steak/veek

0.4

- 30 aiV

DOW CHEMICAL CANADA INC.
Modeland Road.

P.O. Box 1012.

Sarnia. Ontario.

N7T7K7

August 19» 1982

Mr. T. S. Thompson, Ph.D.
Public Affairs Manager
New Brunswick Electric Power Commission
527 King Street
Fredericton, New Brunswick
E3B 4X1
Dear Mr. Thompson:
The attached letter and documents pertaining to the safety of phenoxy
herbicides were sent yesterday to the enclosed list of Atlantic Provinces
daily and weekly newspaper editors as well as twomagazines covering
the
region.
No broadcast media were covered because the complexity of the
information does not lend itself to 60-second explanations.
The letter of transmittal is self-explanatory. The point is that there is a
great deal of scientific evidence attesting to the safety of these products
and there is no substance to alarmist claims.
Please feel free to use the information enclosed in any appropriate manner.
Extra copies of any item are available by calling my office in Sarnia
(519-339-3131), our agricultural
chemicals sales
representative in our
Halifax sales office (902-429-5623), or write to either location.
We hope our initiative will lead to morebalanced news
safety issue and result in a better informed public.
Yours very truly,

Harold W. Major
Manager, Government Relations
Agricultural Chemicals

coverage

of the

DO W CH EM IC AL CANADA INC.
Modeland Road,

P.O.Box 1012,

Sarnia, Ontario,

N7T 7K7

August 1 8 1 1982

News Editor
The Daily News
446 Main Highway
Halifax, N.S.
B4C 2S9
Dear Sir:
Recently the phenoxy herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been "in the news" in
the Atlantic Provinces because of allegations that their use for brush and
weed control in forestry and on right-of-ways involves significant risk, to
human health and the environment.
These pressures have resulted in some suspensions of proposed herbicide
applications until "further study" can be undertaken, particularly in Nova
Scotia.
That has unfortunately strengthened some people's belief that the
risk may indeed be real.
In view of the current controversy, we thought you might like to have
information which summarizes what the world's scientific community knows
about the health and environmental impact of these two herbicides.
We also
thought you might be interested in knowing the relative risk that these
compounds pose versus other risks people readily accept.
In actual fact, so much is known about the effect of these two herbicides
after more than thirty years of research and use that it is reasonable to
say they pose thousands of times less risk to human health than sunbathing,
for example 1
The herbicide most recently in question is Esteron*3-3E, a Dow product
which, in its concentrated form before dilution for use, is 42 percent
2,4-D, 40 percent 2,4,5-T, a small - amount of an emulsifier, and the rest
light furnace oil.
This concentrate is diluted for actual spraying at
ground level by mixing it with about 140 times its volume of water. This is
a low volatile formulation which minimizes evaporation and drift.
It isn't necessary for you to read all the Information enclosed (just skim
the summaries and conclusions sections) to gain an insight into the huge
body of data that exists on the effects of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T.
Moreover,
government-approved application rates embody an additional hundred-fold
safety factor.

(more...)

♦Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

<3 Me

August 18» 1982

Page 2

If

for

I can help you understand and interpret all this science
please give me a call collect ( 5 1 9 - 3 3 9 - 3 5 9 9 ) in S a r n i a .

your

read ers,

Yours very truly,

Director of Corporate Communications
/kan
Enclosures:
(1 )

"The Risk In Spraying 2,4,5-T Herbicide" - Dr. Richard Wilson, Harvard
University, as reported in Weed Science Society of America newsletter,
October '81.
Dow Canada Backgrounder #155, June *82.

(2)

"A Summary Of Pertinent 2,4-D Facts" - Backgrounder #159, Dow Canada,
July '82 (supported by a bibliography of 134 literature references).

(3)

"The Phenoxy Herbicides, Second Edition'* - Published by the Council for
Agricultural Science and Technology, August ’78 (Note Summary on pg. 1,
para's. 4 & 5 ) . (Cites over 190 literature references).

(4)

"What 56 World-Renowned Scientists From Eight Nations Say About The
Safety Of The Herbicide 2,4,5-T" - Backgrounder #160, Dow Canada, July
*82 (based on the results of the June *79 three-day Dispute Resolution
Conference On 2,4,5-T, Arlington, Virginia.
Journalists can obtain a
copy of the complete 102-page report from Dow Canada).

(5)

"The Safety Of The Herbicides 2,4-D And 2,4,5-T" - Forestry Commission
Bulletin #57, United Kingdom, 1977; by D.J. Turner, B.Sc., Ph.D. et al,
(Cites 242 literature references).
(Note Summary on pg.4 and
conclusions on pg«» 39-41).

(6)

"On the Matter of Dioxins In Our Environment" - Backgrounder #131, Dow
Canada, December 1980«

U

r

/
OBECO
inst& Y o u n g

*A

oo

V - RESULTS FOR ALL CAUSES OF DEATH
/

R esults of the analyses for all causes of d eath combined (i.e. total m ortality)
are set out below, for the total cohort, and for two sub-groups of the total cohort,
nam ely those w ith y e ar first sprayed of 1959 or la te r and those w ith y e ar first
sprayed of 1958 or earlier. T hese two sub-groups were selected since th e re is
evidence which suggests th a t diesel oil and used tran sfo rm er oil was routinely
mixed w ith the herbicide in 1959 and la te r years. If this is the case, these two sub­
groups would have been exposed to a different range and mix of toxic agents.

Total Cohort

The SMR for the total cohort, for all d u ratio n s since first exposure to the
herbicide, is 154 (Cl 126 to 188), based on 98 actual deaths versus 63.55 expected.

The corresponding resu lts broken down by d u ratio n s since first exposure to
the herbicide are set out in Table 1 below.

a \i>

23

-OBECO
/ Er n s t & Y o u n g

TABLE 1
ACTUAL AND EXPECTED DEATHS,
FOR TOTAL COHORT,
BY DURATION SINCE FIRST EXPOSURE
Heaths

Duration
fVpars)

Actual

Expected

SMR

Cl

6
8

4.47

49% - 292%
58% - 264%
79% - 266%
77% - 237%
103% - 267%
157% - 358%

25 - 29

12
14
19
25

9.95
11.09
10.32

134%
134%
152%
141%
171%
242%

0 -9
10- 19
2 0 -2 9

14
26
44

10.42
17.86
21.41

134%
146%
206%

73% - 225%
95% - 215%
150% - 277%

30 and over
25 and over
20 and over
15 and over

14

13.86

55% - 170%

39
58
72

24.18
35.27
45.22

101%
161%
164%

All durations

98

63.55

0- 4
5- 9
1 0 -1 4
15- 19
2 0 -2 4

5.95
7.91

114% - 220%

159%

125% - 214%
125% - 201%

154%

126% - 188%

Therefore, for the total cohort, sta tistica lly significant excess m ortality is
observed for all causes of d eath for all durations combined (SMR = 154, C l 126 to
188), for durations 20 to 24 years (SMR = 171, C l 103 to 267), 25 to 29 years (SMR
= 242, C l 157 to 385), 20 to 29 years (SMR = 206, C l 150 to 277), 15 years and over
(SMR = 159, C l 125 to 201),

20 years and over (SMR = 164, C l 125 to 214) and 25

years and over (SMR = 161, C l 114 to 220).

S m o g e r & A sso cia tes
A Professional Corporation
□ California Office

A ttorneys at L aw

□ Texas Office

1333 North California B in dS u ite540

14800 Quorum Dr,Suite 550

W alnut Creek, CA 94596-4521

Dallas, TX 752406745

(510) 746-8746

(214)9808020

Fax (510) 7468799

Fax (214) 9808118

March 10, 1994
Paul Merrell, Esq.
7493 East Five Rivers Road
Tidewater, OR 97390
Re:

Moyer v. Dow

Dear Paul:
Enclosed for your information find copies of miscellaneous
documents regarding the above case. Should you have any questions
or comments regarding any of the enclosed, please advise.
Very truly yours
SMOGER & ASSOCIATES

By
G H S :ph
Enc.

DEPONENT/PLACE

DATE/TIME

Kenny Crump, Ph.D.
Ruston, LA

01/26/94 at 8:00 a.m.

Dow Representatives
(4) Midland, MI

03/09/94 beginning at 9:00 a.m.

Andrew Watson
Bay City MI

03/09/94 9:00 a.m.

Herbert Nigg, Ph.D.
Orlando, FL

03/14/94 9:00 a.m.

Benjamin Holder
Punta Gorda, FL

03/16/94 9:00 a.m.

John Doull, Ph.D.
Kansas City,

03/22/94 at 9:00 a.m.

STILL TO BE SET
Harold Gill
Marguerite Leng
Donald McCollister
UPCOMING HEARING
03/14/94 1:30 p.xn. Plaintiff's Motion for Additional Relief &
Motion to Compel Dow's Compliance with Court Order dated 03/19/91
and Defendant's Motion for Reconsideration of Order Compelling
Discovery and Motion to Intervene and Protective Order before Judge
Hauser, set by Dow

MOYER V. DOW
836.1 RDS

INDEX OF FILE
As of February 9, 1994
PLEADINGS
A-l
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
A- 6
A-7
A- 8
A-9
A-10
A-ll
A-12
A-13

Vol. 1
(01/05/89
06/21/89)
Vol. 2
(06/22/89 - 07/24/89)
Vol. 3
(08/29/89 - 01/03/90)
Vol. 4
(01/22/90 - 03/23/90)
(04/17/90 - 07/05/90)
Vol* 5
voi: 6
(08/03/90 - 04/18/91)
Voi: 7
(04/18/91 - 05/30/91)
Vol. 8
(05/30/91 — 10/15/91)
Vol. 9
(10/18/91 - 03/26/92)
Vol. 10 (05/01/92 - 11/30/92)
Vol. 1 1 (12/01/92 - 02/25/93)
Vol. 12 (03/01/93
SPECIAL PLEADING !SECTION
A.
Dow's Renewed M/Compel Bob Moyer's statements
B.
Dow's Pet. for Writ of Common Law Cert. (Bob Moyer's
Statements)
C.
Moyer's Appeal of SJ for Occidental

MEMOS
B-l
B-2
B-3

Main Memo File
Info re Helena
Info re Pennwalt

CORRESPONDENCE
C-l Vol.
C-2 Vol.
C-3 Vol.
C-4 Vol.
C-5 Vol.
C- 6
Vol.
C-7 Vol.
C- 8
Vol.
C-9 Vol.
C-10 Vol.
C-ll Vol.
C-12 Vol.
C—13 Vol.

1 (1 1 /2 1 / 8 8 - 12/21/89)
2 (1/2/90 - 3/28/91)
3 (03/29/91 - 09/30/91)
4 (10/01/91 -01/21/92)
5 (01/22/92 - 03/31/92)
6 (04/01/92 - 08/31/92)
7 (09/01/92 - 10/31/92)
8 (11/01/92 - 01/31/93)
9 (02/01/93 - 02/28/93)
10 (03/01/93 - 03/23/93)
1 1 (03/24/93 - 06/30/93)
1 2 (07/01/93 - 01/31/94)
13 02/01/94

- 1 -

DEPOSITIONS/STATEMENTS
(see "P" for Practice & Video Depos)
D-l A
D-l B
D-2 A
D-2 B
D-2 C
P-2 D
D-2 E
D-2 F
D-3
D-4 A
D-4 B
D-5
D- 6
D-7
D- 8
D-9
D-10
D-ll
D-12
D-13
D-14
D-15
D-16
D-17
D-18
D-19
D-20
D-21
D-22
D-23
D-24
D-25
D-26
D-27
D-28
D-29
D-30

Statement of Robert Moyer (3/20/89)
Statement of Robert Moyer (4/29/89)
Robert Moyer (2/13/90) Vol. I
Robert Moyer (2/13/90) Vol. II
Robert Moyer (2/14/90) Vol. Ill
Robert Moyer (2/14/90) Vol. IV
Exhibits to Deposition
Robert Moyer - Video Deposition (9/6&7/90)(copy)
Ken Swanson
Keshav Setaram (2/27/89)
Exhibits to Deposition
Nick Sassick (3/22/89)
G.K. Carpenter (3/22/89)
Recorded Conference Call Among RDS, Dr. Epstein, Dr.
Ellenbecker and Dr. Clapp (11/21/90)
Recorded Meeting of RDS, Robert Moyer, Dana Kinney
and Ken Swanson (11/3/90)
Dana Kinney
Telephone conference w/Bob Moyer 4/91
Telephone conference w/Dr. Samuel Epstein
Statement of Bob Vincent
Videotaped Deposition of Robert Moyer (7/31/91)
Questions for Bob Moyer for Deposition
Andy Price
TCF between Heidi Garwood & Dana Kinney
VACANT
VACANT
Bobby Joe Pace - Helena Chemical Co. Rep.
John Endicott
Dr. G. L. Eilrich with exhibits
F. O. Hicks
Larry Silverstein
Dr. Karl Krumel
VACANT
Leon Humphrey Statement (P&S Witness)
Willis Walker Statment (P&S Witness)
VACANT
Suzanne & George Moletz Statement (P&S Witness)
Bob Num Statement (P&S Witness)

EXPERTS
E-l
E-2
E-2
E-3

Samuel Epstein, M.D.
Daniel Teitelbaum, M.D., P.C.
(A) Time Diaries
(B) Agent drange Package from Dr. T.
Lennart Hardell, M.D.

Deposition of Dr. Hardell Mover v. Dow
Deposition of Dr. Hardell in HERR v . CAROLINA
LOG BUILDING'S. INC, of 5/7 & 8/90
Exhibits to Hardell's depo. of. 5/7 & 8/90
Deposition & exhibits of Dr. Hardell in PERKINS v.
NORTHEASTERN LOG HOMES. INC.
E-4 Dr. Richard Clapp
E-5 Possible Additional Experts
E- 6
Dr. Michael Ellenbecker
E-7 Larry A. Platt, Ph.D.
^¡-8 Bernard F. Pettingill, Ph.D.
E-9 Julian Coggin, M.D.
E-10 Linda Jennings
E-ll William C. Hinds, Prof. Environmental Health Sciences
E-12 David; L. Eaton (includes depos from other cases)
(exhibits to Eaton depo in 3rd cabinet by RFB)
E-13 Dr. ’Alan Smith
E-14 Herbert Nigg, Ph.D.
E-15 Kenny S. Crump
E-16 Annette M. Shipp
E-17 Carl O. Schulz (with publications from V. A.)
E-18 Leonard Chiazze, Jr.
E-19 Trial Consultants, Inc. (TCI)
E-20 Dr. V. K. Rowe (includes depos from other cases)
E-21 Susan M. Daum, M. D. (Environmental & Occupational
Medicine)
E-22 William O. Russell, M. D.
E-23 Ellen Silbergeld, Ph.D.
E-24 Jay Burke
E-25 Pro-Forma Subpoena Duces Tecum for Expert Witnesses
E-26
John Doull, Ph.D.
F

FINANCIAL INFORMATION RE CLIENT
F-l
F-2
F-3
F-4
F-5
F—6
F-7
F—8

G

Income Tax Returns
Medical Expenses
Structured Settlement Proposals
Pre-Bill
Settlement documents re: Atochem & Asgrow
Settlement documents re: Woodbury
Settlement documents re:
Chevron
Settlement documents re:
Pennwalt & Asgrow

BACKGROUND INFORMATION/OTHER FROM CLIENT
(see "K" for Employment Records)
G-l
G-2
G-3
G-4
G-5

Client Authorization Forms
Histories Compiled by Robert Moyer
Birth and Marriage Certificates
Gran d p a r e n t ^ Death Certificates
Miscellaneous from Client
- 3 -

G- 6
G-7
G- 8
G-9
G-10
G-ll

Power(s) of Attorney
Last Will & Testament
Estate of Robert William Moyer, II
Death Certificate of Robert Moyer
Kim Moyer, (letters from client, etc.)
Medical Bills and Insurance information from Kim Moyer
(11/11/93)

HOSPITAL/MEDICAL RECORDS
1^-1 Richard R. Andrews, D.D.S.
H-2 Walter Cerrato, M.D.
H-3 Florida Technological University Health Service
H-4 Geisinger Medical Center
H-5 James C. Giebink, M.D.
H- 6
Kenneth S. Graff, M.D.
H-7 Jess Parish Memorial Hospital
H- 8
Frederick Kadushin, Ph.D.
H-9 Richard M. Levine, M.D.
H-10 Medical Toxicology Partnership
H-ll Jose Ortiz, M.D.
H-12 John G. Penn, M.D.
H-13 Larry A. Platt, Ph.D.
H-14 Radiation Therapy Centers of Brevard, Inc.
H-15 Radiation Therapy Centers of Brevard, Inc.
H-16 Dr. Rojas/Dr. Ortez
H-17 Shands Hospital
H-18 James N. Spivey, M.D.
H-19 D.S. Springfield, M.D.
H-20 Ben Storey, M.D.
H-21 Fred H. Widerman, D.D.S.
H-22 M.D. Anderson Hospital
H-23 Stephen Mamus, M.D.
H-24 Sunshine Physical Therapy of Brevard, Inc.
(Shirley Bratton, P.T.)
H-25 Craig P. Jones
H-26 Orlando Regional Medical Center
H-27 Triangle Laboratories
H-28 Aetna Life Insurance - Aetna/Prudential Med. Payments
H-29 Visting Nurse Association
H-30 Client's Medical Files
INVESTIGATION
1-1
1-2
1-3

Investigation
Investigation by Vincent Ins. A d j .
Skinner Investigation

JURY INSTRUCTIONS
J-l Proposed Jury Instructions

K

EMPLOYMENT RECORDS
K-l
K-2
K-3
K-4

L

FPL records of Robert
Orange County records
Orange County records
Orange County records

Moyer
of Robert Moyer
of Kenneth Swanson
of Dana Kinney

LEGAL RESEARCH/LITIGATION ARTICLES
ijj-1 Causation
Ii-2 Prejudgment Interest
L-3 Dow - Protective Orders
L-4 Motion to Dismiss and Motion to Transfer
L-5 Miscellaneous
L- 6
Work Product
L-7 Info re Publications Etc re Toxic Tort/Prod Liab Litig
L- 8
Articles re Defense of Toxic Tort/Prod Liab Litig
L-9 Memos of Law for 8/31/89 Hearing
L-10 Articles re Toxic Tort/Prod Liab Litig
L-ll AFTL "Secrets of the Tort Masters"
L-12 Health Effects Assoc. w/Exposure to Herbicides (Ag.
Org. Sci. Task Force Review of Sci. Literature) 4/90
L-13 Articles re 2-4D from Law Firm that had 2-4D Case
L-14 Product Liability Statute of Repose
L-15 Product Liability Statute of Limitations
L-16 Relation Back Doctrine, Adding a new party to an
existing CIA
L-17 Toxic Tort - Tactics
L-18 Articles on Real Limits of Expert Testimony
L-19 Punitive Damage
L-20 General Summary Judgmt.
Rules and Cases
L-21 Federal Preemption Cases
(FIFRA) Cited by 3d DCA
L-22 FIFRA & Fed. Cases
No Preemption Found
L-23 Failure to Warn Issue Old Cases
L-23a Failure to Warn Current Cases
L-24 Notebook 1 - Motions in Response to Pifs'
4th Amd. Complaint
L-25 Notebook 2 - FIFRA & Related Federal
Statutes
L—26 United States Environmental Protection Agency
L-27 Motions for Recusal
L-28 Statute of Repose
L-29 Survival Tactics
L—30 Cippolone v Liggett Group, Inc., 60 U.S.L.W. 4703,
06/24/92
L-31 Sixth Amended Complaint
L-32 Fed. Presumption/Failure to Warn
L-33 Outdated Research
- 5 -

L-34 FIFRA Preemption Recent Cases
L-35 Production of Documents (Young v. Santos), etc.
L-36 FIFRA AS AMENDED
L-37 Admissible Scientific Evidence
L-38 "Claim It Yourself" Michele Saadi (book in library)
L-39 Papas v. Upjohn Co.
L-40 Amended Statement of Claim (Fraud) filed in Canada
L-41 Junk Science Argument

M

MEDICAL/CHEMICAL RESEARCH & ARTICLES
(see "E" for articles rec'd from and/or written by Experts)
M-l
M-2
M-3
M-4
M-5
M-6
M-7
M-8
M-9
M-10
M-ll
M-12
M-13

General Information on Cancer
"Perspectives on the Safety of 2-4D" by CAST
TV Transcripts
Newspaper articles re chemicals and cancer
Databases re chemical research
Information obtained from databases
Research on epithelioid sarcoma
Herbicides & their link to cancer; Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Herbicides & their link to cancer; 2-4D
Herbicides & their link to cancer; Agent Orange
Herbicides & their link to cancer; mise, chemicals
Herbicides & their chemical components
EPA studies on chemicals (mise, articles):
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.

Chapter 1 -Disposition & Pharmacokinetics
(2,3,7,8-T - TCDD);
Chapter 2 - Mechanisms of Toxic Actions (same
as A. )
Chapter 3 - Acute,
Subchronic & Chronic
Toxicity (same as A.)
Chapter 4 - Immunotoxic Effects (same as A.)
Chapter b - Reproductive & Developmental
Toxicity (same as A.)
Chapter 6 - Carcinogenicity of TCDD in Animals
(same as A . )
Chapter 7 - Epidemiology/Human Data (same as
A.)
Chapter 8 - Dose-Response Relationships (same
as A. )
Estimating Exposure to Dioxin-Like Compounds
EPA's Scientific Reassessment of Dioxin

M-14 Guide for Registration of Pesticides containing
Bendiocarb (pub. by EPA)
M-15 Transcript/Hearings on Effects of 2,4,5,-T on Man &
Environment
M-l6 Book/Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Adults & Children
-

6

-

2X1

M-17 Book/Procedures to Estimate Risks from Exposure to
Mixtures of Dibenzo-p-dioxins & Dibenzofurans
M-18 Book/Weed Science Principles’ & Practices
M-19 Book/Getting Well Again
M —20 Executive Summary re Chemical Sensitivity (Rpt. comm.
/ by New Jersey Dept, of Hlth.)
M-21 Locations of Major Producers of Chlorophenols and Their
Derivatives
M-22 Pesticide Exposure and the Role of the Physician
M-23 Diquat Research
1(1-24 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Exposure to Phenoxyherbicides,
Chlorophenols, Fencing Work, and Meat Works Employment:
a Case-Control Study
M-25 A Case Control Study of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and the
Herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in
Eastern Nebraska (Zahm)
M-26 A Case Control Study of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
M-27 A Case-Referent Study of Soft-Tissue Sarcoma and
Hodgkin's Disease
M-28 Odor vs. Exposure:
Does Smell Indicate Harm?
M-29 Endothal Articles
M-30 NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 40 (2,3,7,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p - dioxin (TCDD, "dioxin")
M-31 Chemical Research (2,4,5-T - TCDD)
(Cancer Mortality Among Workers in Chemical Plant
Contaminated with Dioxin)
M-32 Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to 2,3,7,8Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
M-33 NIOSH Publications Catalog
M-34 Pesticide Exposure Article listing furnished by Edward N.
Willey, M. D.
M-35 Toxic Peripheral Neuropathy Article listing furnished by
Edward N. Willey, M. D.
M-36 Dioxin articles
M-37 Use of Hair Coloring Products & the Risk of Lymphoma,
Multiple Myeloma & Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. American
Journal of Public Health, ¿helia Hoar Zahm, ScD.
M-38 American Journal of Public Health - July 1992 (Public
Health Policy; Environment/Occupational Health)
M-39 "Risks to Human Health Associated with Exposure to
Pesticides at the Time of Application & the Role of the
Courts", Brett & Potter.
M-40 Toxicology - General
M-42 Environmental Illness
M-43 Environmental & Chemical Overexposure
M-44 Occupation-Induced Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
M-45 Agent Orange - Review of Scientific Literature
M —4 6 Cancer Mortality in Workers Exposed to Chlorophenoxy
Herbicides and Chlorophenois
M-47 Book/Of Acceptable Risk, William W. Lowrance
M-48 Ground Applications of Forestry Herbicides, USDA Forest
Service
- 7 -

225

M-49 D e f e n d a n t s Analysis of Chemicals Used in 1976 & 1977
(exhibits to Eaton's depo)
M-50 Lies & Contempt: Dioxin & Agent Orange by Liane Clorfene
Casten (from Zumwalt) unpublished & unfinished book
M-51 Cancer Mortality Study (01/91) Fingerhut
M-52 Herbicides and Cancer (Morrison, Wilkins, Semenciw, Mao
& Wigle; Journal of the National Cancer Institute - (This
is a key article).
,M-53 Report to the Secretary of the Dept, of Veterans Affairs
on the Assoc. Between Adverse Health Effects and Exposure
■
to Agent Orange, by Special Asst. Admiral E. R. Zumwalt,
Jr., 05/05/90
M —54 Veterans & Agent Orange - Health Effects of Herbicides
Used in Vietnam by Institute of Medicine 1993
M-55 E P A .r Prog, to Reassess Pesticide Risks
M-56 Diséase Diagram
M-57 Genéral Risk Assessment
M-58 Pesticides - General
ATTORNEYS NOTES AND DRAFTS
N-l
N-2
N—3

Attorneys Notes and Drafts
Draft of Resp/RTP from Woodbury (6/12/89)
Rough Drafts of Answers to Interrogatories

OTHER CASES (ENTIRE "O" SECTION IN 3RD CABINET BY RFB)
0-1
0-1 A
0-1 B
0-1 C
0-2
0-3
0-4
0-5

Greenhill v. Dow
Greenhill's RTP to Dow
Dow's Interrogatories
Transcripts
Davis v. Dow
Shoecraft v. D o w . Case No. CIV 74-662-PHX CAM
Agent Orange MDL 381 (Docket Sheets)
Agent Orange - Product Liability Litigation
District Court - Eastern District of New York
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
M.
N.
0.

Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 5
Day 6
Day 7
Day 8
Day 9
Day 10
Day 1 1
Day 1 2
Edward A. Metcalf Depo (from
Dir. Van Murray Sim Depo ("
")
Dr. Robert A. Darrow Depo (")
-

8

-

U.

S.

P.
Q.
R.
S.

0-6
1

0 -7
6 -8
0 -9

P

Frank J. Vocci Depo
(")
Benjamin Harris Depo
(")
Plaintiff's Pre-Trial Ordef with attachments
Diamond Shamrock's Log of Documents Identified
in Response to Plaintiff's Interr to Def.
(First Wave) Exhibit "A"

Canadian Litigation Against Dow (Documents RDS obtained
from Jerry White during visit in 10/92)
AGNEW V D O W . ET A L . . (Canadian Litigation rec'd from
SODA)
VERTAC (from SODA)
Arkansas (from SODA)

PHOTOGRAPHS, VIDEOS AND SLIDES
\•

P-1
P-2
P-3
P-4

Photographs
Practice Depo of Robert Moyer
Day in the Life Film of Robert Moyer
Video Deposition of Robert Moyer (Volumes 1, 2 & 3)
(9/6&7/90) (copy)
P-5 Photographs from Orange County
P- 6
M.D. Anderson Slides
P-7 Video Statement of Robert Moyer (7/91)
P- 8
Pre-Amputation Photos of Robert Moyer
P-9
Interview with Kim Moyer
P-10 Day in the Life File of Robert Moyer (12/02/91)
P-11 Bobby & Danny Video
P-12 Settlement Documentary (03/92)
P-13 Day in the Life of Robert Moyer (04/92)
P-14 Settlement Documentary (brochure)- Updated (05/06/92)

Q

DISCOVERY PRODUCED BY US
Q-l
Q-2
Q—3
Q-4
Q-5
Q- 6
Q-7
Q- 8
Q-9
Q-10

Resp/RTP from Helena (5/16/89)
Ans/INT from Helena (5/16/90)
Resp/RTP from Woodbury (6/4/89)
Ans/INT from Asgrow (6/28/89)
Ans/INT from Dow (7/24/89)
Ans/INT from Asgrow (10/3/89)
N/Compliance (4/2/90) (AETNA RECORDS)
Resp/Order Compelling Photos (4/17/90)
Ans/INT from Dow (1/5/90)
N/Compliance (12/17/90) (Drs. Thompson, Jones, Freed,
Mamus and Cerrato)
Q-ll Ans/Dow Interrogs (2/18/93)

R

RECORDS PRODUCED BY DEFENDANTS
(also by Orange County and other sources)
R-l

Orange County - Bid Sheets & Correspondence
(obtained by client)
- 9 -

¿ 3 °

R-2

^

S

Orange County - Original Response to Subpoena D.T.
(the important records - consists of several
folders not individually indexed)
R-2A Charts re: Chemicals Purchased by Orange County in
1976 & 1977
R-3 Orange County - Contracts for Purchase of Chemicals
(1984 - 1988)
R-4 Orange County - Records on Herbicides used after 1977
Orange County - Documents produced for Asgrow
^-6 Dow - Krumel & Arnold Report (not obtained from Dow?)
n-7 Ken Swanson's Journal (copy - original in R-2)
R-8
Dow's Response to our Requests (7/18/91)
R-9 Orange County - Water Quality Records
CHEMICAL "LABELS
(By Company)
S-l Arjay
S-2 A&V, Inc.
S-3 Applied Biochemists, Inc.
S-4 Asgrow
S-5 Chevron
S- 6
Ciba-Geigy
S-7 Citco
S- 8
Dow
S-9 Helena
S-10 Monsanto
S-ll Pennwalt
S-12 Rhodia
S-13 Southern Mill Creek Products, Inc.
S- 1 4 Thompson Hayward
S-15 Transvaal
S-16 3M Corp.
S-17 Other Companies
S-18 Diamond Shamrock Chemical Company

T

TRANSCRIPTS
T-l
T-2
T-3
T-4
T-5
T- 6
T-7
T- 8
T-9

Transcript of Hearing (8/31/89)
Transcript of Hearing (12/4/90)
Transcript of Hearing (4/2/91)
Transcript of Hearing (4/24/91)
Transcript of Hearing (01/09/92)
Transcript of Hearing (09/25/92) Re: PI. M/Sub. Party &
M/File 6th Amended Complaint
Transcript of Hearing (10/02/92) Re:
Dow's Motion to
Appoint Commissioners & Our Motion to Quash (Teitelbaum)
Transcript of Hearing (11/23/92) Teitelbaum Production
Transcript o*f Hearing (01/05/93) Our M/Modify Teitelbaum

- 10 -

2.31

T-10

Transcript
of
Hearing
(01/26/93)
Dow/s
M/Strike
Paragraphs of 6th Amended Complaint
T-ll Transcript of Hearing (03/01/93) Dow's Motion to Strike
Expert Witness; Pltf. Motion to Modify Court's Prior
Ruling; Pltf. Motion for Rehearing
DOCUMENTS RECEIVED PROM JOHN BETTS
U-l Davis v. Dow
Exhibits # 1-277
Attachment to Memo of 11/13/91 - Exhibit
'
List of Documents
Attachment to Memo of 11/13/91 - Supplemental
List of of Legal Documents
Legal Documents, Exhibits /I - XVI
Exhibits #1 - 25 on Dow's Publications and Hype
on Herbicides
Supplemental List of Exhibits on Dow's Publications
and Hype on Herbicides
U-2 Keister v. Dow
Exhibits #1 - 49
Memo of 11/28/91 on Review of Documents
Attachment to Memo of 11/28/91
U-3 Newman v. AT&T
Exhibits # 1 - 2 0
Memorandum of 11/29/91
Attachment to Memo of 11/29/91
U-4 Memo of 11/30/91 on 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
List of Documents from Memo of 11/30/91 with exhibits
#1
10
U-5 The Dow Story - Don Whitehead
U- 6 Memo re:
Canada Trip from John Betts with documents
-

/

EXHIBITS - GOLD FOLDERS
X-l Asgrow's Resp/INT (4/30/90)
X-2 Asgrow's Resp/RTP (4/30/90)
X-3 Asgrow's Resp/RTP to All (4/30/90)
X-4 Monsanto's Resp/RTP (5/4/90)
X-5 Monsanto's Resp/RTP to All (5/4/90)
X- 6
Monsanto's Resp/INT (5/4/90)
X-7 Helena's Ans/INT (5/11/90)
X- 8
Helena's Resp/RTP (5/11/90)
X-9 Helena's Resp/RTP to All (5/11/90)
X-10 Woodbury's Resp/RTP to All (5/15/90)
X-ll Woodbury's Resp/RTP (5/15/90)
X-12 Woodbury's Ans to INT (5/23/90)
- 11 -

033-

~>X-13 Dow's Resp/INT (5/29/90)
^ X-14 Dow's Resp/RTP (5/29/90)
«J* X-15’ Dow's Resp/RTP to All (5/29/90)
X-16 Chevron's Resp/INT (6/1/90)
X-17 Chevron's Resp/RTP to All (6/1/90)
X—18 Occidental's Resp/RTP to All (8/3/90)
X-19 Occidental's Ans to 1st Set of Ints from Pis (8/3/90)
w/Supp Filing of Resp to Ints (8/14/90) (signature
page)
X"20 Video Depo of Robert Moyer (Original Tapes - Volumes 1,
2 & 3 - 9/6&7/90)
X-21 Video Depo of Robert Moyer
(Original Transcript 9/6&7/90)
X-22 Monsanto's Resp/Pl. 2nd RTP (04/09/91)
X-23 Video Deposition of Robert Moyer (7/31/91)
(Original)
X-24 Plaintiff's Ans. to 2nd Set of Rogs from Occidential
(01/09/92)
X-25 Plaintiff's Ans. to 3rd Set of Rogs from Dow (01/09/92)
X-26 Dow's Response to RTP from Plaintiffs (02/05/92)
X-27 Plaintiff's Ans. to 2nd Set of Rogs from Dow (01/03/92)
X-28 Bobby Joe Pace - Helena Chem. Co. Rep. Deposition
X-29 Dow's Resp. to PI. Expert Rogs (05/21/92)
X-30 Voir Dire
—
X-31 Deposition of Herbert Nigg, Ph.D.
X-3 2 Depo of Verald Keith Rowe
X-3 3 Allan Smith's Depo
X-34 Dow's Expert Rogs to Plaintiff (02/18/93)
X-3 5 Dow's Response & Objections to Plaintiff's Supplemental
Interrogatories (12/18/92)
X-3 6 Dow's Response to Plaintiff's Request to
Produce
(12/18/92)
X-37 Occidential's Interrogatories to Plaintiff (01/18/93)
X-38 Helen Answers to Pltf. Interrogs (4/24/91)
X-39 Closing Argument
X-40 Kenny S. Crump original depo (04/01/93) with exhibits
_>> X-41 Carl O. Schulz, Ph.D original depo (03/05/93) with
exhibits
X-42 David Lee Eaton original depo (12/15/92) exhibits in 3rd
cabinet by RFB
X-43 Helena's Ans to Expert Interrogatories (03/31/93)

Y

-

12

-

S3 3

Z

MISCELLANEOUS
Z-l
Z-2
Z-3
Z-4
Z—5
Z-6
Z-7
Z-8
Z-9

Mediation File
Demand Letter
Gerson Smoger, Esquire
Other Chemical Incidents in Area
Defense Strategy Folder
John A. Betts
ATLA Exchange
2,4-D Advertisements
"Defending Toxic Tort Litigation
Tenth Annual Toxic Tort Seminar
Z-10 Couft papers pending action
Z-ll Status of Discovery printout
Z-12 Freedom of Information Request
Z—13 Occidental Annual Report (1987)
Z-14 Original court papers from defendants.
Z-15 Newspaper article re sprays
Z-16 Dow Financial Statements
Z-17 Questions for Dow Experts
Z-18 Mock Jury
Z-19 Task Force
Z-20 Index Demo from Gallant SODA Canada
Z-21 Boehringer (from SODA)
Z-22 DCA - 5th District
Z-23 Anonymous Chemical Safety Survey
Z-24 Experts/witnesses used by Dow in other cases
Z-25 Map-Michigan
Z-26 Post-Trial Interviews (from California Plaintiffs'
Steering Committee on Implants)
Z-27 Consent to Employ Appellate Counsel (Caruso, Burlington)

13

UNITED STATES DISTF

'T COURT

filed

UNDER SE.AL

EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

In re
"AGENT ORANGE"

PRODUCT LIA3ILITY LITIGATICN

CV-30-2997
79-C-4 67
CV-80-3256
79-0-747
CV-80-3336
79-C-2752
CV-80-338 6
79-C-284 6
CV-80-0275 CV-S1-512
CV-80—0613 CV-81-666
CV-80-0 693 CV-81-1036
CV-80—0991 CV-81-559
CV-80—1277 CV-81-1296
CV-80—1989 CV-81-2719
CV-80—2002 CV-81-511
CV-80—2010 07 - 81-522
CV-80—2207 CV-81-665
CV-80—2280 CV-81-1295
CV-80—2284 CV—81-2349
CV-80—2440 CV-81-2726
CV-80—2631 CV-81-519
CV-80-2908 CV—81-662

CV-81-991
CV-81-995
CV-81-1199
CV-81-2339
CV-81-2721
CV-82-3106
CV-82-0208
CV-82-8 61
CV-82-1849
CV-82-1734
CV-82-1852
CV-82-2493
CV-83-3122
CV-82—0783
CV-82-4033
CV-82—775
CV-82—2179
CV-82-3619

CV-S2—114 2
CV-82-1749
CV-82-2004
CV-83-1306
CV-83-2022
C/-83-4024
CV-83— 4030
CV-84-1222
CV-84-1879
CV-84—1880

MDL No.
381(J3W)

EXHIBITS

/

V \

i i
Ronald D. Rossani
1910C Tysons Landing Court
McLean, VA 22102

93 f

MEMORANDUM FOR RECORD
S>.~drD-3S-C
SUBJECT:

i.

,
Phone C a l l ¡' run M r . Wayne V a n d e r v e n c e r ,
T e x a s , Re V i s i t o f Dow P e r s o n n e l

D-nw ts now p r o p o s i n g
2.1
2.1
1.0

9 S o p r o m o er

l SAF Ke i \ y F i e l d .

new f o r m u l a t i o n :

lb acid e q u iv a le n t
lb acid e q u iv a le n t
lb acid e q u iv a le n t

b u t y l 2 , A-D
butyl 2 .4 ,5 - 7
is o c c t y i piclorara

Daw r e q u e s t e d Var.de r v c r . t e r * a a p p r o v a l .
Vandervencer s ta te d
r e c o r r a c n d a t i o n o f f o r m u l a t i o n s was Army r e s p o n s i b l e 1 i t y .
2.
Lv DSA.

Dow p e e p 1o p l a n

1966

t o go t o Ri chmond

to s e l l

tn e ir

tnat

new : o r m u . a t : on
"="

j.
Dew s t a t e d t h a t C r o p s D i v i s i o n has no money f o r f i e l d l e s i i n ^
and .«¿«tod i f LSAF c o u i c f i t * i d t e s t t n e r o r m u ¿ a c l d n .
An sw er was
r < i * e .
-.
. . : e u n c e r s i t n e d i n f o r m e d V a n d e r v e n t c r t h a t new f o r m u l a t i o n
-•a s .«n tmp r o ve n e n t o v e r T o r o o n 101 b u t mor e a c t i v e i n g r e d i e n t s c o u l d
**c «.i.. n ¿.oc in. c one g a l l o n t o r e d u c e - . . l o g i s t i c e f f o r t and s o ri if e o i .~.o e r s . . «- C t s r . c u i c oe p o s s i b l e t o g e t 3 l bs o f D. 2 l b s or" 7 and 2
T h i s w o u l d be a naicn c o r e e f f e c t i v e
los a : p i c l o r a n per g a l l o n .
t J t c u 1a c i o n .

C. E . MINARI K __________
C h i e f , Crops D i v i s i o n
D : 3 1 r : o u t i o n:
D i r / r . i s S c ie n c e s Lab.
r -• t •.n C. B a r t l e t t

• -4• W. Brown
r.r . R . Bunker
Jr.

Darrow

V•
•» » V
4%« Denoree
R. Frank
rl. Irish, P&ROO
C. Truchelut
Col . Crowell, ACS FOR
•
•_ **• V. Dorrell, ACSFOR
mj * .
M r. £ • Ha.norv, AMC
Major Nord. OCRD
Lt. Crea, Eglin AFB
Mr.
Mr.
Dr.
Lt.

a

S Kir" D - ..3 - C
S’J D J E C T :

15 Septeaber 1966
Production

of Herbicides

1.
D r . h*-a : k V i 11 a e a nd D r . Jo mew Gouc 11,
C r o p s D i v i s i o n on 15 SepCecaher 19ob t o d i s c u s s
Tord on.
~~

Dow Ch e m i c a l Conpa n y ,_ v l s 11e d
p r o p ^ 6 j : j _ n ew__f or n u j a c I o n o f

2.
Dow w o u l d l i k e t o o f f e r os a r e p l a c ement b r O r a n g e ,
h e r b i c i d e s , w i t h tne r o i l o w i n g c o m p o s it io n per g a l l o n :
2 . 1 5 lb s . e . n b u t v l 2 . ^ - 0
1 . 1 5 lb a . e . n D u t v l 2 , - , 3- T
1.0
l b a i. e . i s o o r t y l p i c l o r n n .
1 c i . low v i s c o s i t y o i l (PENGLA O i l

isco ctyl

'°

The t o o v p c i - t u r e
e s te r of p tc io ra m

a m ixture

<Y

of

V

J\0^r^T^Lr
M31 -0".

c c u i c r e w o e by c u u n ;
one 1 c t . o i l .

1/2

rn 1 Oranre ,

1 ct.

o f.

2.
O r . V T i l t s c o f f e r e e us 5 0 0 0 g a l l o n s f r e e f o r r e s t i n - ir. RVN o r
The 1 l a n d .
S i n c e w t con n o t o p e r a t e i n t r . e ae f - o a r e a s , we c e c . t n e c t m r
o f f e r b u t » u c e c t : . a t - e w o u l d c o o p e r a t e wj,cr. t n e r i f : r .e y c o u i c c o n d u c t
tests m H aw aii.
-e are p r e s e n t ly a s s is t in g m e n in. .s c a r in g a s u i t e d * te s t
a r e a t n r o u g r . ,*tr.
o r g e h e m , a C r o s s D i v i s i o n C o n s u l t a n t »n o res i c e s m

r*a»a «a•

1»»M

C.
Dt . V . l t s e a to t e c t n a r s e r v e e n t n e p r e s e n t a nc Ju n e 15*.?. m e r e v t l .
r-c & c c t t g i t o f 1 . 1 5 5 , . ' 0 3 g a l a o : C r n n e e . * < I n c - o v r r r . n f r . : n a i s c r . e c u . e c
r c c t r c c c n : c* Orange a t tne r a t e c:
1C , 0 0 0 g a i s / a o r . t r . o r a t o t a l o r r o u g r . i y
n i l l i o n g ais.
inci:< t r v can n e t s u o p i v mere t n a r.
o p e r a t i n g a t pea*, c a o a c i t y a n d c i v e r t i n g e l l
T he a n n u a l

/
cooxaercial re q u ire m e n t

of
for

m i i i i on g a l l o n s o f c r a n r e ,
t n e p r o c u c t t o t he m i l i t a r y .
2 ,¿ ,5 -1

acic

is

1C. 5 m i l l i o n

IPs

Tne m i l i t a r y r e q u i r e m e n t 16 2 1 . 5 m i l l i o n l b s , o r a t o t a l o f 3 2 . C a l l l i c ;
l b s . h o w e v e r , t n e t o t a l a n t i c i p a t e d US a n n u a l c a p a c i t y o f T a c i d l a e x p e c t e d
t o "oe 15 a l l l i o n l b s . cons icie r a o l y b e l o w t n e m i l i t a r y r e q u i r e m e n t , l e a v i n g
none f o r c i v i l i a n u s e . 5 . . T n e Dow. F r e e p o r t
6.

D ow ' s

current

p lan t w i l l

production

be p r o d u c i n g 2 5 0 , 0 0 0

of 2 ,¿ ,5 -7

acid

is

lb /co .

560,000

o f Toraon a c id ,

lb/mo.

C. E. MINARIK
Chief, Crops Division

k

3
0 3 1

1

o Vcfrncos TflS.
D r . iirovMi
D r . Darrow
Dr. T ru c h c lu t
?¿iZO O f f i c e , A T T N : H r .

Iris h

\

/
i

\

.s

*--

\.

\

y^A---

'
<
*
■
’V

/

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M
■ 73%

>K
icaRAiaxw rca. bjxosjj
7 October 1566
CC3JCCT:

l a f o m a t i o n Provided b y hUJor Kulcahy

1.
T i m f o l l o w i n g i n f o r o a t l o a v « s prcnrlded b y K ajo r H u l c c h y .
/ p r o : ? a c c f u e l s , S a n A n t o n i o A i r K a C a r i a l A t m , »-ally A i r F o r c e B ase,
7 c :j 3 o n 7 O c t o b e r 15ufa.
r"
2-

Oa or about 24 September

three Po m

rearaflentfltaves c a l l e d o a

C o l . Hawaii, U C A F , a n d o f f e r e d h l a a n c a f o r S T l a t l o a d ~ f ~ O r a n c c - T o r d o a f o r
e v a l u a t i o n i n V i o t Kara.
C o l . H a g a n d a c l i n o a t u o o f f e r , e t a t i n g t h a t it
v a a z b a Arrs/’o r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o e v a l u a c e a n d r e c o n t e n d b e r b i c i d e o f o r
u s e i n Viotnlmra. b u t h e c a l l e d i n t h r e e A r c y o f f i c e r s C o t a l k t o the D e r r
r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . O n e o f t h e A r c y o f f i c e r s w a s 11aJor H e r d , t h e u a u o f
the o t h e r t w o v e r c o t k n o w n to K a j o r H u l c a h y .

2 . T h o A r n y o f f i c e r s a r e r e p o r t e d to h a v e s t a t e d t h a t t h e n e w
f c r - u l a t i c r. s o u n d e d g o o d a n d t h e y a r e r e p o r t e d t o h a v e a c c e p t e d i t f o r
e v a luation. o v e r s e a s .
4.
C o l . Hogan, s t a t e d t h a c i f t h o A r a y w i s h e d t o d o C h i n h a w o u l d
cooperate o y a r r a n g i n g a n air lift and he asked the Dow p e o p l e for
i a i c r r a t i c a o n tho m e a n e r o r p a c k a g e s , t h e i r w e i g h t a n d c u b a .

Z.

D e w p r o v i d e d t h o i n f o r r a t i o n i n a lfctiar d a t e d 2 S .Eepteraher 1 5 6 6
v u i t h a l s o a p p e a r e d to n u t a l i t t le p r e s s u r e o n tha.alli.Caz ' t o p r o c c c u
v i t a taa evaluation procptly.

7

C.
C i n s o t h e n D o w h a s a l s o b e a n p r e s s u r i n g A a r o s p a c « 7«&als t o a i r
l i f t a h a c — r g o o f 2 2 ¿ r u n * o f t b * c a w £bfi*iiation.

C. 2. iHjIiMLT2
Chief, Crops Division
Distributionx
Dr. 2rcvn
ux . D o r a a v

Ub//^
Irish
ice Officer

i■ A..*j| la.

(J

*

■St3f

T H E

D O W

CH EM IC A L.

C O M P A N Y
M ID LAN D .

M ICH IG AN

April 30, 1963

Dr. B. ?. McNamara
Directorate of Medical Research
Bdrewood Arsenal
Zdrewooc, Maryland
Dear Dr. McNamara;
Pursuant with your request, I nave obtained the names of
those custom operators v:r.o have beer, acclvlnr 2.4-D and
2, ¿4,t -T ir. various forms for many years.

I attempted to

call you today, cut you were n o t •available sc I cave the
names to Dr. Averili and told him 1 would confirm oner, c*
1.

The*.* are riven on the attached onset.

I am nur-e if you contact these men listed, that you'will ■".-Ä
be able to ret all the information you need.

:1
Äv

It v;=s certainly a pleasure to meet with you and if I can

:y.

he of any further help, do not hesitate to call me.
^ ^ c " *•

*f A t i ^ c

V. K. ?.ov;e
Biochemical Rasearcn Laboratory
1701 Building
VKP./jd
••

•T~ *

L
*

Dr. B. P- McNamara

-

2

April 30, 1 9 6 3

Asplunch Tree Ear-ert Company
Jenkinstown, Pennsylvania
Attn:
Ralph Kauffman

Penn Line
Scottsdale, Pennsylvania
Attn : Howard Ferguson

Oregon Agriculture
Tulelake, California
Attn:
Zd Green

Black Tree Company
Durham, North Carolina
Attn : Craig Black

Vest Tree Service
Little Rock, Arkansas
Attn:
A. D. Vest

Bavey Tree Expert Company
Kent, Caio
Attn:
Homer L. Jacobs

Chemitrol Chemical Company.
Gitsonoerg, Ohio
Attn:
Free Karlovits
*
A 4.

W

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e oU -* * •

*o " .

‘

“V > • • C •
W4 w w

*“•

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Vy

‘^y ^ i.:or~r. Carolina

Townsend Tree Service Ccmcanv
V

* — - ~ .a
t • « • • « w w «* 1

»

^

— ~
*< ■ *

J ~

~
*—
■»

i»

Dor.*aLd“_o>:nser.d
Vernon Townsend
T*_s •> • » * ■ ; * “* v*\
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* ,* *
. 7 • ** t r
V ta* W

X" V tt*» ** *
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Comoanv

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Tennessee ;;Vally Autr.ority
Chattenoora , Tennessee
Attn: ¿-Robert Mann
Lucas Tree Expert Company
179 Sheridan Street
Portland, Maine
Attn:
Art Batson
Vest Penn Power Company
Washington, Pennsylvania
Attn:
Fred Ashbaurh’

_ :v 7 .- - .•;. • r?.

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V —■•* ««o^
y *',£CU3‘* ^a ^ ci.
* *.t*^ j•— o»,< ilb
^ o
Js-eersl Gsverrsr.er.s1s purcnase: ci Z e z 'r.r.L z z Z . e z z i r z 2,h-D
Zj -.z 2,^,5-T \;r .L z r . were sler.sed as = ->» sy welrr.: r.crrsi
*s--*-*l 2 ct=r cT 2,-^-—D, 2-^S by v/elzsr.s r.c~.a.I busvl e:~:r
Is is ry •sr.serssss'.dIr.rs tr.as r c y a l t i s s due Dew Chetrtica.1
are b ased
c. p e r c e n c a g s ’ c
r.-.s o c i i a r value 'rasr.gr

*»*■*——

c£r i » ^ * * * ~ * "

1 riLi^—

^ r*rr;* -r**

^ ^ ®

sr same of the folLewins: b i d s we hav e se~r. u z m b L e sc
find cut w h o tcatc then; o r e c w h s r p r i c e "
Thar's11~Lc~sics
t.--r pcs sibi-I tty ihas ^ u o t a t i c m s w e r e sallc L t e d b u t n o __

ma-cerTa-t purchased.

¿sr.s cf tr.s reccesss -.;~r3 cased sr.

; ^

Iovemii er 19 6L cis 2A-2
i ssssl rf 68-, 000 Is
cf 3 Z L ,000 Is z . si e
~s-:r sf 2 , q - D sr.t 22

.

M . .

Dow r

-r.ssry
had

surplus,.
repurchased.
V.e i s :
---- ^
c
_ — - . — ----------- —
—t i ~
V

J_r. e 1 2 .

12 s2

Dow s u s s e s

4

1

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r/ rr

re?,r/

TT •'J.V"V.: t'*ry
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DIPARDrZHD C7 DZ7ZH2Z - Pentagon 3C524, Washington, D. C,
Hr. Cari Zolla
Hr. Laon lavis, Assistant tc Carl Zolle
i.O':? narro:

■s

>. .

Coiteseli

This office is CSD, DDL.
Hr. lavis replaced Hr. 7rad Zaras who was wall 1er.own by many of the
a/Ovl
c...w Vi..O .C...Cc —^awC»*«^3. ^. , *9Ou . 4^. . 1/ciVi.S ViuS ^l.A lc
r.a pru_ an gavar.g vos bats ana paeces or rnrom.ato.cn tnat rrttad an w:
other information wa had developed.
Ha wars familiar, of coursa, with the fact that the Army is going to
build, finance ar.d o^arata__a__2^At5 —2_J4.b-r~':Vr£nn ar.a rs goxng to put
on
rr ori" cTd'jTuwo o cl 'r^wuss^poor aM^T^^7Qo^ZTZ. to be financed, owl
and operated by industry. The 2,4-1 2,4,5-T plant will ba built ar.c
operate a at ea-mta~-4<fas'cb&— Skt>~aqrS-v^T^uI^sara^Dam:—
and—
numf-uuablro^-lac-a-t-ierr, tr.a "moth ballad“ AEC pi an C a t Weldon Strings. >
v;r.rcn rs aprroxanate_y o v mrras v?est or at. ¿.ours ¿3 iv
.ar~wu*/-*j A*.’r» •
^3=
lha amount of mor.ay n e e d e d "for the 2,4-1 2 , 4 , plant is approxara:
SL9 H. Its capacity will be in the order of 8 M gallons of Grange p c
Iha result is tnat industry will ba ashed to supply snout" 20% more ir
tc meat the requirement of 10-12 H gallons of Grange.
(Sea quant it i£
shown. in paragraph raportir.g call on Mr. bills, DGSC, Richmond.) .
In order to activate Walaon Springs, a powerhouse .will have to be bud
r:3s-’v 00 supply adequate pcT.?er. The All plant v;as z o m e r r y oparatac
by Msllinrkroct. Thera has near, considarabla pressure from the* Office
Zmargar.cy Planning and the Department of Agriculture to gat adequate
f Grange without robbing the agricultural market. The pics
sk for maximum effacrivar.ass of the plant in a minimum length
JZ2_=l
Hr. Davis that every caution ba exercéss-d ir. tarn
of tb.e health hazard cf
.Z ZZ3S1.Z^2 >
wardans or
».r , i . ^ y ^¿7.^5 u ^xJ.u wu
«to ZcClZ ¿CCZ O to*lCIT•
Hr. D w i s advised us that the control cf the bids, 'arc. r v.-c-uld ba in
Mr. John Traub's office cur o: Edftev.ocd a.:., m a r contacts should te m
“— . —
— ..w peep _c •— a . a . 0 .....a a ¿»ure t.*.nr ^ov/1s contributions

nning__o.f. the wramag_or_tne_^7Zl£orItha TCS

/

2T&
10

\

-

7:ir-v?:c -\-r; Crr-vc
? M? c ?M Wc ^M 4"VV
*/44"<«/*r\\^-y<r4''.< .*j.
*
V^" r7
l«t\j i*•fa
_____

u . o*. Co.taiiCr*cc
Building, Washing;

Mr . t t e s 1 g v Most;
Miss 'Jane Lewis
Dow Personnel:

¿■*-1•
•>
Is •

*0 •
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d* •

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4 •>•••*•
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, C lUtiti'l 44 ,

*V •

a ..

A. Whitesell,

L review- of the above infomarior. wes conducted x-;ith Miss Lewis and
r* •
d W (•_ » *1*0*0 VOfc**> SO *-*W i*l*la***w*0*ll**a .44 U** 4 1*
o'
125 M gallons of Tor ¿on x-.’ss established as the requirement on a conr
cus basis, providing tone xoar in VietaarTcontinues, irrespective of th
a*._ •

rOCU*a*OlllOl*Ld

J

U4

O * C «!? 3 •

t

The Grange requirements xjhieh wo .reported above as being around 8 M ^
apparently *—a a-.o_e no*** ay ***2 i^
**o^s accoru_tng _to tee vnto~i.»»»-d-t_i_oo
doveicned xvith Kcster-Lewis .
m e c**u^ c*re ***.**** o *_*r *o *(***.—e***e.*«*s *o* *.u* ocn w*,*!, couc.nue at aoouw
sar.-e level, barring the increase Col. Shade indicated above, through f
-ae tOaScr. .or tnts ts tnat tnere nas oeen app;
a>VOV
«4-444W 30, 1559)
merely sie: months 0 f
will ie no 3tTOuww W4,c
^ n l a n t ar.v sooner than 12-15
44.^.4»»4^ — the most \-i
V’e x;ere ashed-by Mr. Hoster to exercise no more D O ’s agatnst -marginsa
According to Mr. Most
WW O •• «»3 m «3 O W4«Im« W4*44«i
^ C^/ » Wt»
X4t^ 4»C«44Ci*y»« O
•
rh.ib only confuses the industry and cc.es not melee it possible for Rile
Par to comprate any c r e a m y planning
V?s did learr. that there are .four companies very ^interested in b idding
the, plant that will be bhilt for TCh. _r. a.i probability; Since we cc
only guess and have a n i m a t i o n made cn our guesses, these companies £
•5

•

2.
o.

rw
.ooicer
Ionsanto or Diamond

WL A 4. 4
W*'f+f'
newcomer bilCtW
4^4.^
.
4
,.
/"»
"cmsr.v in Ac.r.Sc.s u
** no w <b4i the bus i:
sufficient «-C*DxbCX )•
wH2 OblS »7*2s s , one t

t-

At

c«.* s<nrc:£7r4
*.0 #..^7i-hs ^
c ic v*onl*
have to buy its laou-hox-j and has told 3DSA i
v/i_l buy
^ tr.ts
« Icnot-J—nexj aoroac.
»
.a Lewis were complimentary cf Men Manser.1s proposal on t
^ ^ . 44 •VM 4«• W 4.
rev: fact finding survey:- 'Zre survey is to ¿ n o m i n e total 2*,4-D capac
_rd 2 .,4-0 inventory in the United Stares as this is an area ir. xMaich t
government through USDA. and CZ? has expressed serious interest.
Ir. ad
tier, there has beer, a great deal of pressure from CQr.-r.v^r.r rr>->rpsa
**
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ir. che January 26, 196/, presencation indicares that the
r:ilicary's needs v;ouid be ".et tor lets capitel outlay and,
m accicion, production would be res lined at a e u c h carli_e_:
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ir. m e creser.tr crocss: anr. »r.icr. r & c m r s extra c o s t for
err Levee crotectfioh, D m her. p l z r . s ur.d zen.-c-' z o .replace ::;■
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T H E

17 Juiv 1963

D O W

C H EiViICAL

C O M P A N Y

U 1 D '- * X C

Office :: Assistant
* ¿3 - ----V

^ - - g: ■

"cir.

:;uci5£=

C w k • • •« »

atf kk •

d.

c.

General J. A. Kebbeler, Director

(ZA-1S0)

- O f ' * ' , : « ^ *—•

hear "General

.** 3 . .ns Dow Che a:la a 1 Car.oanr
presented :: v £ ' r z z - z 9 q verr_T.er.rai agenbf.ee t h e a a van rages r f _5uasr Orar.aa (K3393? =.s a .:°:air h.erbf.rife :;r
u s = ir. Vt'ernar.
TeehAlaal ¿era g-jciorain; this p resilee
was left: with. these agencies.
_r.a_ua=a uaar. m e aaaa
------ r . '

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*3

aive : : stiarlng. wii:h ¿Jia f t c u arraa.esfc the c o s t c f this era 1 1 c a t l o n for e v a l u a t i o n purposes!
77i ears a i m i n g at ¿'fra_y
a.. — - “¿-_ana r a aaa e r ^r ana e O.j 3 9 3 » a a r.c a a a a a a are
raverraaer.a ir. arae.r aa € ^ £ ¿ 1 ^
6 the exp?
e x p e r i m e n t. T h i s waul;
_______

aanaarr.ee.
•••e reea aa ai
_.ie aaverrraena 1s ac\
c£e a h a rasa effiaier.a praauaa traducing aha -auickesa ana
mpg r
l £ > t i h g results .
.-.a ahe^ssr.e tire we wa-aaa like aa re¿— rhasiae ar.aa our prate aa 3?.-7-1 per gailar. is based an
aaraaul inputs whian clearly indicate ana a cur faaara crace
XTe would appreciate hearing fran ycur office as soon as /■
-passible indicating any cevel-aar.er.es which have occurred as
a result or our meetings ana this proposal.

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KXDIAN3, ’Mich.', gar.
March 2 9 , lily-

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_ ¿r7-

¿''7. K- Howe
Biochemical Hi:search Laboratory
1 7 0 1 ’Building
cc:

•h?-l

F - H - Riley
R. N- Smiley
L. 3- Grant
C- 0- Kutchenre-uther
F. C - Amstutc
W. P. Falsey
G- E — Lynn '
• YJ. K- Gill
M- G- Yfiltse
B- E- Fletcher
U. L- Corbin
D- D- Irish
J. E- Peterson

J. C- Tucker
J . Vs. Harris
H. W. Feinauer
E . C - Staehling C, E. Ctis
X. Y . . H ansen
r . c. Horr
X- _I- McCoy
.
J. D. Doedens
X - 0 - Barrens
H. R- Hoyle
r
5. B- Holder, H . D ..
h".
tadek
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ri>.
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L-.-i- 3?

REPORT O H THE CKLCRACNE PROBLEM MEETING ON 3/2fi/o5
Present:

Dr- J.rMr. R
Mr. F
Dr. Ed

.’IT’' 1’ '^A'
-X -.
fih
^v
--r-;

ggp Chemical Corporation. I"
Company
:-HVl

¿ e y . ^ M ^ r S ^ ^ s P o w d e r Company

• i. vr

•h

y» K. rgcapnsd the Dow situation in terns op the problem;.;
find the initial studies b v Toxicology and Environmental :
R esearch Laboratory regarding the in-plant situationHe,
expanded this in general terms tg^Xi.%^
pur3 ana other -’
neanl^n__
G&f
,
__ ___ ^ n ^ H e referred to the evidence

rrrrt^TTrt*rf*^rr~tt^PT~
*8

c^ i S * ’except to review the evidence L o r their
r£^lstence in the process samples and end product’s.
-., c;ic -tCT TO INJUNCTION
CONr'.DcN»-*-.- ir
v ;EpA A G 1 ^ aE-'* . ^

$

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29, 1955

Vii
c’
.i_expe rienc
'••..e medical side of
v<'e rie nave acbroxlrra teiv
~Y
a 3 e s.“""cil
ials with c ;ii o ra c r7F~rà ng.iogJt^ ccl .v-;0..se;'? - 2 _c ase:
oea r n e s e _ n e
were dlfflcuIt
s-or.a verv mild cases'
t- rr T ■» ò r» <r
ices 0 1 uns more a rama tic case
;hd.'.fe
exclusively views 0 1 the faces of the irciv G hi3.G.•!> a f f l i c t e d ..
He described in fair detail the appearance of the indiviKe then
•duels mentioning the blackheads s p e c i f i c s 1
c
mac
e c-n. these studies
that
are
bean
’--iviewed the clinical
people with eschar.! 3 " e:~. che liver function tests. H e ;m e n ­
tioned the single liver biopsy that has he on taken, and
studied in which the liver was normal although the roan had
.T'
ìj.cer

>"'• O

CO
U—►

ris—-touch°(1 bri of It or;-,!.tHa.5»t-h.gnt indicating;rtha ^asioss
feoolca^t^^^
cféicribed““the q ^ ^ ^ i ^ysaBlWk.
had
been _______ ,n r- '--■ — - -_— — __ r-TTTii.-i-rT^^ ^
________
he r.satlori&L
that s ome f¿riows^ar'e a p preaching ‘m e end of their- trouble
two or two and one-nair yeang^.ailter onset: of the skih~d~i~s^~.~ar.r w n i c h is arx acuì
-^der. Ke also described"
J l a m a t c r y condition that appears conseaeraoly sooner than
the normal chlora che in individuals-anc appears alter prp~~ * ■
!j-g,'?1e~exposure.
The acute chloracne shows np w i t h i n
Tiere w
disorder i t s e
__
___ e more similar to the 1
vTTiicn^iSow has experienced in that there w e r e _______
1?jvg^rBpar.pj^raorler~tran the m ultitude of small blackheads
arfcT eruptions WhicTTlDow is seeing ih 'th F -curran t cases.
t* - ^ ¿ r. g „.. . ^
slides of
(that
r>-y,^y<»r
hap b e en exposed to the s?pmmetricaX'^ttzza e h T S i b e r r s c dioxin.
He
"discussed
the
in detail wlncesTT w i l l not attereot
L. _
^— :--------- :--------------------------*
-cy>^S5K»
»-o summarise. •
—

v1 • K. mentioned the studies in which thu
;bi.t ears have
teen treated t-fith TCBD In benzene cr corn oil and then
v.’ashed w i t h
•**f»
Ke ^Igpi:
^ataiXI
Silvern te in. described the plant study on w a s h i n g
°f contaraination from tools and surfaces.
This study
idlcated that benrena, acetone and Cnlorothene N U were
effective in removing the contaminant from tools and also
that detergent and water with scrubbing action.could clean
UP tools and equipmentSome discussion ensued on the use
13-

$

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23,

1955

GTO

v,

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I

■o again that

•is approach

Jh
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it-

"T.~;

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a±6^iy^o&£4S^t£^^^^‘
fS''6iiJuSas e chromat
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;d

c

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t;j be ruccessiui.

4

r

materials. He
•sapor'liable
me and trl—
T C 3 D jin. this

1
n

f;
?
r
;
t '«

material Is 10 ppm.
ph e

j

b?cf~c?f*propionic .
•Very discernible- p e a k
He men—
tinned that he-might estimate 0.5 ppm in some instances b u t
t o be conservative the analyst reports <1 ppm i f the p e a k
does hot measure up to the quite identifiable level of 1 ppm.
The analytical problem has not yet been solved f o r th ;
T-Acld e 3 t e rs. The general procedure used for the T-Acids
is to extract the sample {arbitrarily about £0 grams) with,
chloroform (about 40 milliliters), filter the- chloroform
tc remove fisolids and w a s h with an equal volume of W/lO
'austic to remove any acidic materials. The chloroform
jctract then is concentrated by evaporation tc"’one-tenth
the original volume; thus, the concentration, of the diox in
in the chloroform will be ten times higher m a n m the
original s a m p l e . W h e n the analysis is conducted on tfri— .
chlorophenol, the material is dissolved in M/l caustic to
the extent of 10$£, and this solution is then extracted
with the chloroform and handled as indicated above.
LX-isd^^n*^

A question was asked about the utilization of detectors
other than the flame ionization which is specified i n the
Analytical laboratory write-up for this analysis.
Gill
h a s ’not tried the micro couiometrie detector because h e
is not set up to do so, but he has experimented w i t h
electron captureHe stated that theoretically this unit
should not .provide a n y greater increase in sensitivity.
In actuality he found a slight increase in sensitivity, but
1. there are usually too m a n y chlorinated species present
1 which may saturate the electron capture cell vjhcse recovery
I., is too slow to be of practical use. He summarized b y s a y —
j, ing that the slight -increase in sensitivity’is n o t Worth
f the effort -to switch from flame ionization to electron
*J capture. A question v;as asked about how’ the extraction is
b; Performed.
Gill sts.ted that it is performed in a wide
j • moutJ> bottle on a shaker for one hour(It was -not n e n h
qnsd . but it is the case _that thls _lp_d_cne_Jlt r nnrrr
i' temperature.) He mentioned that spiked samples Inve b e e n
K
^ 3

2$7

¿¿¿&&:f

tHaaateaaa»i3aaafflBs^j*7-ra.i&^ ^
.
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;-i.;-; thin w a y and the recovery ranged from £0 to 100 per
¡j::';v The ratio of solvent to the materia), being extracted
on this step is not critical according to Gill, ‘
j.hieir
,
:-h'r.c?.r-J .procedure is 20 grams of s a m p l e ’and ¿iG milliliters
of chloroform.
On trich)orophenol samples :n'oeifically, 20
grams of phenol is converted to phenate — abend 10 p e r cent
concentration. in water.
The phenate solution is extracted
nith 20 milliliters of chloroform in a. single extraction.T ;:- oh i o r o f o m is then, concentrated so that the csrcentraticn
-n--- JT
the criminal s a m p l e .
of the dioxin will be ter: times thal

cI
:i
n ;

i

,lTxch
CDC
£jl&

XA

The question of volatility of dioxin came up and Harold Gill
.stated that h e •found he can distill o-dichlo;.-cierreae a w a y
from tatrachlorobenmcoion'in.’ ’He said that in. his opinion
the secret .was to avoid distilling to dryhess.

/V-rJe

A m ember of-the group asked if samples of c Landsrd TCED w e r e
available. ' The answer was yes and 100 mg sámeles w e r e provideo to one of

m«■SS» » -

si * .wvifc..
ægwaggf
was provided to the group

glov

.we used

*5 -/.

¡.tit

Disposal

U sS
oratory s tudy ,.oL

*-r*

H a r old c S il statfed' that Ihs labwsg.we

r^i >jS,y^ T € ^ n ^ our practice of burning small-amounts of
S 1JloXin "was a. safe eñe." "
~5 '" "
'"' •

VULCpu^vjc.

<V. K. then outlined the project in which plant samples and •
^ p r o d u c t s (not mentioned by name) were so Iked with, known,
^.amounts of the TCBDThe snlked samples w e r e split f o r the
;purpose of checking our analytical prcceoures fob recovery
‘2nd correlating these results with, the bio-assay m e t h o d .
tí- ijrr

,:
y n e question of specification, quality control specification
l ^ a t is, w as raised and we were asked if we could rive levels
tVojr djjaxln contamination wh icn were permissible xbmXtsT
~
.<Swf(k»v>í?:
a'
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.

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019197

rsn-Î
Ta.iT
-i trher: d i s c u s s e d
e dr. ta fren ___
an
íT__n.
___
p u r s s y m m e t r i c a l . te t r a c h 1 o r c b e n ¿ o c i o;c

— -

>J U- —r i -

liarch

~Ij os es
’
p
arts
per
billion
to
1000
parts
p
e
r
<-*‘*C3— ‘*-> '"'
^
of tetrachlorobenrodioxin in. benzene hac .been. LCttii¿ist cr ed
;o the rabbit ear- Dosage in most cases vas 0 . 1 c3. per- dayDoth single -and multiple exposures have been studied and
multiple exposures administered on a five days p e r week ■
bas is*, -in«-’, significant Tac tors in the study are d ose,, t h e
?n
^ ' applications "año the oays"_t5rT*exposure of the
•— r- o

2

5*.

’ ';

' *qr_

T h e r e s p o n s e w h i c h is r e p o r t e d I n t h e g r o s s o b —

serva ti.cn of the condition of the rabbit !s ear* b y
toxicologistsThis does not include pathological findings —
there is not enough .data in this area to ciscuss.
The .level. .
response ranges from none through very slight, slight,
slight’ to moderate, moderate,’ moderate to- severe, severe,
and extremely severe.
Jack: indicated "to the group that
there is not a sharp definition between, these categories of
response and indicated also that there is some difficultyin, granhinr this tyre of response. He .described the response
f^pm single applicaticniPto’'the rabbit ear first r at 100
p2 rts per million there was a severe response i n eight days;
at 40 parts per million there was a slight r e s p o n s e in
.g
eleven days; a t '20, 10, 7 and 4 parts per million, there w a s y - ’H
no response.
These tests were run on s i n g l e .rab b i t s and •
ci
-viithour washing the material off. Jack then discussed the .
.multiple application data which he took from his m a j o r
. f. ;-graph of this data. The important points that h e made f r o m .
this data v;ere first that at the limit of .VPC sensitivity b ■■
a severe response may be produced.
In other words, even i f .
the
VPC
does
not
detect
TCBD,
an
anlmaX~re'sp'on'se~~inay~stillr
5^>:
occur!
His. second Important; point was that the Induction
period for response averaged about ten days o n t h e animals
in the studies.
.I'Cvl'

There was a brief discussion then about the a i r samples'that
were taken in the plant.
Silversteln mentioned t h a t some 1
air samples have shown activity on the a n imals.
T h e degree
of respohse'Tb Slight and the number of samples t h a t chow
•
activity is small out of the total number taken a n d the
sm.ount of air that must be sampled is very m u c h lar g e r than,
the amount a man normally breathes in a n eight h o u r day.
The meeting was 'adjourned. The group then p r o c e e d e d to the
||?i Toxicology Laboratory to view some of the test animalsThey
werg. shewn resoenses of varying intensity and these were
p£
described- T h i s d e m o n s t r a t l o n a p p e a r e d to h a v e c o n s i d e r a b l e
fehr hnoact.
,
fry/

r\^(//X2K
^LlvcrSzeXn
ti-_ Biochemical R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y
ft'

^-701 Building

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a t id sr.ov/s _gc. e x c i t e r . D ia m o nd and M on san to do not is o la t e th e t r i cKloT-onK-2 noi to p u r lfy._it, but m ak e a ll d e r iv a t iv e s f r o m th e ¿ o d iu m s
--..laiy.-ji.i: of- .ilo r.s an to_|s 2 , 4 . 5.r.X.n e ichshc^-U£*--3--^-S—ppr-. ^ e x c i t e r
an ai y ¿«¿-s o f -D ia ct o n 'd ^ ^ g d iy issfrie h l^ r .a p iisa ste ^ sbasisL-S?-JÌ.

r*" .’

v ' j o f ToricoiOijv’

’.'h e r e a r e p u b lic a tio n s in th e m e d ic a l j o u r n a ls a lle g in g c h lo r a c n e
r e s p o n s e i r o n 2 , 4 , 5 - T a c id and d e r iv a t iv e s . B a s e d on o u r CiCtu, wo
cu n r a c i l y s e e ih c t s u c h a r e s p o n s e can o c c u r fr o m im p u r e 2 . 4 . 5 - T ,

-.r th.,. ^

-- -

■ •■ i>->'Vr j;

SgTrtir?SiSüä-i
tarrc. We h a v e c e m o n s t r a t e d p o s it iv e
fs p e r b illio n and e q u iv o c a l r e s u l t s a t 4.-0 p a r t s p e r b illio n
We h a v e d ev .io p e c a q u a n tita tiv e a n a ly tic a l p r o c e d u r e w h ic h v i* l a n a ly z e
fo r th -; o::o-..er at 1 . 0 ppm . s e n s it iv it y . O v e r 5 00 s a m p le s haw? b e e n
a . - . a i y s ¿.-d b io lo g ic a lly c h e c k e d ¡.c d a te . We h a v e a l s o I s o la t e d and
id e n t i- ‘ce. tr.e u n s y m m e t r ic a l te tr a c h io r o d ib c n z c c io x in and it i s p r e s e n t l y
b r in g :K i;ked fo r b io lo g ic a l a c t iv it y . In a d d itio n to th e id e n t if ia b le
m a te r .a It. VPG s h o w s s o m e 15 a d d itio n a l c o m p o u n d s w h ic h a r e o f
ur. kn ow n a c t iv it y and id e n t ity . F u r th e r r e s e a r c h i s r e q u ir e d to i s o l a t e
v . g ia- ..tifv th e s e m a t e r ia ls to d e te r m in e -th eir s ig n if i c a n c e .
- n e m is s ia j
. -k i ‘ th is e n tir e stu d y i s that th e r e is no q u a n tita tiv e r e la t io n s h ip t o
r e s n o n s . and hum an r e s p o n s e at the p r e s e n t t i m e .
'il.

C o n ta c ts with T r ic h lo r o n h e n o l P r o d u c e r s

D
T crcico
rrrr'

p r educe r j ,—

/■^_ .W7’. - . * •** • . '

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i«586.
o u r a n r J y .ic a ! .v.eth od s.

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v e r b a l s e c r e c ' - ’ i T g r e c m e n f r T'tv a :s ' r r r a td g J~tol t h e
10

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to

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to th e

T E .Ì S T f e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c ie s .

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-<r. <.

!î. *roer-.b*rT

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B£»

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I attandad • n aa tin g lo d a r mV-Ugretnfr^fl
l a 3 t . Zoulft o it h
o U a r rapresenta U r e a o f th«’T ^ ^ =^ ^ T 7 C 7 ^ ^ :^ S S T ^ 7 ^ T S :::^ :pc»*
im i afanda ir a u c u tlln a d an tba a fta e b o d . Proaant varai

John Cannar - Co ine l i fa r ?UCl but l a afroo la n ce " atteadanoe
B i l i Sonora - Legai S t a f f - Kong anta
P.ofcert Parer - C a r e n i *’ i n a p r - l g . B IT , - Hcrtasnta
Dea* H u ff - Mene anta
S t a - C . Cani e La - •■ ionaanto
"9»d" Zoreft - Konaanto
Kon JlT<5ni - Sereni»«
H . H. Howard —_
Dan r u l l a r - Hootear
3taa 7 — ¡¡oolcar

--

rizS^Sfi
V\JQMSre.|tJ
EXQiPTQ
C/‘ ,T

Irrrttod b u t noi présent - Dore C m ' and C M p u n , botb o f «ha* h o w w r
r o c s ltt e d production c a p a c iti« « tbrcugb Thoapecn-flayeard'e Kr« H . Y / K o n r d *
Ibiitrrlted and n o t preaent — Thobpoan Q e e r lc a l and H of fe a n - T a ff. •■ — - _ N E P t t £ C g §

(TIMES 6 3 s c ^ =

9aaad epen prasant ln du otry ¿ a p a d t y ta praduee b o tS-D -aad . T# aa oppcead
t a présent pureftssa p a tte r r j o f ttie m i l t a r y , l t vas em cludad we haro B
cas« ta proaent to tba le f/naa and C o v e r c e Deperoaeofca« 7îlcrpaao—Rayw»rd, e
■ Yr. Kaa&rd agreed ta cn aly tftla «ndaaror, «cita Jetai Ccnnor betng arpetnted «a
tfi# rrtm p'a C o m c i i . Lxricnsas ara a n tld p a ta d t a ba m lnlnal fo r toa fo r w e e a b le
fu tu r e «>d «rf.ll œ d o u b ie d ly ba snaied b/ tne p a r t ic ip a i! ne 6 a e t i r eoapaalaa.

isM

m

A t b eat va bote ta c r e e m t c m p la tlc n e f tria Haldon ¿p rin g t plant o r « t la a a t
co n fin a l i a production to cn ly tfaat menai t o T or il naoBea by tfta Coransearrt,
b u t en crai ion La fra a lndustrÿ^ " a u i l i w l l l ba suteilttad to you s«-"UWy tra
B T a lla b la *
O f cenarmi In ta reo t ara tr a follow inj; animal produotlcn c a p a e ltlo s aa s e o r a tly
a id a it la d to .“T . Coneor today. He to ta la d tnea and eux diseuse l o i ttx n
cefltsred about tne to ta le cnljri
2,1.Ç-T
2fb-0
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6 p a r t ie l p atin e am b ars

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TE Z T O I J A T I O X P I t O J S C T -

19S6 A X D

19S7

•Following * longthy session Involving several of our roso u r c o
people aest immediately concerned, our thinking and r ccoanendatioas v o r e brought u p to date as follows
XIL1TAKY XKEDS
(is expressed b y

Govcmaent
Blchxond)

Procedure at

7 0 S OEAXGZ I K GALUDXS

1S66

•1967

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Xov.

D ec.

Jaa.

Feb.

bar.

Apr.

Say

Juno

2202

3702

3702

4202

4202

<202

4202

4202

4202

4202

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•

I t a p p e a r s l i k e l y t h a t t h e 4 2 0 , 0 0 0 gal. p e r
O r a n g e w i l l c o n t i n u e f r o u J u l y 1907 t h r o u g h

*
O r a n g e i s e O a p o s o d of 4
"of 2 , 4 - ' P ' p e r g a l l o n .'..

lbs.

aonth need for
D o c o u b o r 1907.

A / l - l of 2 , 4 , 5 - T a n d

.

f
4

lbs.

A/Ff4

T b e 0 . 8 . c h e m i c a l in l u s t r y a t p r e s e n t c a n p r o d u c o 1 7 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0
lbs. o f 2 , 4 , 5 - T a c i d a n n u a l l y an d 6 5 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 of 2 , 4 — D acid.
F o r e i g n s o u r c e s a r o p r o b a b l y 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 lbs. of 2 , 4 , 5 - T a c i d
a n n u a l l y o r less.
„
.

5

B o t w o o n now, A u gust, a n d tho e n d of n e x t Juno, t h o m i l i t a r y
» i l l n c o d 4 , 4 2 0 , 0 0 0 gal. of O r a n g e or 1 7 , 6 8 0 , 0 0 0 lbs. of •
2 , 4 , 5 - T a c i d . D u r i n g t h e s e 11 nonths, IAS. i n d u s t r y c a n
p r o d u c e a p p r o x l r - M o l y 1 0 , 1 9 0 , 0 0 0 lb s . o f 2 , 4 , 5 - T w i t h n

/¡fP r b c r ' o s y ?

jin

’ C &

•

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scceii 1

r e s u l t a n t s h o r t a g e t o t h o m i l i t a r y d u r i n g * t h i s p e r i o d of
•approxiwatoly 1 , 4 9 0 , 0 0 0 lba. of 2 , < , 6 - T a c i d or o a o u g h
■^,4„5-T t o s a k o 3 7 2 , 0 0 0 gal. o f O r a n g e .
The military
*
. r e q u i r e m e n t I s In a d d i t i o n t o t h o c c = * a r c i a l r e q u i r e m e n t s
o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y 10 Billion p o u n d s o f 2 , 4 , 6 - T p e r y e a r .
e

"Dader t h o - p r e s o n t p r o c u r e m e n t p o l i c y o f " m a x l o a m O r a n g e
h a la a c e Tbirdoo** w e o a n e x p e c t t o s a i l s i x o u r 2 7 * * 5 — T
' p r o d u c t i o n ( 5 7 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 lb s . a n n u a l l y ) p l u s 3 7 2 , 0 0 0 g a l l o n s
of T w d a a 1 0 1 X i x t u r e if t h e m i l i t a r y d e a s n d e d a l l t h e
2,4,5-T production.
^Priorities hare not b e e n established.
T h e result has boon •
t h a t s i n c e c o m m e r c i a l b u s i n e s s Is s o r e p r o f i t a b l e t o tho
I n d u s t r y ^ ^ h « ^ i ^ l l ^ 3 p r _ t e a _ n o t b e e n o f f e r e d a r e a t h e e x i s t «»

i n example:
**
- s '
*
• •
•
* 1.
'--Between A u g u s t , 1 0 6 8 , a n d J a n u a r y , 1 9 6 7 , t h e .a i l i t a i r y •
has need fo r 2,320,000 gallons of Orasgs.
e

Industry has bees willing to cosait
gallons of Orange.
,|Jt

to only

1,208,000

T h e net result has b e e n that the procurement officials
have contacted Dow Government Affairs regarding
1 , 1 8 4 , 0 0 0 gals, of T o r d o n 101 f i x t u r e to b e s h i p p e d
£-* f o l l o w s :
(Ga l i o n s )
•
:*:V

• Aug.
25021

Dept.
20021

Oct.
20021

•Kov,
Dec.
2002 • 167«

Do w capabilities:
■.25021

502

.* J a n .
1672

•

1002

16-CX

16421

Our capabilities with present thinking on
s u p p l y t h o * w i t h 7 7 5 , 0 0 0 gal. r a t h e r t h a n
w h i c h the y desire.

472

T o r d o n 101 is t o
1 ,184,000 gals,

.. k ‘J

V o c o u l d s u p p l y t ho a i l i t a r y a d d i t i o n a l q u a n t i t i e s of
T o r d o n 1 0 1 f r o a J a n u a r y , 1967, t h r o u g h J u n o , 1967; h o w o v e r ,
wo havo no lira connituont
and thoroforo havo little
a l t e r n a t i v e but t o s u p p l y o u r n o r x a l c o a & o r c l i l c h a n n e l s
.r ° r 1 9 6 7 »
to v o u l d b o w i l l i n g a n d h a p p y to d e n y tho
c i v i H a n * a r k e t T o r d o n f o r 1 9 5 7 if v o c a n g o t a f i r » c o a a i t » e n t f r o a tho a i l i t a r y soon. I Z v c n v i t h f i m - c o a a i t a o n t a
.wo w i l l b o u n a b l e t o s u p p l y t h o a i l i t a r y w i t h t h o i r t o t a l
r o q u i r extents.
- y
K

••
C.

ugust

X. O t i B

11,

1906

»
$ 7 . 3 0 por p i l o n on O r a n g o a n d $7.64
1 0 1 U i x t u r c , b o t h oi v h i c h t r a c o r .

.

.

•

3 v o a though o u r o o t p o t l t or« have b o on q u o t i n g a loecr
p r l Q Q o * Ctentpjs. I b o T T o v o I t ..is I n o u r H b e s t ~ i n t o r o s t t o
e o a t i a u a P t b q u o t e $7.39 p a r p l l o n o n T o r d e n 1 0 1 lllxtur«.

.

V h e r o o l s o o t o i e u r r o c o a o n o d a t i o n a t o ycru a n d L e w l a s o t
t o s u ggest our p r e s o n t l y successful stratacr on Orange and
T o r d o a 1 0 1 n i x t u r d — 5 e — c E T n c » d 7 n B u t _ r a T 5 « :— t o r a c o s M o d t o
y o u a p r c g r a n w h e r e b y s o c a n s u p p l a n t b o t h O r a a go a a d T or d o «
1 0 1 K l x t u r e i n tisto t o s e l l t h o s a x i s u s o u t p u t of o u r T e x a s
T t .r f W t p l a n t w h e n I t o o m i o n s t r a a s J u n e 1, 2 8 6 7 ,
• m“

Accordingly v ®
1.

*

s u g g e a t:

A s u p e r i o r i o r a t u l a t i o n * t d 7 s o l d to*-tbs a d l i t a r y y *
t h i s f o r a u l a t i o a t o c o n t a i n 1 lb. o f ' T o r d o s A / Z ,
2 l b s . o f 2 , 4 ,5— T Á / Z a n d 2 l b s . o f 2,4-D A / Z
• ■

.

___

per gallon as esters.

«

2.

This formilation to be applied at a 2 gal. per
acre .rate rather than the presently used 3 gal.
per acre rate.

3.

Tbo price to bo such that 3 pals, of this proposed sixturo be relatively competitive to 3 gal.
of presently used Ora nee. This is another sojor
reason that Ora net»,should approach the $7.39 per
gallon price rather than tho $6.00 per gallon'
price

V h i l o t h e a b o v e o f f e r s a d v a n t a g e s t o Derv, t h e s t r a t e g y
o f f e r s p a r t i c u l a r a d v a n t a g e s to the a i l i t a r y w h i c h arc:
1.

Kore

e f f l c l o n t 1_ _ l o n g o r

l a s t i n g d e f o l i a t i o n '.

2.

A d e q u a t o s u p p l i e s of 2 , 4 , 5 - T u n d e r
duction capabilities.

3.

Logistic advantages
cation.

present p r o ­

in t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d a p p l i ­

Assuiting t h a t t h o r a t e . o f c o n s u n p t i o n f o r d e f o l i a n t s v i l l
c o n t i n u e at t h o 4 2 0 , 0 0 0 gal. p e r o o n t h r a t o , v c c a n p r o j e c t
t h o f o l l o w i n g w i t h t h o n o w formulation:

V 7--

■ G e m ili

• V o hivo boon q u o t i n g
por pilIon o a T o r d o n
‘l o v o s t b o o k p c i e o a .

*
~ ..

fir".>

1 .^

c
C.

X.

Aucuat 1 1 , 1060

Otis

1507

P or*u latina
3,4,5-T A/X
Tordos A/E

July

_ Aufr.

ßept.

Oct.

Xov.

Doe.

2S01I
5001!
2 6 0 It

2602
S6012
28012

2S012
50011
2801!

2801!
5601!
2802

2601!
55012
.2602

2601!
5601!
SSOH

§

22c
.'H*

1068

Terautlation
2 ,4,5 - T A / E
Tordon A/E

I
t

•

*

Jan.

Tob.

- liar..

Apr.

toy.

June

2S01I
560X
26011

26012
560 a
26012

2S012
56012
2S012

260)2
56012
2601!

26012
56012
230U

26012
56012
2601! .

Tills pro^r»» not only trould Give better defoliation but
vould only use up 6,720,000 lbs. of 2,4,5-T annually srbich
c a n be M t by present national production.
This should be
of Interest i n Richmond.
*.»
If 'the eovarraant establishes priorities on Oranco, sro c a n
expect to sell 45,0*10 to 5 0 , 0 0 0 lbs. of Tordon A/E per
»oath or n s$axl«aie of 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 lbs. annually but vith thn
iorocoifis roccnxncndation ve believe so can sell 260,000 lbs.
of Tordon A/E per .»onth or 3 , 3 6 0 , 0 0 0 lbs. annually.

/
«

/
V i t h ■the a b o v e i n n i n d l t ' b e c o n s n e c e s s a r y t h a t v e s « t a
g o o d f. f a i r g a r k e t p r i c o f o r O r a n g o.
Xay va have your
: C Q n m a O n tC ?

C. A . B r y a n t , Rannscr
Industrial Ycsctatlon Control
Aci'icultural a n d I n d u s t r i a l
Bioproducts Sales
Resource

people

22a I c o l n B a r b o u r
J o h n D rana r o n
Bill Gill

presc*nt:

X. Y. Hanson
Paul Kitty
11. G. tiltsc

sk

©

.32

JR

ro
o.
o
o

£ 1* h *b t

T*
1

IN THE DISTRICT COURT OP THE UNITED STATES
2

.FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OlCoKIO
3

EASTERN -DIVISION
4
5
6

ELEANOR C. PLAS,
Executrix, Etc.,

)
)

.Plaintiff,.

)
)

.

)
7

vs.

8

)
>

*

8

Civil Action
No. C lo-9k6

RAYMARX INDUSTRIES, INC. )
)

Defendant

10

•

)
*

*

11

12

COURT’S RULING ON GOVERNMENT•SPECIFICATIONS
»

•

»

13

TRANSCRIPT OP PROCEEDINGS HAD BEFORE THE
15
16

HONORABLE JOHN M. KANOS, JUDGE OF SAID
COURT, COMMENCING FRIDAY, APRIL 22, 1963

17
18
19'

•

•

APPEARANCES:-:
On behalf of the Plaintiff:

20

Ronald Motley, Esq.
John McCarthy, Esq., and
Thomas H. Hart, III, Estf.

21
22

•

On behalf of the Defendant:
%

23

Richard J. DiSantis, Esq. and
David Hellott, Esq. -

k

24

273

TUESDAY A-FTERNOOK SESSIOH —

KAY 3. 1983

CHAH3ERS DISCUSSION

HR. HART:

I would like to cove

that any reference to Governaent specifications
be stricken —TEE COURT:

What you are moving

Is to strike the affirnative defense of
Governaent specifications.
MR. HART:

.

THE COURT:

Yes.
Dick?

•

MR. DiSARTIS:

-t.-

I believe there

is

evidence In the record froa Mr. Scowcroft that
........ /

regarding the coarse of dealing with the
Goveraaeat, when conpanies such as Ray best© a Manhattan would sell to the G o r e m n e n t , that
they would be required to do so pursuant to the.
specifications set forth by the evidence.
THE COURT:

The evidencethat I heard

is that Raybestos - Manhattan invented the naterlal
which they sold to the Governaent; they worked
with the Governaent on specifications, and the
*

material they sold to the Governaent was the sane
material they sold to the private sector.

Mo

1

C E R T I F I C A T E
2
3
4

I* Gloria A. Dixon, Official Court Reporter
5

la and for- the District Court of the United States
6
7

8
9

for the Worthera District of Ohio, Eastern
Division, do hereby certify that the shore and
foregoing Is a true and correct transcript of the
proceedings had herein.

10

11
12
13
14
15

1«
•

17
18
19

20
21

22
23

Gloria A. Dixon '
Official Court Reporter

•

•
* ••

•
«
1

•

\

^

•

IT4XJ4A hOum JA. A*T 1**4
40 •^ctÉÌ a Ì^ ‘C*« !•««.i «i
S/W. <•—. i n— é
. ., ~-X OC —67 -2 -fl 1 T?
¿ m o ir

Lc
g

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fc- >• *.>».*> IJ

M / | q /tf 7 .

a-< UcJ.-

AWAXD/CCMTZACI
2. ^«31*1 M )
*. 1« ■ ■ » ■ CTr»

.i ii-u PC422
D«Jm n G«narx4 Supply
Rlcamoed, VLrcsu« «3219

j

U ^ C c T f v i ^ -G J c À
, F _
0 1
DS^: UlO)(,P

p •

[ 1 1 *.

^ a n *** *ot «*sv2**** oan^4 hums u a *
■*- J •“•'Ot«»* «is, 1. ,
u g t t j unci

I n Sria «dui* -

19 Anr 67
cans

-TTT^7 l^3

—

—

a caos|

□

1136 V i h l n x z s a . S t m t
St« Louis, Missouri 631m .

Q'

f*uurr c u n i

.•%

n

r

•* * •
Tlvsgpaon. C i e a i e s l s Cor?«
3023 L o c u r t S t r » * x
7St. L o u i s , Mo. 631C3 "
«

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J

AMT !Q/n*«L *04

_!
caos I

•

1
«

12. MmWT «U M «fit R
FIMI
D l a b u r a l c s CiTice « ICAS3
11 2 6 V ^ a h i c s t o a Str**t
St« Louis, M i s s o u r i 6 3 1 ^ 1 -j
J3

> «

-c-

lat

rrr<cr.C?0 gl 63 C6 2S «04300

^ r \ \ CS

-

-

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•

1

t

E % k i lo / 1

u ^

f

I

■.

- PROCEEDINGS

OF

THE

i

I

|

FIRST . D EFO LIA TIO N

CONFERENCE,

. 29 - 3 0 J U L Y . 1963

6

-

•4

*-<
•<

i;
7;

JANUARY 1964
P
I

16

Secondly, ve need cuter!-» 1* that will act rapidly. As General Delnore
. seated, lx Is premature a: this time to say that these materials should set
. . vithin an hour or a day or some other finite unit of time, but ve certainly'
want them to act as rapidly as possible. 1 know that this factor vill be
discussed in more .decail later.and I will say no more about It at this else.

V >
.

1
It goes vlthout saying that the pat c r i s i s nust.be applicable by ground .
•and air spray, chat they gust be ioglstlcally feasible, and tftet thtv crust"
be nontoxic to husans and livestock In the area affected, hot only should
these materia la be nontcsic, but It aeess to me that it Is important that
they not have any cosmetic effect. If, for example, a material had a marked
red fluorescence and a number of people were obviously stained by the material,
then our enemy might derive considerable propaganda value from this fact even
though die individuals vere not in any vay injured by the material.

%
In a very real sense, this program In defoliation Is a little bit unique
vlth respect to the usual ■military-industrial collaboration. Ordinarily, in
military BAD ve have a military concept that leads to the statement of a
military requirement, technical characteristics, performance soeclficationa.
and other strictly delimited aspects. In this program ve do not have rigidly
specified characteristics. I have stated acoe of the broad requirements
that a successful cefollating chemical should nave, but vithin this general
irangworc ve vill accept and use materials that'will do a job for us. In a "
fev vest» it may be that ve vill come up.vlth more definite specifications
but at the moment ve simply solicit the assistance of you gentlemen in
finding materials that can be used successfully vithin the reasonably broad
aod general guidelines that General Deleore has stated and that 1 Have re-

P«*ced.

*•

..

_It bas been both a pleasure asd a privilege to speak to you gentlemen
this morning. Z knov that I speak for all of us vbo have responsibility
in this prrgram vben Z say that ve are most gratified at thé very vesderful
response industry has sbevs and ve are confident that your interest end
your capability vill lead to success in this program. .

•

.

V
y.

. »«
à

:ji
h
*
■u. • **-•
■
v

im iE S g £ & & a
- E fjvfcitr, ^
fa r
h-co^nDsmu.. s v ijc c r to n a s ^ c d o h
OC. t a Ar*J_4-l-n, DQW/E7A AGSZMS^T 9

• ■**».
.. Y

K*J », l£fr3
■.-ÌV,t‘
.-■“.'ir
.i
Ai
I** aOil
:• / . i(

fi,4,3 -T J^rn ntnUDCT 3TZCI7XCÌTICT

frweafc at coafwscc«i T. C. Amtata
R . C. EnfT.
Li SUTTrateltt —

L. 0 . Vhlto, Jr.

£3

■■’It'i'r-

H. C. Pctoor -rtPSL - £ 37 Solldlr^
X. A. tolta -2,4,3-" - 267 CalMii?s

>
>

2
Tfc* preduot spoeifleatloa T e r 2,4.3-7 sali tea t w

IH

i.ar.me ®

<7. J. flaulatl

eax

Eh
Eh

.-r • •—
• .i

»'

£

otaaffod

to 1 rwio<> <rr| i-tiye.1 r» X"OT* 2 ,3 ,7 ,B fcatracbicrobcoro—p-dja^lo.

Ikf1

"~^n ecafvrroea «aa twld to «ilacreaz tho diaria ttddlticn to tbs
■ paoinr c t l c a .
It v a * docided to *«t a ? X e*flaflV»if"farotxaa
. D_o m produatloa or- 2,
- 4,5-T
- --t asld.
o r tostine t e r ttia dicrrln la
Tir» proeadgro la llnu<1 troie*.
l a araljau» fra» tata g«3»T»§ diaria laccar »111 b t r e a c n
abipz- nt e f 2.4 .b-TrTeblbreptonol «ad rapurtod
to Xf. J. Scolati bofera ti» trote cor la naloodad. CbtalnlE;
a n d io pern o ; ef tea eoalrala vili t o tbo r w a p o a Ubili tj o r
tbo TritiÌilaroptrynQl P o portarat pero eneo 1.

I

. lts é
• V v “;* ■ic
• » •«!

*•

!*:

i-r.
» .•ric->r•*.•l'rt'i* »
l\
t * • Vi-?#
.•5m ? if
•*

IX

mrn~+i «-f-v

. ,

f.

,

• t iV
2. A.spot ¿arpia (l q oart) o f prodoatloTi 2 , 4,5-T « o l d vili
bfl tatara coca a m a * arai dlrlded lato tltrro parta.
2art eoo
vili bo avat to Barolo Olii t o c Q LG diccela analyal«.
tù rt
tro vili bo «eót to L a r r y Sllvarstaln. Peri tfcroo vi l i ba
tarpt la Lab ¿ 1 f c r a rrtalperr,
!

T i»

spot »arpia era bo oltbar tba irat o r dtried «old, b ovar a r,
lt arl^bt ba adriaablo to alternata tb e t a carpi*« trttrnewr
peaaibla. D r y «old la rat aluajt avallatila «a th* dP #t ti
cot operatoci full tino and febea thia e e eora lt vili ba noooaiarj
to' saepla ttoo w t «ald.

7

C » carpio of w t M l d vili bo rubrrltted to tf» lab ubar* lt
«111 ba tfrled la tha «ir a Irò a latta; o t t o .
Tlia e rro drivi
»sepia vili tbaa bo eent to tbo pervertimi llatad aboro,
A eopr e f Olila diaria
S il Tarato la andTSo??^

aaaiTvla vili bo m t to Scalati,

.*i

.a

E*k;i,;r
THE

DOW

CHEMICAL

istricled Pursuant
der. “ Agent
duct Liaoility
DL No. 381

MIOUND.

MI CHI OAN

THjs is x m_c c ~?y. nrr
A N A L Y T I C A L

j

COMPANY

t

M E T H O D

c c r~ '-“~H
A f° « ‘n : : c - * T

tsiz::zzz.

Juris 2 2 , 1 9 ^ 5

KLW.6 5 .ll

THE DZ7EP.MIMATICN OF 2 . 3 .7.3>TZTHACELGHC'IIT^EIZ0-d -DT0XTII
IN 2,^,5-THICHLCHÖPHEJCXYAÜETIC ACID BY-----GAS -LIQUID -CHROMATOGRAPHY
1.

Scope

Tl*.is nethcd i*s applicable to the determination or 2,3/7,3”tetrachlorcdlbenpo-p-cicxin In. 2,4,5~tTichlcrcphenc:cyacetic acid.
T h e dioxin can be defected at the cne p e n l e v e l with a lower
limit: Of Q . 6 ppm possible sd optimum cps-aiy r.r| conditions.
2.

Principle
The 2.3,7.8-tetrachlorodibennc-o— dicnin is separated f r om.

■t h a - 2 ^ . ^ -tr L c r .lo r o p n e n O h T a c S tic a c i d fcv n e a r s o r an e x t r a c t i o n
w ith , chlc.rpipjrr:.. T h e , c h lo r o fo r m e x t r a c t i s c o n c e n t r a t e d and th e n
2 .1 .7 .¿-terraciiorcdlbenro-p-di£sln_
•sample is measured and compared to a known standard.
3.

S a f e t y P r e c a u t io n s

B T W O al MINI; £920 9 0 Nil

D E im TIA.

zy

•

2,3,7,3-Tetrachl crcdlber.no-?-dioxin is capable of causing a
severs delayed skin response (chlcracne) upon
Sanpies suspected of containing any o f this compound should be
handled so as to prevent all skin contact and inhalation. Wesr
•*-—~°ryjous nleves (rubber, polyvinyl chloride, etc.) ?: all v - g «
wnen contact.is a possibility. Clg?n all eculoment with acetone
followed, by a chloroform wash. Dispose in such a manner as to
p revent all' skin contact, any potentially conoammates equipment
; or materials wnlcn are not -rp-m-.y cleaned with -chlcrof crm~,~~i.e.,
tcweis. gloves i_=_
4.

Apparatus

(a) Gas chromatograph, Aerograph A-cOO-D with flame
lcniaaticn detector, Wilkins Instrument and Research, Inc.,
. CD 2 °
Walnut Creek, California, or equivalent.
CDCD
(b) Recorder, -0.05 to- +1.C5 millivolt, full span, one-seccnd
fv 1 1 respense time-.
wV
ge, Hamiltcn r.ic t o .
or equivalent
O
Syringe,
ge, Multifit 5 cc, Bectcn, Dickinsc
ion and Company,
or ecu!valent.
1 and Company,
gs, Yale l A cc, S(
&
or ecuiv
5Ö
EXHIBIT S

$

CONFIDENTIAL
D is c lo s u r e R e s t r i c t e d P u r s u a n t
To

C o u rt

O rd e r.

"A sent

O r a n g e " P r o d u c t L ia b ilit y

Jur.e 2 2 , 1965

•2

L itig a tio n , M D L

No. 3S1

K LW . 6 5 . i l

Prorerlnrp

if) Cer.trifuge

(g) Injector Insert, Pyrex glass for A-600-D. Available
fret:.Wilkins Instrument and Research., Inc. , Walnut Creek,
California (Note 11a).
(h)
-Column, 1/8-inch O J . , 0.08l-inch I.D., stainless steel
tubing, five feet in length, .packed .with reagent 5 (c)- ■
.:5 - • R e a g e n ts
• (a). Solid support, Chrcmoscrh.V, 60/80 mesh, Johns-Manville.
(b)
,Partitioning agent,. SZ.-3 0 ,- Silicone gun .rubber-methyl
. (Note.11b).
(c) .Column packing, five percent by weight cf SI- 3 0 on 60/£0
. .mesh .Chromeserb-W. Available from-Wilkins Instrument and Research,.
Inc'Walnut'-Creek, California.
id) Carrier gas,, nitrogen,, commercial grade.
.
(e) Chic ref c m , ACS grade.
(f) 2,3*7,8-Tetrachlorcdiben::o-p-dioxir, available from
.•.The_J5gw Chemical C cmpar.7 , hi ¿land, IHi'chigan.
.(g). Sodium hydroxide,. 1 .N solution. -Dissolve 40 grams of
reagent grade sodium..hydroxide in .one-liter of water.
6 . -C hrom ate g r a p h ic C o n d itio n s

i

ro

a) /Cven temperature T 225°C.
b) inlet .temperature,.- 28 0 °C. ’ ,

c) Carrier gas flew rate,. 75

per minute as determined

-by the moving scan bubble'technique-.11
(d).Attenuation, such that a response of at least
of
scale is obtained from a 1 . 0 microliter sample cf a standard
containing ICO micrcgrams cf 2,3,7,8 -tetracilcreditenco-p-dioxin
in one milliliter of chloroform.
- 7 - P r e p a r a t io n c f S ta n d a r d

8.

P roced u re

. ( a ) . W eigh 1 0 .0 grams o f th e sa m p le i n t o a f o u r - o u n c e b o t t l e .
( b ) .Add 2 0 . 0 m i l l i l i t e r s o f c h lo r o f o r m and sh a k e f o r one heu
(c )
. P la c e th e s o l u t i o n in a c e n t r i f u g e tu b e a n d , w i t h
p r ep er b a la n c in g , c e n tr if u g e f o r f i v e m in u te s .
( d ) U s in g an e y e - d r e p p e r , draw o f f a s much o f th e c l e a r
c h lo r o fo r m l a y e r a s p o s s i b l e i n t o a tw o -o u n c e b o t t l e .
¿-i

51

%

• ÛÜ04G1

(a) Again read Section 3( b ) W e ig h ,, u s i n g a m i c r o - b a l a n c e , on e m i l l i g r a m o f 2 ,3 * 7 * S t e t r a c h l c r e d i t e r a o - p - d io n i n i n t o a t e n m l. v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k .
( c ) . D i l u t e t o th e mark w ith c h lo r o f o r m .
( d ) I n j e c t a 1 . 0 m i c r o l i t e r sa m p le i n t o t h e c h r o m a to g r a p h .
S e e F ig u r e I f o r a t y p i c a l ch rom atogram .

i

June

19S3

22,

-5

-- -KLW.65-11

-

. * ( e ) Add 2 5 c l . - o f 1 N so d iu m h y d r o x id e t o t h e c h lo r o f o r m
e x t r a c t and sh a k e f o r 1 5 m in u te s ( N o te 1 1 c ) .
. ( f ) C e n t r if u g e f o r f i v e n l n u t e a .
•.
(g )
U s i n g a f i v e - m i 12 12 i t e r s y r i n g e , draw o f f a s s u c h c f - t h e
b o t t o m c h i o r c f c m . . l a y e r a s . i s p o s s i b l e i n t o a s n a i l v i a l . -N ote,
. t h i s v o lu m e .
• ( h ) .-E v a p o r a te t o d r y n e s s i n - a - h o o d ,
( i ) . T ;’alee up •with, c h i o r o f o m . t o 5 -C ^ o f t h e volu m e n o t e d i n . s t e p
( g ) . * 'T h is f i n a l s o l u t i o n r e p r e s e n t s t e n g r a s s c f sa m p le p e r m l.
.S r ■
c f c h lc r c fo r m .
( J ) I n j e c t 1 . 0 m i c r c l i t e r i n t o t h e c h r o m a to g r a p h and m e a su r e
t h e r e s p o n s e o f t h e 2 , J , 7 > 8 - t e t r a c h l c r c d l b e n z o - p - d i o x i n . - F ig u r e X L
.
sh o w s a r e n r e s e n t a t i v e c h ro m a to g ra m .
■"*
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W.

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s ta n d a rd .

• D = T he a r e a c f t h e r e s p o n s e fr o m t h e 2 , 3 , 7 , S - t e t r a c t l o r o —
d ir e r r c - p - d io x in in th e sta n d a r d .
- Z. = T he a t t e n u a t i o n c f t h e c h r c m a tc g r a p h f o r t h e s t a n d a r d .
rnu

j
*
*«
. C^ ,

*

ppm c f 2 , 3 ^ 7 , S - t e t r a c h l o r o d i b s n r o - p - d i c x i n = D A x x £ .3 x x 1 0C
o

.0 .

c

A ccuracy
T he a c c u r a c y o f t h i s m eth od i s ^ 5 p > o r l e s s ,

r e la tiv e .

.

Ch-.
»h.ct

rc- •
.1 .

N o te s
( a ) C l a s s i n l e t l i n e r s h a v e b e e n fo u n d t o b e n e c e s sary^
w

Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Court Order. "Agent
Orange" Product LJafcil.ty
^
Litigation. MDL No. 381

£

%

to

i

- -4A -

June 22, 19&5

M L W .6 5 . l l

-(b) •Silicone FS-1265 (fluro) has been found to work well as
a. stationary phase. It also is available from. Wilkins Instrument
and Research, Inc., Walnut Creek, California.
(c)
Any 2 .4,5-trichlcropheno:cyacetic acid which has dissolved
i n .the chi or of o m -extract rust _b e^renov ed^aS‘ it will interfere .with.'
the chromatographic analysis .of the 2,5.7.8-tetfachXaroaibengo-p-»
4^

.

^ ^

r

_

12.- :Analytical Laboratory. Heferences
•

• •

*

.'(a) Gill, E. E . " T h e Determination of Compounds Capable cf
Causing.Chloroacne in 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol Process Samples b y
Gas-Llcuid Chromatography , MLW.64.19, November 50, 1964.
ib).Silverstein, L.,-Personal Communication.
( c ) T i f f a n y , ? . A . , A n a l y t i c a l L a b o r a t o r i e s , B o o k .9 , .
.ppv. 92/ 1C2. -•
- - -

sjs

c

■’?. A. Tiffany
E. E. Gill
Analytical Laboratories
57^ Building

000403

£

CONFIDENTIAL
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant ^
„A
1 ° Court Order. “Agent
^
1
Orange" Product Uabil.ty
6)

t-'tigafion, MOL No. 381

^

•

T

Js

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K L W . 6 5 .ll

FIGURE I

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June 2 2 / 1965
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BCV«KAKCM D £ P * n T M £ N T

H e P C u ls S INCORPORATED
IL’H K A K C H C E N T E R

cc:

f i r . -j. i>i. j^ai/an
M r. C.- L . Dunn
D r . H, A. Tav e s *
M r. A. Z . C on n er
W ilm in g to n , D e la w a r e
J u n e 1 5 , 1966

MR. E . E . CHRISTOFANO, MEDICAL DEPARTMENT
. FROM

J . J . FORD, 'ANALYTICAL DIVE SION
DIOXIN FORTIFIED SAMPLES FOR BIOASSAY TESTS
In accordance with your letter of November 18,

19 6 5 » the samples listed below are being sent to you
for transmittal to Dr. Oettel of Badische, for use in
the bioassay tests.
Approximately .10 grams of each sample (except for
the pure dioxin sample) is included. The samples are
packed in four shipping containers, and the contents of
.each are listed on’the.outside, of. the container. The
individual samples are also clearly identified with
an appropriate label. I have Indicated which samples
have, .dioxin added to them, but have not shown the . .
-fortification level on the label. If you wish to
provide Dr. Oettel with this Information, it is
included in the attached list. . It would be useful to
point out to Dr. Oettel that the samples from Group 3
and Group 6 are more easily sampled if heated as
indicated.
.
*

JJF/cbb
Attachment

.

K

O

K .4
5 «

' * afA

Mr. E. E. Christofano

Page 1
Attachment

June 12,

1966

SAMPLES PREPARED FOR BIOASSAY TESTS •
(1) Standard 2,4,5 T Acid With Added Dlor-fn
Sample De signatlon
XI4867-41-1
XI4867-41.-2
X I 4867-41-3
XL4867-41-4
XL4S67-41-5

O
2

5
10

20

(2) Plant Grade 2,4,5 T acid with Known IMorin
Sample Designation
2 2 5 2 8 0 -5 6 - 8
X I 5 2 8 O- 5 6 - 9

ppm. -Dioxin
5 ,
1

;

v) Plant Grade Sodium Trichlorophenate vjith Added Dioxin
•' . Fortification is based on a 35 ^ NaTCP Content.
“
Sample Designation
XL5 2 8 0 -5 5 - 1
2 2 5 2 8 0 -55-2
.X152ÔO-55-5

•pom. Dioxin
.
•• - -

:

X I 5 2 8 O- 5 5 - 4

.

225280-55-5

'

'

0
1.2
2.4
5.7

15.0

Heating the above samples to 65°C. aids in sampling.
.

(4) Dioxin Sample - 2,3,7*8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dloxin ^ Designated 225280 -56-IO.
(5 ) ’2 "Ethyl hexyl ester of 2,4.5 T with added dioxin (Brush-Rhap LV-4-0,
Fortification is based on 44.1# 2.4.5 T acld;%c
*

Sample Designation

ppm. Dioxin

22528O- 56 -I
•XI528O-56-2

0

X152BO-56-3
25280 -56-4
.JL528O- 56-5

5
10

2
20

(6) lion-saponifiable fraction from wash solvent still. Designated
225280-56-7. This sample contains unreacted tetrachlorobenzene
and relatives, anisol of trichlorophenol and related phenols,
toluene and a sma31 amount of NaTCP. Sidwell. believes this is
'8 $
n 'w o u ld en d up i n o ur, p r o c e s s .
We a r e s t o r i n g
— ~ -■i’"n.--* rirnmt> npp d a v . To melt,
o°l

LAJtCH V T - T / J C r U L X T

ttE

© W D a * COWPAMY
T-J' *^7H CZ-VTLS.
«*

EVhib/t 37

Wilrdngton, Delaware
A u g u s t 2 §, 1 9 ^ 5

ANALYSIS OF 2 ,4 ,5 -T ACID AND BaTCP FOR "PrCEny" IMPURITY
Attached is a summary o f the an alytical data obtained to
date on the "dioxin" content o f current production 2 .4 .5 -T Acid
^ron the Jacksonville P lant. Also included are the values
stained fo r three NaTCP samples. At lease duplicate analyses •
have been performed on each sample; th is includes individual
extraction and workup p rio r to gas chrocatograpfay. Values
enclosed by brackets represent m ultiple injections o f the same
e x tra c t.
%

*

The values reported fo r the RaTCF are calculated on an
as received, basis. I do not know the actual K&TCF ©ontent, Z
fe e l these results fo r the HaTCP sables imply a greater
s e n s itiv ity than we have demonstrated to date. These are
simply the values calculated f r om a g iven response on t he GC
©urge o Additional work, including fo rtific a tio n and recovery,
should be completed before much csqpb&als is given to a difference
between 0 .2 and 0 .4 p .p .a .
Portions of samples representing Lots I , g . Q^ and curre c t '
have been sent to Sow fo r aa&Ijrgig along w ith three. saraplegLto
which known amounts o f dioxin hayo_b©ea,&ddod»
The remaining samples o f 2 ,4 ,5 -T Acid submitted by
Jacksonville should be conpleted shortly. These results w ill
be coassunicated to you, &a well as Sow*a. fin d in gs, as soon as
a v a ila b le .

■ af

JJ?/*es

£B

u

Dr. M. n, Tavea

Attach i t
page 1

"

»

Auguat 2l . 1»*t5

1
1

•

•

Dio x in values FOB SELECTED SAMPLES OP 2 .*!, 5-T ACID AND NaTCP
i
Sample

■|
•

*

v]'

rK
•

Avcm.e
Vair.c

Lot L

3 . 6 , 2 . 9 , 3 . 0 , 3 . 2 . 3.0

3 *c

Lot M

6- 1-65

( 2 . 0 , 4 . 0 , 4 . 9 ) ( 2 . 6 , 5 . 4 . 5 . 1) ( 1 . 6 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 1)

3. °

Lot N

6- 15 * 65 !

2 . 3, 2 .(>, 3. 2 , 3 . 6 . 3.3

3.0

Lot P

7- 1-65
i»
,

3 . 7 , 2.9

v •T
~
.t

¡Lot Q

7- 19- 65 ,

( 1 .48, 1 . 8 ) 2 . 7 , 2.5

2. a

:1Current

7- 7-65 !

1 . 7 , , 9 . 9 . 1 . 1 , 1.6 ( 1 . 5 . 1 . 2)

1.3

■1

D.p.m. Dioxin

WaTCP

Batch 202

<1- 23-65

( . 18, . 21) ( . 25, . 23)

0.2

1

Batch 260

4- 15-65

(.’ 33. , 31) ( . 52, . 63, .*<l)

0.4

4- 9-65
X13307- 95-2
vi .<
■>. :
- '!.*■''■v■■'
..V*v.
•

( . 81, . 81, . 70 ) ( . 88 , . 6<l)
•"*
•

o. b

vl
•

,

V j-

•

1
•

»1
•
y

6^
<sr\

(
c
r

• iDate1T"|
4- 15- 65 *

Dealgnatlon

* 2 , 4 , 5-T Acid

1.

. . .
*
•

.

•

.,

(

i-1't'
1

~

.

•

..-7r^,V

} /fcctt
•

•iW-

-MR." H.- E. W I L D E R - WILM
MR'. J. M. EAGAN - SYN. •
MR • C • Xj• DONN. - SYN. - WTLM.
TECH. FILE

H E R C U LE S POWDER COMPAJfY

'- "Sc '*-.*

^--jglhg- r e p o r t :of'^yehig'meetfng- W ith -r epresentatives of t h e Dow--r.'
Ch e m i c a l Company o n t h e t o x i c i t y - o f trichlorophenol.impuriti es i s - , ^
v e r y i n t e r e s t i n g ' a n d ^ p ^ _ c q u x ^ e ^ v r i l X r b e ^ h e X d ...in.¿confidence.
.. • .
-Vs'r:I'*''-xiy'
.
:
r•
*.<Jj“ J . * o ! b r t X i x i e c C “‘,
fabi jotr-by-'teieghone-'a't' an- e a r l i e r date,’ it'iVt-l,“
' ':-?■<.'6varb e l i e f that;- the-; •temperature and ~concentration- conditions w h i c h -y '
.. . - .3'we- use:‘in' --the-.production :.o£ -sodium..trichlorophenate. are- such, t h a t r ' V
”3 *Vr‘-v e r y -little^:-if a n y v of. the--compound. 2.^3 ^7.
78-tetrachlorodihenzo-p-;*'-'
“. JL’
dioxin,-±3 p r o d u c e d ,y~W e -believe .thgrt_ii: higher c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a a d r';.’
»gjffnHingly,. h i g h e r tem p e r a t u r e s .¿are employed in ■the p r o d u c t i o n o f ** --V

:.i';:-T w a- molecules, of- ~Zy4 , 5 - t richlorophenol m i g h t react.*

;

.:•. -jai -..='
;., • » >•:. d : . .
•-

:■-••

# •

•

[/;8-■t etrachljorodihenz o-p--dio

- I

-It is our opinion' that such a reaction would be favored by
high concentrations of sodium trichlorophenate and high temperature.

H 0 1 332

*

tc

4OCW
- ■*

w
■«H .

H E R C U L E S POWDER. C O M P A N Y \ *. “1..

¿V£" ^ / I t - m a y - have .been;, a , ' f o r t u h a t e c i r c u m s t a n c e "-that' o u r : ■:i:‘
■•'rV1: production- procedure^wasiiiniited ini' pressure- .by^ thei d e s i g n •
.
“ ‘V;characteristic's--, o f :tth~origina hives selT purchased- by/'lle’
a^orr^/^^i^
'pill -C o r p o r a t i o n ;pwhich,-isutomat=fcally-’f o r c e d ’nai:to\operatai\:
*
-at.'~l o v e r -temper atureg-'and-iowezr.ico'n'centratlons'..' ¿A'InVany--' case*:
_j
the*. reactioi%-pf-caugtic'Jiritir-'syinetrica±^ t e t r a c h l o r o b e n z e n e -it
inethanolr £s;^de£ii^-tely/^oth"ermic:".amd;:/since methanol;.and-"
" .*’ v.*:di n e thy l^ether-r-produced- a s - sl ;side Jproductr- have'* h i g h vapor-f
*afc%ir

E x p e r i m e n t s ' c a r r i e d ,out->‘in '.a. small; (Illi tex) F a r x p r e s s u r e * ^
bomb.-''a -number.: of< years.- agovindicatecL" to -us.-.that-’i f the- c o n c e n t r a —
'J,
ration .'of* a l c o h o l -is-: t o o ”.low*: -or ::i £ l the. c o n c e n t r a t i o n of:, caustic; i k ^
•1;.".-a "toa’-high* 'excessive: t e m p e r a t u r e s _ a n d '‘pressures** a x e ^ i e a c h e d »;*e v e u a r ^
icient.'to caus&i.p y roXgtic- charring;-o¿7 the ’chargie-^“y.tTnder*:* t : s u c h ■conditions*^it?~±si.’poss±ble;-;.tp- use-_up- a l £ -the\ c a u s t i c v a n d

■■ . ..

*\ .

*,?

r

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-

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HO ]333.

Mr. T. E. Eowe
Blochralcal Besearch laboratory
17Cl Building
••- ;
Cie Bov Chesical Ccapany
Midland, Michigan & & 0
Bear T. E.:
*!*h«nv yon for your letter or May 13 regarding Bnalysis of 2, 3, 7, 3«
l.r
a d d» 1 have:not replied before now because
1 have not bad each to report other then^continued frustration of our analytical
.people*
As you probably hnov, two of our analysts Tialted Mr* 0111 In Midland
-and reported a pleasant and satisfactory TieIt. In brief, the aajor difficulty
vas associated vlth a difference In tba standard adjustment of the flnar lrpinger
In relation to the m ission coll of tvs dlrferect models of the gas ehrcoatograsfco*
It appears this Is a critical point fbr this detezrds&tlon vhlch no one e-rer
anticipated, im O -n d fw g GC neaulheturers. This profalca err,-id have gone on for
years. I tfaisfc ve are finally underway.
'
Thanhs again fbr your help.

-

-

_

Sincerely,
^-¿bterPr^ftavley^Rj.D«—

Chief Toxicologist
JPy/esv ::
cc: Mr. 2« P. Vheeler

HO

EXHIBIT^ $

IT* hi b i t
THE

M ID L A N D ,

u i c h ic a n

February 3,

1967

DOW

CHEMICAL

COMPANY
o
O

S. JOHNSON
M 2 ,
’v3V / .
¿¿¿Ss/fs**/

To :

V.

cc:

T?. I*. Corbin
D. E. Pletcher
J. H. Gowell

From:

*.

4 C

?
or
cr.■

K. Rowe

J. UcCoy

TH O M P S O N CHEMICAL CCUPAN y '. ST. L O U I S . MISSOURI
Ur. M. S. Buckley of Thompson Chemical phoned Howard
Sheldon February 2, indicating that he believed they
h a v e a s e v e r e _chloracne problem wi.t_h_soue of their
e m p l o y e e s . He indicated that they already have two
men affected and believe that they nay have two more
employees that appear to be a-ffected as well.
They
are usi n g Hooker*s tetrachlorobennene to make th eir
trichloronhenol.
"

*•

Buckley w a s asking if Dow would have anv recommendations
for m e dic al treatment for their employe e s . "’We do not
feel friendly toward this competitor as~~far a~s busines s
relationships are concerned but believe that any advice
would be in order.
If you concur, he would appreciate
a p h o n e call and his number is Area Code 214, JE 5-660S.
Jk

(pS

i

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■if.« £i,XloviTTg ^participated in various discussion r-fssicns on
r e l a t i v e -te 2 , 4 , 5 - t r i c h l o r o p t i e n o l : :

t .*>

46

i

#

M S v ^ G v ^ ^ ^ T f T i a s s , Dirietor of HarissCing V v
Kr, L. E. Grants General Sales .Katwger
Hr. w * L« Corbin* Agricultural & Industrial Bloprcducts Sales Manager
iir. 7. V. Harris* Sales Manager, Chemicals Departure
Mr. J- C. Tucker, Product Sales ^nager^,.Industrial CheoicalSri.'-'.-^V-,-;,
Mr. C. E. Otis,.Manager, Plant Science Dept« of Agri. £ Icdus.Bloproducts
Mr. L. Silvcrsteln* Biochemical E
e
S
e
a
r
c
h
v:
^ - _-c=sss Ooedens, Chemicals Department CProdectic’v-)
R. J. Mlnbi ole. General Sales Manager, £t. Leu is Office
•
¿rzx**
t^tszy&Z-9%^z*TTxm? .':.f 1 . j .
s1 M /
. . . n .m i
Pres 1rdTnT"-----dr:
~ * ..^iiiSl^aa&Sg^Vice Prciic'inEj Researeb & I?svelopc?crit:
^r* pogeens expla5.ned_rjia£ cases of chicrr.cng b e r m csvclcpir^ In the
triciUorophsnol,_gxgdRS£Xgr.__s»l.jin? in Dccggbj^r,_l%04, r.r.d vers particularly
nryciccsblg aaons aalnter:ar»cs esn. He said that & tv-u^crary erasure taken
reduce chloracr.e teas to -charge the conditions of hydrolysis cf trtrachlcrnbrnrene to tricnlorocbtriol, p^rticuXariy th*. lowering ef the pro*
ouctlor. race to-about 2 S3. cf ngrzsal.'• Other steps ere being taken to;.'" /\v
¿•-prove output of chlorecr.cgen-free material and include adding ©ore,.
£
P^ccjcrlon units, end caking a thorough study or optic-uo production-:
conditions.
•
•'• .
'h« ^^'v;€*,3tein stated that an all-out effort was b-clng cads to check ; '
Presence of chioracrtegens in previous batches cf trier lorophenal.EvEj
¿.ch had been retained. He raid the method being used was sensitive - ';'.
The latest analytical method has not even been b i t t e n up,
sn
merhod (HLU.fcA.i5'> cf Hovecber 30, HSc<f ver- presented to •:
^'^apsotH^yuare,- Also, D r 0 Silverstein presented to Thospson-Hayuard; thf'"*i3Cr enC*s *et* **Xhe Preparation of Trichlorophencxyacetic Acid Avoiding
'{
-5
^ or:3 3 tIon of Chloracoc Exciters.** He offered Co ^cqualnC Thompson—
f->-ard analysts with the current trcJlhod^of__cnalysI/L for chioracnegens
they would visit Midland, Michigan.
„
“ *^v ersteln also etotsd that the chemical or gas chromatographic
fiv‘
J cd °f a n alysis for ch3crtcr.ttrtns w a s not &3 sensitive as the a n i o a l
^ asthod wh 1ch invra 1vrri rcnivTt>ry~~f*TTute »n1TT?T7viT? Fn
r r< r^Kbi-c cars.-

1
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Hs ;,vj e s t e d that in fiddleion f.o sending scctor.e ¿rsa? Chi analytical
¿•ipart sent cf Thoapcon-Kiyvjf.rd to litre Dow's tier. r-sthod, that ThoepsonHeyward' s industrial hygitr.lst clco ehr-uld visit Pou. He '»rCioncd Chat
V. VM Rove vc 5 responsible for has 1th he £ a r
ci Dew 1« ptoduc to.
'* V

Mr. fioedens stated that ' ? « of ths oca findings rc?r.rdii:g production
vert being tried cue ir> the plc-nt, and by February li? ts expected an
•t.-f
irdiccticn if it would ctiuLc in iepreveoent ir. cu*},ity and also in
V- voluc-c of trichloropiisvjoi produced. Ee ceased th.ir Qpy*; trichlcro/■ "■ rhrr.ol in the finished fero; cs it leaves Che plant ecotained c c~~dctecCfibl
cx-zv.'it ci any chiorgcr.cr-rr? '-¿ran. He flaid that cas rtTn^Esi^dues~i?id
rc-or
'.rir. sostc- &£ tnesa- fevortanegg; implying that cirer^e in ccehod of
•• handling the still bogie nr- had Co be developed, Me ft It Chat a reduced
* ‘ - reduction rate C25X neural) eight rcaslo in affect three or four eor.chs
v— less g. treat through occurred.
••
*
.
■'
Mr. Thompson reviewed •¿heapson-R&yvard*a c7.oerienc->_f.ri^prcduclng and

1&S&.

7" tit**tViat 11s e y l l S l I l l p ^ r » c d
§§§p c«f t iher
3..a e 1 *« ¿..wi

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----'

3 ?

b^ing
--- -----He eai«T^t^iTortunately this did not prove to be Che case,
a;
possibly
because
of
Che
eldest
complete
destruct'
o
r
ct
the
plant
by
firy
••t
nh.ich sxav hayg—'
consuoc d ¿r.y of Chg_se__cocpounds prer-ent^ He said he was >
impressed b y i & ' i n d by the quality of L-ov*s trich*
_ —

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•Mr. 7hcrcpson also stated chat he felt Thoapscr.-ricyvcvd had a firo contrac
He
with Dow for up to 1 ail lion pounds of trichlmrc-phcncl i n 1965.
---- said
th?. only exceptions vere acts of Cod, war, flood, strikes, or accidents.
' lie f;lt none of thcx-c, tic-u occurred, and Chat Duv vp® obligated Co supply
7!iCopron-Haj-vard’s requirements or to stand cr.y losses incurred by
•
7ho = pson-Hayward by purchasing elsewhere at higher price3. Ho Indicate.*
it rppeared likely that Thcc.oscn-Hayward could_purch.&3 ?_.«lgew.here, prp^
b?-.bly_frc.o Kor.se.ato vhc could furnish. about lQ..Ji^p;>:'ce1,cs of i-^opczyl
JUiLzxsi. 2 .4.5 -T. - ■
• .
.
. - . • • ■
H r. T n o c p s o n tc e n C ic n c d .th r.t u n d e r th e t e r c a o£ T h o m p so n -H a y w a rd e
t r l e h l o r o p h e n o l c o r . t r c c t w i t h Dow, T h o c p s o n - H a y ^ s r d w oa t o b e c h a r g e «
-

•

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5

Hr* Grant agriad ci;i; ihi

resc or,at

.¡-¡r, G n n C taid ha felt ths first probles- ter taking ej>rc cf cus t o « r s
and expressed surprise that Thc-sp? cn-Hsyward could cover Z. »ir require rjiriLs. He said Dow did not fsel they could do this end he v;s quite
pleased that 7 ho3 pxcn~K&yw?.rxi hsd beetj stars successful*
Various toys c£ handling the n£2 d$ of both Tbocpson-Haywacd
Dev
verc discussed.* Kr. Thospson euggested that it eight be lest, expensive
to obtain 2,4,5-T acid frea Monsanto, ship it frea Dcr^ to be convert .d
into ester, and then ship back tc Thoepson-Hayward than for ThoepsenHu, *ard to buy the ready-cade cseer froe Hons&nto. It vac decided that
this vould be evaluated, but that the cost loportant point was to take
care of the requireoents. Jis Doedena indicated that conversion of Che
acid sight be the least expensive route.
In a private discussion. Mr. Grant told Kr. Thompson that his legal
staff vould not let hlo adoic any liability1, but that Dev vas & coapcoy
that wanted to be fair and would try their best to work out a fair
sectlcoent for 7hoapson-Hcyv«rd to cover losses resulting froa Dow'e
inability to supply TCP. Mr. Grant felt that Thoopsm -Hayward should
seek to cover its needs for 2,4,5-7 ecid or equivalent free ether sourc
as long ts Dow *s TCP supply tituauiors recainsd uncertain.

$
It was agreed that 7 hcrp3 on-Hcyvcrd vould give further consideration tc
the purchase of requireoents ct 2,4,5 -T esters frets other sources and
then discuss the natter further with Hr. Kinbiele. Also, ell contacts
with Dow preferably should b* handled, through Hr. Kinbioic*
Llndlsy S. DcAtley
rebruary 15, 3.965

•

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DEFENSE SUPPLY AGENCY

Fsfi

11 fiIL^ULHI11/-2

DEFENSE GENERAL SUPPLY CENTER
R IC H M O N D , V IR G IN IA

K i l l TO

DCJC-1’

2 3 213

23 . I . n i 'j j r y 1953

jUP.J.iCT:

IF n -D JA -A O O -6 3 “ !!* J 7 3 4 — " p e e l f l e a l i o n AFP1D d i d 7 ¡<uv 67

TO:

C o .u .u in d in ^ O f f i c e r
llq JAAMA (SAOU) K r .

JiurcoTi

.t u q u e s t y o u r corar.isnts o n t h e c h a n p .e s p r o p o s e d b> Oow C h e m ic a l
Company t o s p e c i f i c a t i o n AFP1D d a t e d 7 NoveirL-o. l*.iA/ j s sp.»c?M~7d
in a tta c h e d l e t t e r .
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use

uftei Jen. I, 1965"

T O R D O N 101 M IX T U R E is recom m ended fo r use on u t i lit y
rig h t-o f-w o y s to c o n tro l u n w o n te d brush such os aspen, b a i
sam. b irc h , b lo c k b c rry , e lm . h icko ry, honeysuckle, lo cu st.
m a p le , o a k . p.ne, po.son o a k, sassafras, spruce, w ild ch e rry. ;
w ild rove a n d m a n y e th e r w o o dy p la n t species.
.

•

U 8 B P fi
Since T O R D O N h ^ 'b ic id e o
m in u te c,->ontities m a y cau
_ g w i n g and d o rm a n t pent
'. o t» *!rw ise p e rrr.it T O * D O N
;• ta m in g i t to c o n to m im te io i .

USE

CIBICTIO M S

b le p lo n ts n o r fo c o n to e rs u s c
R ow ers, grapes, fr u t trees, i

Use - g a llo n o f T O R D O N 101 M IX T U R E in 100 g a llo n s o f
»VP«, in c lu d in g soybeans c
w a tc -' a n d a p p ly as a d re n c h in g spray to w oody p la n ts, u p to
p la n ts A p p lic a tio n s by a iry
6 o r 8 fe e t ta ll, a fte r the fo lia g e is w e ll developed. Soray
p e m e rs should be c o rrie d c?
sh ou ld tn o ro u g h ly w e t a ll p la n t p a rts in c lu d in g fo lio g e . stem s • : -t fro m d r if t . Do n o t a p p ly by <
a n d root c o l l a r For h a rd to k ill species such os ash a nd o a k. • ' * ^ gropes o r o th e r d e s ira b le :
o ls o sproy the soil a ro u n d the ro o t col lar U nder good g ro w sprays are less lik e ly to d r i f
m g c o n d itio n s , m h u m id areos, a p p lic a tio n made up to 3 ' ^ ‘.^ c o n ta m in a te w a te r used f{
w eeks b efore fro s t is u s u a lly e ffe c tiv e H ow ever, a p p lic a tio n • *. ¿ d o m e s tic purposes. D o n o t ;
m ade w h e n the fo lia g e has lo st its n o rm a l green colQr a n d ^..«■.i l«Vers, seeds, in se cticide s* fui
v ig o r m a y n o t g iv e s a tis fa c to ry results
’ cause o f the d if f ic u lt y o f
a n d o th e r e q u ip m e n t follo v
NO TE

T O R D O N 1 0 ! M IX T U R E w ill not m ix w ith o il.

T O t t O N 101 M IX T U R E , sut

•T R A D E M A R K

/
A CTIVE INGREDIENTS:

4-«ml»o-3.5.6-tTlciil*r*pJc*4(«ic #«Wt
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3 9 .6 %
5 0 .2 %

IN ER T INGREDIENTS
A C ID EQUIVALENTS-:

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9 6 - 1 160

P rinted

In

U.S.A.

in

Pebruary

1964

REPLACES S P E C IM E N LABEL 8 6 - 1 1 6 0 . M IN T E D IN JUNE 1 9 6 3 .
THE ONLY COPY CHANCE C0HCE1NS A R E V IS IO N OP THE IN C IE D IE N T

STATEM ENT.

ft

I

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"I

‘W P

DGH5SG-J
PBICA0TIOMS
i r b i c i d e one! 2 •* C a r c h i g h l y p o t e n t , e v e n

is moy c a u s e d o ' x i j c t o p l a n t s d u r i n g b o t h
•nont

p e rio d s

rh rre fo re . d o

n o t a p p ly o r

EISLidS

fo r a p p ly in g o th e r m a te ria ls to desirab le p la n ts
Shipping
c o n ta in e rs should n o t be re-used fo r o th e r m a te ria ls w h ich
m a y be o p p lie d ip desirable p la nts.
N o t e - Be sure th a t a ll use o f T O R D O r f 101 M I X T U R E con­
fo rm s to local regulations.

F O R D O N J01 M I X T U R E or s p ra y m is t co n m i r s a t e s o il u s e « i fc g r o w d e s i r a b l e s u s c e p t i > n t o c t suscepr*t>i< p l a n t s s u c h a s v e g e t a b l e s ,
•u it t r e e s , o r n a m e n t a l s , c o t t o n , b e a n s o f a l l

l

soybeans and o th e r d e s ira b le b ro ad le ave d
pns by a irp la n e , g ro u n d rig s a nd h a n d dis; c a rrie d o ut o n ly w h e n th e re is no h a z a rd
• a p p ly by ¿ irp la n e m the v ic in ity o f c o tto n ,
d e s ira b le susceptible v e g e ta tio n
Coarse
d r if t 1. Do not a llo w the m a te ria l to ‘
er t -cd f<^r irr-g a» io n . d rin k in g o r o th e r
D o n o t jto re neur food, fe e d s tu ff, fe r titic id e s * fu n g it ••■ftn or b lh e r pesticide s Be:f ic u lt y of; th o ro u g h ly c le a n in g sprayers
*e n t fo llo w in g its use fo r a p p lic a tio n o f
CTURE, S uch e o u ip m e n t sh ou ld nor be used .

HARM FUL

IF

SW ALLO W ED

CAUSES

EYE

IR R IT A T IO N

M A Y

CAUSE

SK IN

»X R IT A T IO N

A v o i d C e e t e c t » M i Eye«, SA in a n d C l o t h i n g

In ( * m et contact, Heeh eyes eaW «hin eritfc' plenty ef water;
for rre t fret w eJIeei attention.
clothing end

fr O R I

OUT Of TH«

MACH

I m i r t jre eely oententinetad

Of

CHILDMN

ANp

ANIMALS

. NOT ICl

Seller m akes no w a rro n ty o f any k in d , express o r im p lie d ,
co nce rn in g the use o f this p ro d u c t Buyer assumes a ll risk o f
use or h a n d lin g , w h e th e r m a ccordance w ith d ire c tio n s or n ot
U. S. P a te n t N o 2,453,983 .

A IM

3 0 G a tte a s

T H B

D O W

CHBflflICAL

C O M P A N Y

MIDLAND, MICHIOAM

MIDLAND DI VI S I ON

«
3*1

■
H gR C U LH S IN C O R P O R A TE D
'. '. I L M lM , li.'N

i.C L A W A U r

1 O B !) Ü

•

f t L E P H O N f

' U V . 6 S fi •!) 0 I I

O c to b er 2 5 , 1967

y~?r a *
' - -'Ux

fsfi
M r . W. E . V a n d e v e n te r
SAAMA
Attn: SAOQT
K e lly A F B T e x a s 7 8 2 41
San A n ton io, T e x a s
D e a r M r . V a n d e v e n te r :
U nd er s e p a r a t e c o v e r w e h a v e s e n t you fo u r (4) c o p ie s o f p r o p o s e d
S p e c if ic a t io n s f o r p ro d u ct OR A NG E. *.Ve b e l i e v e t h e s e a r e both p r a c t ic a l
and s u ff ic ie n t ly r ig id to be a c c e p t a b le to in d u s t r y and t o the g o v e r n m e n t a g en cy
concerned.
A t ta c h e d to e a c h o f th e f o u r c o p i e s i s a *set o f a u x illia r y n o t e s
p r e s e n t in g s u p p le m e n t a l in f o r m a t io n f o r t h o s e p o r tio n s w h e r e the ch an ge o r
ad d ition s e e m e d to r e q u ir e a bit o f e x p la n a tio n . T h e r e m a y be s o m e p oints
w h ic h m e r i t e d e x p la n a tio n but d idn't g e t it; if s o , p l e a s e l e t m e know and w c
w i l l p ro v id e it .
We w ould a p p r e c i a t e an y c o m m e n t s you m a y h a v e and stand w illin g
to d i s c u s s a n y o r a ll p a r t s .
It c e r t a i n l y w a s a p l e a s u r e to h a v e y o u v i s i t i n W ilm in gton w ith u s .
We f e lt i t w a s a v e r y c o n s t r u c t iv e m e e t i n g and a p p r e c ia te d the op portunity
to ex ch a n g e th o u g h ts on t h is v e r y im p o r t a n t m a t t e r .
P l e a s e c a l l m e i f you h a v e any q u e s t io n s o r w is h c l a r i f i c a t i o n o n any
p o in ts .
V e r y tr u ly y o u r s ,

R . B . S cott
D i r e c t o r o f D e v e lo p m e n t
A ttach m ents
R B S :a lc

9

2>¿3

t

« 7 'Î4 3
2. 2

O ther P u b lic a t io n s

T h e r e f e r e n c e to the A s s o c i a t io n o f O ffic ia l A g r ic u ltu r a l
C h e m i s t s (AOAC), T e n th E d itio n , 1965 w as o m itte d s i n c e the p ro p o sed
S p e c if i c a t io n s do not in c lu d e the C l a s s a y p r o c e d u r e .
4 . 4. 2

For T est

L o t s i z e s w ould g e n e r a l l y be e x p e c te d to be l e s s than 545
5 5 - g a l l o n d ru m s due to p h y s i c a l lim it a t io n s for tankage and m ix in g
e q u ip m e n t, thus l o t s i z e w a s cut o ff at that poin t. F o r t h o se in s t a n c e s
'w h e r e lo t s i z e e x c e e d s 545 d r u m s , the S am p le S iz e w ould be d e t e r m in e d
b y m u ltip ly in g the L o t S iz e by 0. 0 1 5 .
4 . 5. 2

For T est

A lt e r n a t iv e s a m p lin g p r o c e d u r e s w e r e c o n te m p la te d but hot
In clu d ed . F o r e x a m p le , a sn ap s a m p l e from each o f s e v e r a l d ru m s of
a lo t , put to g e t h e r in on e s a m p l e c o n ta in e r w ou ld r e s u l t in on ly o n e .
a c t u a l s a m p l e for a n a l y s i s , th u s red u cin g the n u m b er o f a n a ly t ic a l
d e t e r m i n a t i o n s re q u ir e d ; on ly on e d u p licate s e t n e e d be run, g e n e r a lly .
A l s o s o m e thought was* g iv e n to c o l le c t i n g a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a m p l e by
c o m p o s it in g s e v e r a l s a m p l e s ta k en during the f il t e r in g s t e p , o r during
o p e r a t io n . T h e s e p e r h a p s m e r i t fu r th e r fcon sid eration .
4 . 6. 1

C o m p o s it io n

-

T h e in f r a r e d s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t r ic p r o c e d u r e for d e te r m in a tio n
o f n -b u ty l 2 , 4 - D e s t e r and n -b u ty l 2, 4, 5 - T e s t e r co n ten ts o f ORANGE
i s c o v e r e d in p a r a g r a p h s u n d er th e 4. 6. 1 h ea d in g . W ord h a s b e e n p a s s e d
on to u s that the P h ila d e lp h ia la b o r a t o r y h as b e e n q u ite happy w ith the
m e t h o d and it h a s w o r k e d w e l l in t h e ir h an d s. We b e lie v e it w i l l be an
e m in e n t l y s a t i s f a c t o r y m e th o d w ith r e g a r d to a c c u r a c y , p r e c i s i o n ,
s i m p l i c i t y and t im e p e r a n a l y s i s .
6 .3

I n fo r m a tio n

A few a d d itio n a l n o t e s co v e r in g o th e r r e le v a n t a s p e c t s of
O R A N G E h a v e been in clu d ed . Although fla sh point, f r e e z in g point, and
v i s c o s i t y sh ould not be s p e c i f i c a t i o n s, t h e s e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a r e d e ­
s i r a b l e to know, fo r g u id a n ce p u r p o s e s .

O c to b e r 24, 1967

%

*

MILO c t o b e r 2 4 , 1967

fS R -

MILITARY SPECIFICA TIO N
DEFOLIANT; ORANGE

1.

SC O PE AN D CLASSIFICATION

1, 1

Scope.

T h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n c o v e r s o n e ty pe o f d e f o l i a n t .

1.2
C lassification.
O r a n g e i s a m i x t u r e o f e qu a l p a r t s b y w e i g h t
o f t e c h n i c a l n - b u t y l 2, 4 - d i c h l o r o p h e n o x y a c e t a t e ( n - b u t y l 2 , 4 - D ) and
t e c h n i c a l n - b u t y l 2 , 4, 5 - t r i c h l o r o p h e n o x y a c e t a t e ( n - b u t y l 2 , 4 , 5 - T ) .
2.

A P P L IC A B L E DOCUMENTS

2.1
G o v e r n m e n t D o c u m e n t s . The follow ing d oc u m e n ts, o f the i s s u e ,
in e f f e c t o n th e d a t e o f i n v i t a t i o n f o r b i d s Qr r e q u e s t f o r p r o p o s a l , f o r m
a p a r t ' ¿ f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n t o th e e x t e n t s p e c i f i e d h e r e i n .
SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
FEDERAL
P P P -D -729

F E D -ST D -595

-/

D r u m s: M etal, 55-G allon (F o r shipm ent
o f n o n -c o r r o siv e m aterial).

-

C olors.

-

S a m p l i n g P r o c e d u r e s and T a b l e s f o r i n s p e c ­
tion by attributes.

MILITARY
M IL-STD -105

( C o p i e s o f s p e c i f i c a t i o n s and s t a n d a r d s r e q u i r e d by s u p p l i e r s in
c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s p e c i f i c p r o c u r e m e n t f u n c t i o n s s h o u l d be o b t a i n e d
f r o m t h e p r o c u r i n g a c t i v i t y o r a s d i r e c t e d by the c o n t r a c t i n g
o fficer.)

*

MIL-

«T-' M G

2.2
O ther P u b lic a tio n s. The follow ing docum ents form a part
o f t h i s s p e c i f i c a t i o n to the e x t e n t s p e c i f i e d h e r e i n . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e
s p e c i f i e d t h e i s s u e in e f f e c t on the d a t e o f i n v it a t io n f o r bi ds o r r e q u e s t
f o r p r o p o s a l s h a l l ap pl y .
A M E R I C A N S O C I E T Y F O R T E S T I N G M A T E R I A L S (A ST M )
ASTM Standards
“D 6 6 4

-

M ethod of T e s t for N eutralization N um ber
by P o t e n t i o m e t r i c T i t r a t i o n .

D1533

-

M e t h o d o f T e s t f o r W a t e r in I n s u l a t i n g
L i q u i d s ( K a r l F i s c h e r Me thod).

( A p p l i c a t i o n f o r c o p i e s s h o u l d be a d d r e s s e d to
A m e r i c a n S o c i e t y f o r T e s t i n g M a t e r i a l s , 1916
R ace S t., Philadelphia 19103.)
U N IT E D S T A T E S P H A R M A C O P E IA L CONVENTION, INC..
-•
“n.
‘
.
The P h a r m a c o p e i a o f t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s o f A m e r i c a
(USP) Sixteenth R e v is io n , I960.
( C o p i e s o f t h e U S P m a y be o b t a i n e d f r o m the M a c k
Publishing Company, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042.)
UNIFORM CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE
U n i f o r m F r e i g h t C l a s s i f i c a t i o n R a t i n g s , R u l e s , and
R egulations.
(A pplication fo r c o p i e s of t h e s e freight c la s s i f i c a t i o n
r u l e s s h o u l d b e a d d r e s s e d to the U n i f o r m C l a s s i f i c a t i o n
C o m m it t e e , 202 Union Station, C hicago, Illin o is 6 0 6 0 6 .)
3.
3.

REQUIREMENTS
1

M aterial.

3. 1. 1 C o m p o s i t i o n .
The c o m p o s it io n o f the defoliant, "Orange"
s h a l l a p p r o x i m a t e a 50To-50% m i x t u r e by w e i g h t of t e c h n i c a l n - b u l y l

<13
2

«

2 , 4 - D and t e c h n i c a l n - b u t y l 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r s . T h e p e r c e n t by w e i g h t
o f t e c h n i c a l n - b u t y l 2 , 4 - D and the p e r c e n t by w e i g h t o f t e c h n i c a l
n - b u t y l 2, 4, 5 - T p r e s e n t in th e m i x t u r e s h a l l e a c h be 4 7 . 5 p e r c e n t
m i n i m u m w h e n t e s t e d a s s p e c i f i e d in 4 . 6 . 1 e t s e q . ; t h e t o t a l c o n t e n t
o f t e c h n i c a l n - b u t y l 2, 4 - D and n - b u t y l 2 , 4, 5 - T p r e s e n t in t h e m i x t u r e
s h a ll be 95 p e r c e n t by w eight m in im u m .
3 . 1 . 2 A p p e a r a n c e . T h e d e f o l i a n t s n a i l be a c l e a r , a m b e r to d a r k
r e d -b r o w n c o lo r e d liouid.
3.2

F ree A cid.

T h e f r e e m i n e r a l a c i d c o n t e n t o f th e d e f o l i a n t s h a l l not be
g r e a t e r than 0. 5 p e r c e n t and
T h e t o t a l f r e e a c i d o f t h e d e f o l i a n t s h a l l not be g r e a t e r
than 1. 5 p e r c e n t , w h e n t e s t e d a s s p e c i f i e d in 4. 6 . 2 .
3.
3
U n d i s s o l v e d M a t t e r . T h e d e f o l i a n t s h a l l be c o m p l e t e l y
s o l u b l e a n d s h a l l s h o w no e v i d e n c e o f u n d i s s o l v e d m a t t e r w h e n t e s t e d
a s s p e c i f i e d in 4 . 6 ; 3:
.. ~ ^
3.4
M o i s t u r e C o n t e n t . T h e m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t o f th e d e f o l i a n t
s h a l l not be g r e a t e r t h a n 0 . 2 p e r c e n t w h e n t e s t e d a s s p e c i f i e d in
4. 6 .4 .
3 .5
Sp ecific Gravity. T h e s p e c ific g ra v ity of the defoliant sh all
not b e l e s s than 1 . 2 7 5 n o r m o r e t h a n 1. 295 a t 2 0 / 2 0 C. w h e n t e s t e d
a s s p e c i f i e d in 4 . 6 . 5.
3. 6
W e i g h t p e r G a ll o n . T h e w e i g h t p e r U. S. g a l l o n o f the
d e f o l i a n t s h a l l b e not l e s s than 10. 62 n o r m o r e than 1 0 . 7 9 p ou n d s .
T h e w e i g h t p e r g a l l o n s h a l l b e c a l c u l a t e d b y m u l t i p l y i n g th e s p e c i f i c
g r a v i t y , o b s e r v e d in 3 . 5 , t i m e s 8 . 3 3 .
3. 7
P r e p r o d u c t i o n S a m p l e . Whe n s p e c i f i e d in a c o n t r a c t or
p u r c h a s e o r d e r , a p r e p r o d u c t i o n s a m p l e o f the d e f o l i a n t s h a l l be
s u b m i t t e d f o r e x a m i n a t i o n and t e s t s .
4.

Q U A L I T Y A S S U R A N C E P R OV IS IO NS

IT W A S
ORArJG-E
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4.1
R e s p o n s i b i l i t y fo r I n s p e c t i o n . U n l e s s o t h e r w i s e s p e c i f i e d
In the c o n t r a c t or p u r c h a s e o r d e r , th e s u p p l i e r i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r
th e p e r f o r m a n c e o f a l l i n s p e c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s a s s p e c i f i e d h e r e i n .
E x c e p t a s o t h e r w is e s p e c if ie d , the su p p lier m a y u t iliz e h is own
f a c i l i t i e s o r any c o m m e r c i a l l a b o r a t o r y a c c e p t a b l e to the G o v e r n m e n t .
T h e G o v e r n m e n t r e s e r v e s th e r i g h t to p e r f o r m a ny of t h e _ i n s p e c t i o n s
s e t f o r t h in the s p e c i f i c a t i o n s w h e r e s u c h i n s p e c t i o n s a r c d e e m e d
n e c e s s a r y to a s s u r e s u p p l i e s and s e r v i c e s c o n f o r m t o p r e s c r i b e d
requirem ents.
4. 2

Special P r o v is io n s .

4.
2. 1
A lter n a tiv e In sp ectio n . Th e s u p p lier m a y u t iliz e any
a lte r n a tiv e inspection p r o c e d u r e w hich w ill in su r e equal or better
a s s u r a n c e o f q u a l i t y by s u b m i t t i n g a w r i t t e n p r o p o s a l , w i t h j u s t i f i c a ­
t i o n , a n d o bt a in in g w r i t t e n a p p r o v a l f r o m th e G o v e r n m e n t p r i o r to
i n s t i t u t i n g the p r o c e d u r e . In cas*c o f d i s p u t e t h e p r o c e d u r e s o f this
specification shall govern.
4. 2. 2
O bjective E v id e n c e . T he supp lier sh a ll provide evid en ce
a c c e p t a b l e to t h e c o n t r a c t i n g o f f i c e r that th e r e q u i r e m e n t s o f s e c t i o n 3.
and s e c t i o n 5. h a v e b e e n s a t i s f i e d .
r *■'
4.3
Lotting. A l o t sh all c o n s is t of the defoliant m ix tu r e ,
p r o d u c e d by o ne m a n u f a c t u r e r u n d e r e s s e n t i a l l y th e s a m e m a n u ­
f a c t u r i n g c o n d i t i o n s and w i t h no c h a n g e s i n - m a t e r i a l - , w i t h t h e
follow in g additional lim ita tio n s :

4. 4

(a)

W h e n p r o d u c e d by a c o n t i n u o u s p r o c e s s , th e
defoliant m ix tu r e produced within a 24-h o u r
p e r io d sh a ll c o n stitu te a lot.

(b)

W h e n p r o d u c e d by a ba tc h p r o c e s s , e a c h b a t c h
s h a l l c o n s t i t u t e a lot.

(c)

W h e n th e d e f o l i a n t m i x t u r e c a n n o t be i d e n t i f i e d
with eith er o f the above con d ition s, all defoliant
m ix t u r e o ffe r e d for a c c ep ta n c e at one tim e sh a ll
con stitu te a lot.

Sampling.

4

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4 .4 .1
F or Exam ination.
a n c e w i t h M I L - S T D - 105 .

S a m p l i n g s h a l l be c o n d u c t e d in a c c o r d ­

4 .4 .2
For Test.
S a m p l e c o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e t ak e n at r a n d o m
from each lot a s follows:
Lot Size

Sample Size

1 Container
2 -2 7 5 Containers
2 7 6 -5 4 5 Containers

2

1
3

T h e s a m p l e s i z e f o r l o t s e x c e e d i n g 545 5 5 - g a l l o n d r u m s s h a l l be
d e t e r m i n e d by m u l t i p l y i n g the n u m b e r o f c o n t a i n e r s in t h e s p e c i f i c
l o t by 0. 0 1 5 . T h e n u m b e r r e s u l t i n g , 1. 5 p e r c e n t o f the n u m b e r o f
c o n t a i n e r s , r e p r e s e n t s the n u m b e r o f s a m p l e c o n t a i n e r s w h i c h s h o u l d
be t a k e n a t r a n d o m f o r e x a m i n a t i o n .
4. 5

Inspection P ro v isio n s.

I!
Ij

4 . 5. 1
F or Exam ination.
T h e p r e p a r a t i o n f o r d e l i v e r y s h a l l be
e x a m i n e d in a c c o r d a n c e w it h th e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f d e f e c t s and
M IL-STD -105.
‘
,

• - •

*N.

4. 5. 2 F o r T e s t .
T w o s e p a r a t e . 2 5 0 - m i s a m p l e s s h a l l be r e ­
m o v e d f r o m e a c h s a m p l e c o n t a i n e r and p l a c e d in a c l e a n , d r y
c o n t a i n e r l a b e l e d to i d e n t i f y th e l o t and the c o n t a i n e r f r o m w h i c h it
was rem oved.
E a c h s a m p l e s h a l l b e t e s t e d a s s p e c i f i e d in 4. 6 .
4 .5 .3

C lassification of D efects.

4 . 5 . 3 . 1 P r e p a r a t i o n f o r D e l i v e r y ( S e c t i o n 5).
C ategories

A c c e p t a n c e St a nd ar d

Defects

C ritical:

None defined

M ajor;

AQL 1 .0 percen t defective

101

Container c lo s u r e in c o rr e c t

102

Marking i n c o r r e c t or ille g ib le

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4.6

Tests.

T e s t s s h a l l be c o n d u c t e d a s f o l l o w s :

4. 6 . 1

Com position.

4 . 6 . 1 . 1 M e th o d . T h i s m e t h o d i s b a s e d up o n i n f r a r e d a b s o r p t i o n
a t 12. 5 m i c r o n s (800 c m “ ^) f o r t h e 2, 4 - D e s t e r and 8 . 8 m i c r o n s
( 1 1 3 5 c m ^) f o r the 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r . B o t h a b s o r p t i r n band s a r e
a s s o c i a t e d wit h the s u b s t i t u t i o n on the a r o m a t i c ring.
K now n m i x t u r e s o f t h e 2, 4 - D and 2 , 4 , 5 - T r e f i r e n c e
s t a n d a r d e s t e r s a r e u s e d to c a l i b r a t e t h e s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r . T h i s
i s done b e c a u s e a b a s e - l i n e s h i f t i s n o t e d w h e n the two c o m p o n e n t s
a re m ixed.
4 . 6 . 1. 2 A p p a r a t u s .
(1)

Infrared Spectrop hotom eter - Beckm an IR-4, or

(2)

Absorption c e ll s ,

equivalent.

6 odium c h lo r id e (NaCl) w i n d o w s .

4 . 6 . 1. 3 R e a g e n t s .
or Spectro-G rade.

s c a l e d , ' 0. 1 m m . l i g h t path, with
Tw o a r e required.

C a r b o n d i s u l f i d e ( C S £ ) , A C S R e a g e n t G ra d e

4 .6 . 1 .4 R eference Standards. *
(1)

n-butyl 2 , 4 - D e s t e r ,

F e d e r a l R e fe re n c e Grade.

(2)

n-butyl 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r . F e d e r a l R e fe re n c e Grade.

4 . 6 . 1. 5 C a l i b r a t i o n o f IR S p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r .
Weigh a c c u r a t e l y s u f f i c ie n t am ounts of each r e f e r e n c e
s t a n d a r d e s t e r into 1 0 - m l v o l u m e t r i c f l a s k s t o g i v e t h e f o l l o w i n g
kn ow n m i x t u r e s :
2, 4 - D L s l e r

2 ,4 , 5-T E ster

0. 4 5 g.

0 . 5 5 g.

0. 50 g.

0. 50 g.

0. 55 g.

0. 45 g.

* A s u p p l y o f e a c h o f t h e F e d e r a l R e f e r e n c e St and ar d e s t e r s m a y
b e o b t a i n e d upon r e q u e s t d i r e c t e d to th e C o n t r a c t i n g O f f i c e r .

6

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-

Add c a r b o n d i s u l f i d e to the m a r k , s t o p p e r and m i x c a r e ­
f u l l y . A v o i d l o s s o f CS^ by i m p r o p e r c l o s u r e or s e e p a g e du e to liquid
e x p a n s i o n by h e a t f r o m h a n d l i n g .
4 . 6 . 1 . 5 . 1 C a l i b r a t i o n f o r 2 , 4 - D E s t e r . U s i n g a p a i r o f 0. 1 m m .
N a C l s e a l e d c e l l s , o b t a i n th e s p e c t r u m of e a c h o f the known m i x t u r e s
f r o m 13. 5 m i c r o n s ( 7 4 2 c m .
) to 1 1 . 5 m i c r o n s (870 c m . " ) v e r s u s
C S 2 c o n t a i n e d in th e r e f e r e n c e b e a m o f the s p e c t r o p h o t o m e t e r u s i n g
standard instru m en t conditions.
D e t e r m i n e the a b s o r b a n c e A A ’ for e a c h o f the know n
m i x t u r e s by d r a w i n g a t a n g e n t b a s e l i n e f r o m 32. 75 m i c r o n s ( 7 8 5 c m . “ *)
t o 12. 30 m i c r o n s ( 8 15 c m . “ *), a nd m e a s u r i n g the d i f f e r e n t e in
a b s o r b a n c e f r o m t h e b a s e l i n e to th e m a x i m u m at 12. 55 m i c r o n s (800 c m .

the mg. / m l .

P lot a calibration curve
o f t h e s e v a l u e s for th e/j ^A v e r s u s
o f the 2, 4 - D e s t e r in e a c h known m i x t u r e .

4 . 6 . 1 . 5 . 2 C a l i b r a t i o n f o r 2 , 4 , 5 - T E s t e r . U s i n g the s a m e p a i r of
s e a l e d N a C l c e l l s , o b t a i n the s p e c t r u m f r o m 9. 5 m i c r o n s ( 1 0 5 0 c m .
to 8 m ic r o n s (1250 c m .
f o r e a c h known m i x t u r e v e r s u s an a p p r o x i ­
m a t e l y 48 to 50 m g . / m l . s o l u t i o n o f 2, 4 - D r e f e r e n c e s t a n d a r d e s t e r in
C S 2 in the p h o t o m e t e r r e f e r e n c e b e a m u s i n g s t a n d a r d i n s t r u m e n t
conditions.
D e t e r m i n e the a b s o r b a n c e ^
m ix tu r e s a s follows:

A A = A 8. 8 / 2

( 1 1 3 5 c m . ” *)

A f o r e a c h o f the know n

^ 8 . 65/c.

( 1 1 6 0 c m . “ *)

w h e r e A g g^io
i s th e o b s e r v e d a b s o r b a n c e f o r the CS£
s o l u t i o n o f the known m i x t u r e at 8 . 8 m i c r o n s
an d A s . 6 -j/V. is the o b s e r v e d a b s o r b a n c e o f t h e s a m e
s o l u t i o n at 8 . 65 m i c r o n s .
- P l o t a c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e of the v a l u e s f o r A A v e r s u s the
m g . / m l . o f 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r in e a c h o f the known m i x t u r e s .

<=* F i g u r e 1, (4. 6 . 1 . 5 . 3 ) i l l u s t r a t e s the i n f r a r e d s p e c t r u m o f a t y p i c a l
sa m p le of "O range."
4 0 0 F i g u r e 2 , ( 4 . 6 . 1 . 5 . 4 ) i l l u s t r a t e s t y p ic a l c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e s .

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4 . 6 . 1. 6

P r o c e d u r e for "Orange"

T h e p r o c e d u r e s o u t l i n e d in 4. 6 . 1 . 6 . 1 and 4. 6 . 1. 6 . 2 s h o u l d be a p p l i e d
in d u p l i c a t e to th e s a m p l e o f O r a n g e .
4 . 6 . 1 . 6 . 1 2 , 4 - D E s t e r Content. W eigh a c c u r a te ly a su fficien t
a m o u n t o f t h e O r a n g e d e f o l i a n t to g i v e a s o l u t i o n that c o n t a i n s 100 m g . / m l .
( 1 . 0 g. in 1 0 m l . ) in c a r b o n d i s u l f i d e .
O bt a i n the s p e c t r u m o f t h i s s o l u t i o n f r o m 13. 5 to 11, 5
m i c r o n s u s i n g the s a m e N a C l c e l l s and i n s t r u m e n t c o n d i t i o n s a s o u t l i n e d
u n d e r 4. 6 . 1. 5. 1 and 4. 6 . 1. 5. 2.
C a l c u l a t e the A, A f o r t h e 2 , 4 - D e s t e r in the s a m e m a n n e r
a s d e s c r i b e d u n d e r 4. 6 . 1. 5. 1. U s i n g th e v a l u e s o f A A o b s e r v e d , r e a d
th e c o r r e s p o n d i n g a m o u n t o f m g . / m l . o f e s t e r p r e s e n t in t h e O r a n g e
s o l u t i o n f r o m the 2 , 4 - D c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e .
Calculations:

'

m g . / m l . o f 2. 4 - D e s t e r found x 100
m g . / m l . O r a n g e in s a m p l e s o l .

= % 2 , 4 -D E s t e r in Orange

w h e r e m g . / m l . o f 2, 4 - D e s t e r found « v a l u e r e a d f r o m '
calibration cu rve.
4. 6 . 1 . 6 . 2 2 , 4 , 5 - T E s t e r Content. P r e p a r e a c o m p en sa tin g solution
o f t h e 2 , 4 - D e s t e r r e f e r e n c e s t a n d a r d c o n t a i n i n g f r o m 45 t o 50 m g . / m l .
in c a r b o n d i s u l f i d e , a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l to t h e c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f 2 , 4 - D
e s t e r c a l c u l a t e d to be p r e s e n t in th e O r a n g e t e s t s o l u t i o n .
O bt a in the s p e c t r u m o f th e s a m p l e s o l u t i o n o f O r a n g e
f r o m 9 . 5 m i c r o n s to 8 . 0 m i c r o n s v e r s u s the p r e p a r e d c o m p e n s a t i n g
s o l u t i o n o f 2 , 4 - D e s t e r in t h e r e f e r e n c e b e a m , u s i n g the s a m e N a C l
s c a l e d c e l l s and i n s t r u m e n t c o n d i t i o n s a s o u t l i n e d u n d e r 4. 6 . 1. 5. 1 a n d
4. 6 . 1 . 5 . 2.
C a l c u l a t e the A A f o r the 2, 4 , 5 - T e s t e r in t h e s a m e
m a n n e r a s d e s c r i b e d u n d e r 4 . 6 . 1. 5. 2. U s i n g t h e o b s e r v e d A A v a l u e ,
r e a d t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g v a l u e o f m g . / m l . o f 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r f r o m the
c a lib r a tio n chart.

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Calculntions:
m e . / m l . o f 2, 4 , 5 - T e s t e r found x 1 0 0 . w , , r m ^ .
— fi--------j— -— —----------- :-------------- 5------- -------- = % 2 , 4, 5 - T E s t e r
m g . / m l . O r a n g e in s a m p l e s o l .
in O r a n g e
w h e r e m g . / m l . o f 2 , 4 , 5 - T e s t e r found = v a l u e r e a d f r o m
the c a l i b r a t i o n c u r v e .
4 .6.
1.7
P r e c i s i o n o f M e t h o d . T h e 95% c o n f i d e n c e l e v e l f o r a
s i n g l e d e t e r m i n a t i o n by t h is m e t h o d i s ± 1 . 8 % f or e a c h e s t e r ; f o r the
a v e r a g e o f d u p l i c a t e a n a l y s e s th e 95% c o n f i d e n c e l e v e l w o u l d be t 1 . 3 %.
4 .6 .2
F r e e A c i d . D e t e r m i n e the f r e e m i n e r a l a c i d and t o t a l
f r e e a c i d p r e s e n t in t h e d e f o l i a n t u s i n g the a p p a r a t u s and p r o c e d u r e f o r
s t r o n g a c i d s s p e c i f i e d in A S T M S t a n d a r d T e s t M e t h o d D - 6 6 4 o r a n y o t h e r
s t a n d a r d m e t h o d , u s i n g A C S g r a d e i s o p r o p y l a l c o h o l o r U S P eth yl a l c o h o l
a s the s o l v e n t and 0. 1 N s o d i u m h y d r o x i d e a s th e t it r a n t.
T i t r a t e f i r s t to a pH o f 3. 5 and r e c o r d the v o l u m e (V) o f
a l k a l i u s e d . T h e n c o n t i n u e t h e t i t r a t i o n to pH 7. 5 and r e c o r d th e t ot al
v o l u m e ( V^) o f a l k a l i u s e d . C a l c u l a t e th e p e r c e n t f r e e m i n e r a l a c i d and the p e r c e n t
t o t a l fr.ee a c i d u s i n g t h e f o r m u l a ;
•

where

A js.2 2 .1 0

W

v

N

a2

-22.10

“

V1

N

W

A j is the p e r c e n t f r e e m i n e r a l acid (calcu lated as 2 , 4 - D A cid)
A £ i s th e p e r c e n t t o t a l f r e e a c i d ( c a l c u l a t e d a s 2, 4 - D A c i d )
V

i s m i l l i l i t e r s o f 0. 1: N

N a O H to pH 3. 5

V I i s m i l l i l i t e r s o f 0. 1 N_ N a O H to pH 7. 5
N

is n orm ality o f NaOH solution

\V

i s w e i g h t in g r a m s o f s a m p l e t a k e n f o r the t e s t .

2 2 . 10 is the a p p r o p r i a t e f a c t o r o f th e m o l e c u l a r w e i g h t o f 2 , 4 - D
Acid.
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.

4 .6 .3
S p e c i f i c G r a v i t y . D e t e r m i n e the s p e c i f i c g r a v i t y o f t h e
s a m p l e by m e a n s o f a s u i t a b l e h y d r o m e t e r , p y c n o m e t e r o r o t h e r s t a n d a r d
p r o c e d u r e w h i c h i s a c c u r a t e to four s i g n i f i c a n t f i g u r e s . P e r f o r m th e
t e s t a f t e r c o o l i n g o r w a r m i n g the s a m p l e to 2 0 ° C .

;
j
•

4 .6 .4
U n d i s s o l v e d M a t t e r . D i s s o l v e 10 p a r t s o f the s a m p l e by
v o l u m e in 40 p a r t s o f r e a g e n t g r a d e b e n z e n e (C£,Hg,). T h o r o u g h l y
a g i t a t e o r s t i r the m i x t u r e a nd v i s u a l l y e x a m i n e the s o l u t i o n for e v i d e n c e
of und issolved m atter.
4, 6. 5
M o i s t u r e C o n t e n t . D e t e r m i n e the m o i s t u r e c o n t e n t o f
the s a m p l e in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h A S T M S t a n d a r d T e s t M e th o d E l 333 o r a ny
oth e r standard K arl F i s c h e r m eth od , u sing anhydrous m ethanol as the
solvent.
5.
5.

P R E P A R A T I O N FOR D E L I V E R Y
1

Packing.

5.1.‘ l
L e v e l A ( s u r f a c e t r a n s p o r t a b l e o nl y ).
The m ix tu r e 6h a ll
be p a c k e d in a 5 5 - g a l l o n d r u m c o n f o r m i n g to t ype 1 1 o f P P P - D - 7 2 9 .
'
D r u m s s h a l l not a f f e c t n o r b e a f f e c t e d by the m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n e d .

j
j
j
•

.

. 5. 1
. 2
Le v e l A ( a i r t r a n s p o r t a b l e ) . ‘T h e m i x t u r e s h a l l be p a c k e d "
in a 5 5 - g a l l o n d r u m c o n f o r m i n g to I CC 17C r e q u i r e m e n t s . I n t e r i o r a nd
e x t e r i o r s u r f a c e p r e p a r a t i o n and f i n i s h s h a l l be a s s p e c i f i e d in P P P - D - 7 2 9 .
D r u m s s h a l l not a f f e c t n o r be a f f e c t e d by the m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n e d .

1

;

5 , 1. 3
L e v e l C.
F i f t y - f i v e g a l l o n s o f m i x t u r e s h a l l be p a c k e d
1
in a m a n n e r t o i n s u r e c a r r i e r a c c e p t a n c e and s a f e d e l i v e r y a l d e s t i n a j
t i o n . C o n t a i n e r s s h a l l b e in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h U n i f o r m F r e i g h t
j
C l a s s i f i c a t i o n R a t i n g s , R u l e s , and R e g u l a t i o n s , o r r e g u l a t i o n s o f
o t h e r c a r r i e r s a p p l i c a b l e to t h e m o d e of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . D r u m s s h a l l
!
not a f f e c t n o r b e a f f e c t e d by t h e m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n e d .
w
THEY
•.
LcLPuCED
5.2
M a r k i n g . E a c h d r u m s h a l l be m a r k e d in a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
FR o m Thc
i n s t r u c t i o n s f r o m the a p p r o p r i a t e g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c y p l u s o n e o r a n g e
SOf\ 5G^
ban d , a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h r e e i n c h e s w i d e , e n c i r c l i n g the d r u m at the c e n t e r
lin e (betw een the rolling hoops). The orange color u sed shall m atch as
c l o s e l y a s p o s s i b l e No. 32246 of F e d - S t d -5 9 5 .
5,3
I d e n t i f i c a t i o n M a r k i n g . E a c h d r u m s h a l l be m a r k e d a s
s p e c i f i e d in 5 . 2 and in a d d i t i o n - s h a l l i n c l u d e the m a n u f a c t u r e r ' s l o t o r
batch num ber.

ft
10

IC3

:

'' « >o «MIL-

6.

NOTES

6.

1
O rd ering Data.
the follow ing:

P r o c u r e m e n t documents should sp e c ify

(a)

T i t l e , n u m b e r and d a t e o f tills s p e c i f i c a t i o n .

(b)

L e v e l of packing required.

(c)

Whether air transportable drum s are required
(see 5.1).

(d)

P r e p r o d u c t i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s (w hen req' vred).
1.

Q uantity r e q u ir e d •

2.

T im e a llo w ed for su b m issio n of s a m p le s for
G o v e r n m e n t t e s t and e v a l u a t i o n a f t e r a w a r d
of contract.

3. - N a m e and a d d r e s s o f t e s t f a c i l i t y w h e n
t e s t i n g i s p e r f o r m e d by the G o v e r n m e n t .

4. _ S h i p p i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s w h e n a p p l i c a b l e .

.»_*

5.
-

T i m e r e q u i r e d f o r th e G o v e r n m e n t t o n o t if y
th e s u p p l i e r w h e t h e r o r not to p r o c e e d w i t h
production.

6. 2
Batch.
A b a t c h i s d e f i n e d a s that q u a n ti ty o f m a t e r i a l
w h i c h h a s b e e n m a n u f a c t u r e d by s o m e u n i t c h e m i c a l p r o c e s s o r
s u b j e c t e d to s o m e p h y s i c a l m i x i n g o p e r a t i o n i n te n d e d t o m a k e t h e f in a l
product substantially uniform .

6 .3
I n f o r m a t i o n . ' M a t e r i a l o t h e r w i s e m e e t i n g th e s p e c i f i c a ­
t i o n s s e t f o r t h h e r e i n f o r " O r a n g e " w i l l e x h i b i t th e f o l l o w i n g c h a r a c t e r ­
i s t i c s , approxim ately:
F l a s h P o i n t : T h e f l a s h po i n t a s d e t e r m i n e d by th e
T a g l i a b u c O p e n Cup M e t h o d l i e s a b o v e 2 3 0 ° F . ( 1 1 0 ° C . ) , s i n c e no
f l a s h i n g o c c u r s up to and i n c l u d i n g t hi s t e m p e r a t u r e .

11

fos

33^

w;s3
MIL-

F r e e z i n g P o i n t : O r a n g e w i l l tend to f r e e z e b e l o w - 2 6 ° F .
( - 3 2 ° C . ) wh e n p e r m i t t e d to s t a n d at that t e m p e r a t u r e f or s e v e r a l d a y s .
S e e d i n g o r a g i t a t i o n at t h i s t e m p e r a t u r e w i l l s p e e d up the r e l a t i v e l y s l o w
p r o c e s s of c r y s t a lliz a t io n .
V i s c o s i t y : T h e v i s c o s i t y in c e n t i p o i s e o f O r a n g e h a s the
a p p r o x i m a t e v a l u e s at the t e m p e r a t u r e s g iv en : 1 5 ° C . - 4 . 0 cp. ; 2 5 ° C . 2 . 9 cp. ; 35 °C . - 2 . 5 cp.
T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n i s d e e m e d u s e f u l in c o n s i d e r a t i o n of u s e
a n d h a n d l i n g o f the m a t e r i a l .
•

6.4
Precaution.
IMPORTANT. F or p rocurem ent of
h e r b i c i d e f o r u s e on l a n d s o w n e d by , o r o t h e r w i s e m a n a g e d a 3 m i l i t a r y
i n s t a l l a t i o n s , u s e F e d e r a l S p e c i f i c a t i o n 0 - H - 200. D e f o l i a n t p r o c u r e d
by this s p e c i f i c a t i o n m u s t not be d i v e r t e d to d o m e s t i c u s e .

C U ST O DI A N:

I

P R E P A R I N G AC TI V IT Y :

1
.11

¡
'♦
'' \

P ro ject No. 1380-

%
i

I

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■

•

10$

12

33*

V

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»

Fsn

Monsanto

’fdi
rV
.
;I

C

O

M

P

A

N

Y

K-'Jt7

000 !«.liftdbtrgh Dcwl*v»i>d
St. Loui>. M.&»*un C316C
OMi
4-1000

January 3 0 , If.'50

V
•'C3

Col. Edv/ard Z. Bartlett, USAF
Director, Procurement and Production
Defense Supply Agency
Defense General Supply Center
Richmond, Virginia

'-MW,

RFP DSA-*»00-68-R-3785 dated 22 December 1967 ; proposal
of Monsanto Company in response thereto dated 15 January
1968; Monsanto Company teletype dated January 19, 1958
and DGSC teletype received January 2^, 1958.

RE:

Dear Colonel Bartlett:
-•-»
...
.
*V*
This letter will detail the clarifications requested by you in
referenced DGSC wire, with respect to Paragraphs 3.1?. 1* 3.2
and 4.1.1 of ASPJD 6840-1 dated 7 November 1957.
;!J‘

PURCHASE DESCRIPTION 0? ORANGE FSC 68^0

Reouirements

f$f. 3-1.1
'‘a.i.-^v/lt should be clear that purity of the N-Butyl T and N-Butyl_D
..'‘
fe-//-esters is on an acid equivalence basls--not IK: if the letter,
i9 V •'* then the assay limits will be lower and should be agreed to by
Monsanto. \
«
v

.-.-a
♦
—

£

'

•

The specification statee that purity of K-Butyl 2,4,5-T, speclfi.-.cation MIL-H-511^8, shall be 98 .C# minimum by weight. Assuming
•
‘assay on an acid equivalence basis is intended, this' limit
y t .
• 6f
? minimum
lli.L4AJ.iUUI,» because^the
k/CUUWWW w n t V
i
LJIC. J. specifi­
4
should be stated as 97
>
original
cation gave total acid equivalence as 30-82;* r.r.d'-SO X 300 *» 97~$5^u§C^

<£
s
is;
*
0?

fft

___

Juae:«;:-

r:

s$
&

Col. Kdward J. Bartlett

-

2-

Jf.nuary'

30 , loO?.

b.
Purity of 99*05 minimum acid equivalence barí.- is not correct.
HIL-H-51147 provides acid equivalence IJ.v.Jtn o_T__7_C>r_3o;í and
78------;
----------- "------------- ---1-- —
— —
BO X 100 = 9 7 . 5 % minimum.
In addition, under b of this sane
paragraph 3-1.1 It is stated that acid equivalence shall be
not less than 79.95 nor more than 80.05.
This percentage range
is impractical because 79*765 is theoretical.' The 79.95
figure may represent a typographical error;
the Defense Department
may have intended 79»0-80.05.
Although the 79.0-oO.05 range differs
from MIL-H-51147, we can accept 79.0-80.05. Then 7Q X ICO *= 93,755
minimum assay acid equivalence basis.
3.2

Finished Mixture (Orange)

3.2.2 - Free Acid
The specification provides that the maximum free acid calculated
as 2,4-D acid be dropped to 0 .5 5 by weight. This requirement will
lengthen the manufacturing; process, resultlnr.~in lCW er'~pradtrartTo'n.
•The limit cnould be l.tr-i maximum,
if the~0.p5 figure was intended
to reduce corrosion, there will be no difference in corrosion to
aircraft when spraying Orange containing i.u5 or 0.55 free fv/eako^gartic) âûld. "Î/C H5V5 previously gone on record as objecting to
reducing the acid equivalence of 2,4,5-T ester to. 0.55 max. and
the acid^équlvalence of finished Orangé to 0.55 m a x . . The 0.55.
max. U n i t does not allow for any hydrolysis during storage and
.blending ..o.f orange..
~7
4.

Quality Assurance Provisions

4.1.1 - Composition
There is not enough detail here. We agree tb assay by IPL_or
cQul'valcr.f'as stated! however^ the- dëtails of standardi~2Tng
the qgp'e'CtophotoqTOter or equivalent equipment are not given.
In addition, the acceptability limits by instrumentation for
the two esters are not stated. .We propose that limits for these
two esters not bo absolute, but be stated as follows:
(l) True,
technical Butyl 2,4-D ester by instrumentation range 45-495;
(2) True Butyl 2,4,5-T ester range 45-51.55; or the assay limits
of the two esters could be stated on a technical basis, either
percent by weight or percent by volume.
The attached correspondence between C. H. Bussell, Monsanto
rnmnanv- and Mr. w. J Wisw^sser. U s . Bfologica_l_Laboratory,
F o r t Detrick. Maryland, will help clarify Instrumental assay
limit's o'fD'range.- The attachments are C. H. Russell's letters

%
¡0 1

-r— T. -uv-uvf

L'1.
-Zl‘yu’;;j;■

Or>

ATTACHMENT
BID NO. D S A 4 0 0 - 6 6 - R - 3 7 S 4

Changes necessary to permit compliance of product under
specifications for: llERBICIDS - ORANGE

Pape 6, Item T.I.l, paragraph a .
After the word "weight", add — -and assay may be
performed by saponification-back titration-- .
Pace 6, Item 3.1.1» paragraph b .
Change the la6t line to read --»shall no t be less than

7 ) . 0% nor mor e than £0.07, and assay m a y be performed by
8aponlfiC3tion-back ti trati on.--Faoe 7, iLtnû T.?.3 Viscosity.
^Eliminate completely. The product is a mixture of
technical esters and nothing can be done to control
viscosity.
Page 7, Item 3.7.6 Total Acid Equivalent (ns 2.&.D Acid).
Change "Jl.OT. mini mum by ueii^ht'' to read -— 90.5 ‘JL
minimum by weight—
(i’peci fication HIL-H-5123JA,
submitted to The Dow Chemical Company For review, was
reissued under date of June TO, 1967 xjith the ebove
change.)
Page 7. Item A.1.1 Composition.
Eliminate completely. Infrared determination of
composition is not acceptable since no definition
ot the standards to be used. the wave length to be
used, and the limits o f acceptance have henn„apre.2J
,upon.
Page 7, Item A.1.2 Free Acid.
C h a ^ e "917. isopropyl alcohol" to read -— 95£ ethyl
alcohol---.

t

Atthchmcnt:

to

bld

Na.

1)LA*i O ü - í ^ - ) v - ¡ 7 b ¿ 4

Pogo ”

Ff.ve T,

Tcei i . 4 . 1 . 2

Peagcncs,

parpyrtoh

( 1)

Eliminate entire paragraph and substitute ---Alcohol,
ethyl, J 5 X neutral.--Page

If, I t e m

4,1,2

Procedure

In the first paragraph, change ”J17. isopropyl alcohol"
to read -- ? 5 Z ethyl cIcoho1--Page ), Item A.1.3 Viscosity, Broikflold method.
Eliminate completely for the reasons outlined under
3.2.3.
Page

10.

Eliminate completely as it Is a duplication of Page J.
Page 14, PACKING
Change the second sentence from "Each drum to contain
55 gallons of product." to - - E a c h drum to contain
580 pounds of product.
(This Is the standard by
which The Dow Chemical Company has boen providing "Orange
on all contracts for Orange co-.date. It is ncftTelt
that the change to a gallon measurement would accomplish
what is desired by the military.)

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The Cow Chemical Company
Midland, Michigan 48640
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CONTINUATION SHEET
TJ- - -=>» <T-n r:r
ii s a ■ i - •■ 1

[mi^

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( à i ::..-tv it;.r * .* r .iir.r in s p e c t 1-.:. er. •. -,. rc-‘ : * or.'-* : y ^h<
:vcrr±g-1 'f
furr.lshe-i
ur. ’e r *h* .•artrar*. r r any r r s r iz : . ->r r -,f t h i _ •■ • .t r r * . cd.-~-rr.ir..- lh*- ~rnrl_s iver.: s thereof,
th o C s n t r s r t s r - a r r a n t s t h a t a s *hs Sis*.- i f -._! i
: 1

i (i) ail -u p ; li-.-; f u r s . ! she . uns-ir this contrae*. v ; n '■* fro* from ;e:eq «._ « _
lesicn,! material or vortaar.chl: tn: vili -.--r.:->—r vith the spccifl ratisr.s ax.j all oth.r.
requir«aents of this cs.ntr-"t
tr-"t; a.-.a
I

I
(ili the Frese r v n t i m , p a c im r th g , : a r h i r.r, and marking, and the preparation for
and melihod of shipment si sush supplies vdll ssr.fsrm vltth the req ill :ncs of thi s contract.
of
ur.

(tl) The Contracting Officer shall five v-ritter. notice to tfc ; Contractor of any breach
- warranties in paragraph (a. of this claus.- wlthii} one year frvrs th • last delivery
tije contract.

(a) Confcrs&nee of supplies or parts thereof subject to var rantpr action aha 11 be
deterrsipied In accordance vith the applioable oar.plinc procedures ionmined li th^ contract
except a- px-ivUe-i herein. For sampling pirpoees, the ^ontraetlnr Officer my. group any
supplier delivered under this contract. The size of thd sample aiall be that required by
stvsfling procedure specified in the contract for the quantity of »upplieo on vhidh warranty
.action Hs_pro posed. Warranty sampling results nay be projected O'er supplies iniihe sane
shipment or other supplies contained In other shipments lever, thou *i aili of such 4 upcli^s|/
are rot present at the point of re inspect ion, provided, the supplies regaining ag
reasonably recreser.tatlve of the quantity or. which warranty actio i la rroposed. f^e
r^eer be
origlno! las¿action lots nee-1 noi“be""«cbhsi'it\rSed tior~<hafitha- iorr racting
required to use the same lot size as on original inspection. Vitl in a reasonable ties
after nrtlee of any breach cf warranties in paragraph {^) of this c Isso*e as ieteslced
herein,! the Contracting Officer say exercise one cr sore of the f illauing option^:
(l)

M i

-o

lSI

require an equitable adjustment in the contract pr ee ^sr any gren p of

i eup:_iep;

;

I

S L

I (ill screen the suspiles grouped under this clh-se at C£ n t m s t o r ’i expense ano
, return pJJ. nonconforming supplies to the Contra :t~r for <corr*ctlop or rr placement :

!

%

o

!

j (ill) rciuire the Contractor to scr*?r. th- supplies at 1 pntzs designated Vy the
'lavtrrast vlthln the continental "nlte i Ctotcr t r . i to arri’,ct sr replace all nor ronfsming
supplice;
;
!

i (iv) return th<.- supplì« s .prsurc-i 'ir.der s.oir «-Inu-..- to t e Contractor fc r screening
an J correction or rr flacesrr.t.
J
I
f if) When return, c- ro--1 ir:i or reiln-eornt i~ r-:ulr-!, the Corjtractlnr Officer shall
r~ turr. ^he supplies an: trar. *t'-,rta* i on cl.sr«— r an: rt-r.ioi: i 1Zity '‘srj rueh •■urpliy.-r while
ir. trsntit shall be b o m e !y the C.-ntm.-i r.
r, tl •. '’j.'itra tr-'s 33aHllty{ f r such
*.r n r .s p c p to t ls r . r h a r r e s s ì . t.31 r .^ c .T ' - c : or a-..- m t « : u i l • '
«• > * t" trar. * rttftl -r. Ty
'
. s u a l «* « m e r e i a i
r I i f j h l T T - « * r . t le * * . . - : - : ♦*.■
; 's i} r 'l«
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. r e e f or. : ti:e

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DEFENSE SUPPLY AGENCY
DEFEN SE G E N E R A L SU PPLY CENTER
R IC H M O N D . V IR G IN IA

83105

23219

12 Decenber 1968

. a i . toDG SC-?H

SUBJECT:

DSA I+OO-6S-C-6163 , HIPR FD?050-8-10ÿiO

TO:

Cœsander, SAAKA (SAOR)
ATOM: Hr. J. ftjrton--''^
Kelly AFB, Texas 782U

1. Attached laboratory test report G-8221 indicates "fail-re
gallcos of herbicide to neat the blend ratio.
= =
2. Your prcnrpt ccæenta on acceptability .of subject jnaterial is
requested.
FOR SEE CCKMAHDER:

‘^
1 aid

*

v. a . FEnca
Contracting Officer
Directorate of Procureoent and Production

U4
rN

. • «V

•I*w

if,

catory Report *3033

CB221______ The Dou Chemtr.nl Coomny

DSA-400-6B-C-61Ó3_______ »V. 2 ' ■

cW

D a te r/S o lo

CharactfrUtjgg

Unita

lflc Cravity 20°/20°C

2

1.289

i Acid (By valghe) X

2

0.0

il Acid Equivalent X
(•■ 2, AD)

2

93.67

;ht Per Gallon

2

10.74

b. A.

Rr<nilrca»entii

1.289

1.275 to 1.295

;o .o

0.5 Bax

93.81

93.74

90.0 min

10.74

Í10.74

10.70 ± 0.08 Ibo Ö 20°C

• Test Result*
1.289
(2)

;

94.0 n*x

m

>oflltlon X by voi:
1 , 4-D
■
2> i\t 5-T

9

2

49.1

2

44.6*

49.0

49.2

¡

.7«

44.8*

50 ± 1.5
50 ± 1.5
•

1
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8863'/

n
\

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11 Sep 1967

HEHO FOR CQLCtltL STEER
Subject: Herbicides

1. On S Sep 1967. OT advised that the Hercules plant, Jacksonville,
Arkansas. •which produces OraJLge~berfclclde7 had 'been shut down due~to
a quality problea^ C7T~^^disTurbed since the~aH^^JbicToccurred on
29 Aug 1967 and they were not advised until S Sop 1®67.
2. Since we (OQT) had not heard of any problem, I contacted Mr. Buxton
(DSA) on 8 Sep 1967 to find out details of problen:» The follmdng infor
cation was obtained:
a. Samples of the Orange herbicide« taken by inspector tested at
Philadelphia laboratory showed 'product not to,be a__S&r50TSL«hd.
b. DSA advised DGSC (Mr. Rills) of problem and DGSC ordered the
Jacksonville plant closed cm 29 Aug 1967.4
3
*
c. Hercules has 27.000 gallons (four box cars) on track ready to
ship, which,have.been .rejected due to failure.’.to..neet .specifications.

3 . Mr. Buxton will advise OQT today (11 Sep 1967) of corrective
actions taken to assure delivery of specification material.
4. OT (Mr. Beatty) was advised 8 Sep 1967 oi information obtained from
Hr.Buxton, cn shipment delay.

V k m . E. VANDEVEHTER
Chemist/OQT

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Trieíhytomínc Soit FormulolionJ—I. 4,5 -T Atid íquivolcnt 4 0 foundi pe. Golton

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t DIRECTIONS EOI USE
I

/ I I W A fll I M I Í

l i t Ai n i i i i i i / i l l a m i if |ral»<l II l l i r f MA
inf {kl rtt*M »f »atar (• la aaad la aaofiaf Uta
p ii. Ikai add rva«(a/*| »Ulf » 4 •<! «alti kt*af
•alitvit H «M<a«a. Ilf lif t and l a i lAwld H
»M«tv|Wf »al wife i caau ipitf M il MiiMli a*t
alli>«il »an »iriicitkat m aida «Ma tfct fim li
' tu ont lia/ad * 4 Mfittlp r*v l» t tifa li M^Cfr
h««i mrf la Mcanair U
paaib i »m « i
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|Ima f H * l iMwii M tpyiitd al tH# tala al I fait*«
piitfi »ill M (illaat al »ala* falla» Kf, Itanèlat,
b*d \m ê alMt i h «im » if M «#"lnflad fef m »f
7 «taMt la 100 fill»»« al »ilia
far i m u i I al at«i| p««it arar I Im | h talfkt, tu rf,
w u**u. m litt tin »« « * ta ptaifty palmad.
A Í OU |P IA T
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ta I ai ta 1 fuat ail, m l i m a n t te 0* i p i j l * é
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| i« » i M «' Il H«t M * i n i b i i in« m I
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lia«« m l if«fata la *«»1 a Mi|M a f j ! la 1$ fwhii
C**» lad totawffttf, ana te lia »alai af iv m ! al
lia Mil I m àaftuillM ci» la »i»a a*i tl*a af H t
yin aa(»fl ok«a U»» M «ail# p m a lt «tallitila»
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«rrt>ui<a» «ut tup ia d vpatfrt H tU | a Mfiia af
»ali*« t*tfat at Ir feruife at i« 4 . fat lati fiutili.
M u tiro frW ia* *| i Iwmm tw»lf ka P>aiau|i*y
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(«li l« iha t « i a a * / Iha lt**k at (Uta la IM
'auM m pni>ai« f aaal Im a catti mW a »'ilota af
tintín ar fiadurl te tf |alUM af aal II fiai te
11 |»ito*ü Aaai'iiitM » r j ba »ada ia Mf imaat.
I
A I OIL*WAHR I I I I A l (F IA T
lati matti »a tliM M l «ta» aaaltfiUaa Ia aW« ll
a,a*li «all Itala! ar»4 »ti«a<r |ta*f>|
liu ti I awo. fai ta« ii«Ual if Uaitaita.
I filia# H
. f •»dvr«I »iia 5 fiito*i «f Anal »1 art IM# »ta «ita
i i l taiiom af »für Iba t»«!iua iKaoit la aarhal
il ua nia al 4 |i!M*i fit Mia (U A. I.f.V I aclf
! aa«i«iifM an anal
fte ta*i>il af NWtarr. Haal|Ml. a«f adar friak atea,
\ i » 'i I fatWa «I a<ad\»l » i l } fatt*«i al A«iat ail
à I a«! Ht« » 'i » 'il t tati«»i #f »alta Ira 1* i *m t*wl>
fta at IM ma al { |i(i»«i #<a tn t Ü At. M M
I \#rd i'MaiUtl aaa taul
f >1 ilif M f ' h t d t «aaitaf tf Mfatball« W rf« ii/i
bi fiM ai»«iir|t, »-« i fin»» #/ auAxi »til 1 |d
W»i Altaï tJ
a U » ‘U f |i 'U f i «I #it«r. h t* l
"
-• • • • • • •« ••• •«* >-.« n * •

^ n > 0 tr|h fhla pruducl eonUhrii an »fta# »1 Ww 1
app'aiilify, 1f># vapora f'o m lha p«o4*ct may
ki|sM# I h t n .i» a au»<apiUita p*tMa In tha
vfctm lf of Iha a p p lttjl'o n .
[ DO NOT conlafM nal« i f f body of u n lt r by ter a d tppr<Ctfton, rta tn iA f pf a^uipm fnf, at
O tip r.ifl pf » a a ta t and t o n u m a u
(icaait«« am o o n la pf |h la m alfflal In |Ka «oil m t f
la m p n ia tllf inhibit
g#rmlnaUoAi and plant
f rp * th .

HERCULES
1p-ef«i»»■vm'm n »»TTu'*t1,u',T*^wi'm |iiur»Tm*TTr'r^r)T,*,&w»^|w »*
t L . i . . ^ . i n «i.

■—« ' —« J - » . - - . . ' «

■ «■■■■ ■

DO NOT appfy tMa p avditd on t a a n i li f u » * * ,
awch aa whlfo cl»v«r, prp autCAptibta ta tha
cham ico/ an d m ay Ut oovora^y d a m a |» d M
Villa d

B R U S 'H -R M A F

tXI NOT |v « ia d a,rr anlm«t« on trxK W ar»*a
wiihtn ) d»r* an»« app/icahon.
DO N O ! al««« tMa p r H u d n aar
a* * /t,
I n i n llcid fa or l « d | . ( i d u 0 0 NOT to d l iir l
n a la fa«d 0 « Irto d iln rii

M ER H IC ID E

LOW VOLATILE 4T

D a NOT uva ap»*j ««;i lpr*w««a enr«tjmir\al«d w*x%
f 1*1• p ro d u d fur « » f o lt.tr purpn*«
« •Ib tp n u n t m o t II n ftU f b# wa»d l<>* tM a»
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Avu.d to n l a d wiih II # rpaa, «Ain, »r (ioiM n|
riu a h a p i with c u a r » a la r and got prompt
m * ] ’! cl ailtn ilo n

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CAUTION: READ EMI RE I A HEI K R ADO I Î I O MAI I I A I l n i l M C
f RECALI HO MS .

KEEP O U I O f R EACH OF CIMI DR EM.

MADE

A t t i v i m r .A lli'IN t:
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•rpataMn,fW—«»v!’»»»•.^1 hf»\m '
am «.»«,ia»«»«nra#*««*%»■**•p*»»

9*4

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W.iK i i r t r w < « b t « » i U i a l I b a a M .* 94 p 'W u I » pW W. ) f a ' i ^ i l ai
A m i a»I, U l •**. » t'»a«**a n i v i ia » » i« M i N a fliii* n M ib i i n » i a* n w »*»ì
iriU
AH i» f « w i b » i , »« m ? a t «al i f l p i \ i a i i V« a i • U ^ f b i f
tw »
M a*M ♦»>■»»■» n * M i ' l v n v * r - i #1 M Iba
y | lM It
O^i 9*
i»*yt b a i i i a r ' n a n i « m ? m U n A r | > v « » » "» a b bvV. V f 1» H
I v a , U V » in « ib« »»•».. ik v ' S , k * I t f V f *i
ia » » i
9*«* N h A i a i
w .« »^ a U a m i nn |lv » a « K-a b d b . 1 a«»«M •» U p )

CAUoCcr:
MAT CAU't IRIN inCITATIOM
À*4ÌJ Crnl**9 v lth ff««. Win « n i C U ttU f

KÌCP O U T OP T H I H E A C II OP €

ILDRCM

I W f K I i W U »«V i i «a < M * m » ai w I M . n * n n m W y » i t t i r » .< ■ y An
* 9 i* » n <4 i
ly f i* a v n a* *mA ai m i » b r A > ^ n » a ^ h a i . M i

9
l’Alti.0?Ml|MATt AiliUTim-m J.|lafkplfanK*vnr afM bilt|
AmMm v ma.
r»iM M a*«
1Um .Sm irVamiaa* Iim b«l»i»1^1
u, 1 9**»a» n t n n (i i i i . t n . m » i t M i n t
a,rlm wpaiw mJIaw«,
T9ATOI*»«fM'IATTrouow *»««1ftiafCTtOMlAt«IVIN
filATUIMft fa«W*«*»M\mAi««VV**miA ••"?•*•-•****• < f ^ > > m o d o v 7 ct:nr.ncflL cor.ipnn
VJ*t9»M ?11AfMtK?i tuA rl »■■«>hfiiir b#lardiviVairrh^
4v*l W *««»S a v i N Ma», « d m •# f « p * y i »4 » M i 11» T W
•Mi •*WvAit-aVi1«a*ln»Vl*»«bufiW (tM 11U»ai ika V9«l»Hb ^ «a ia •>*•
r * b » M a m ai | p " m »1 I p w 1 - 1 U 9? p * n I VS » u U
«vibn Da«»Vam ai4pb«^a?IbvrI1UM ».*»-«IIpaipfpi. ||VWf|%t#m*
UWa«,a»b.«.va. A99*9 9» lb-4,Ub»i^9m *Uw
-«Ia?Aralai,Ul •*buiv»MnlAan./»S, W-*biMa».»«iWi,Ipi. « » a U , p i U »btfl•»a*%
U i » | * l» iA * r b u t
M I O lA t lO D I V I I I O N
m

I
U -im

f l i n t « » 1« 0 . 1 . a . In H«r 1 H I

t r u c t i irtciKTR u s t t B t * u i i

1

,!

r M tir to t« s r . r t . m i

iivtsioH? iHcurott ( l ) Minot c n w « t \ h iNcr.r.oitM URTI*
W.MT ( l ) « » o m o « or * t a * c m o M i o n r w " ooahaht cahi
t«0Ri»CAsr i n ATouion or o . i . o . a . t r c i m A t i o « no,

AKO»toom o rUCMJTlORAJLT lAMUWJ.

> 0 '__
. rO

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lvi 1090

t

Tffrrriftitoh

ft

i

O
I

CONTnOLB MANY BPECW8
OF THEEB, BlUIBll AND
DflOADLEAVED WEED8

Fö)[o)
Ü 2 ) U ‘ \1
fU**0 lnf#edlen*ei

It o m t a n d b e » b , |K « v ld b e

JUtd.. ... ............. „ 11 rs
Uh ol t#4,Mf4ibl##epbowe#peeem

... i» i n

.. 4 1 OH

A*ld fqvJreUn»«
AlU

. 19 1 H - 1 ft ff«l
Aeid., 10 1 H - 1 ft l f * i,

| ,4

|fA.ItfliM^N« 4*4.!?t-AA

)*J
K i l l t I il
V«* wie 1^ ( « f ili o ll ln f h#»be#1 t»A«J
p lo A li | f » « t n | In tlg b l « I wopt, »o*l*eod »ecd*
i, t t o J i i J f i « i J In d w tifle l ille t . I l U e lfe e tlv e » n u n h

tief ei:
itpen
>*r t b

| U
K id e rp

> lo ilb e*» p
i ld#*be»»p

b o n e p tv iilo

b o rd Ond
lo ll m epfo
•o l
ttn g e «»ongo

Im v iI

V irgin«« 4«0op0f
w ild |b # i» p
» ild

p e ile n Up

« n t wlfb iho tp ro p

B e il

»etwl’ i vtwollp p lt l ho f b le ln e d Ite m o p p lU a tle m me d t
o lle » in e « io « M lo llo p o d t i f U p e e e l Io tb# ip tln g I o n

te o n

>Ho«#d Io |«o»d « lU i A itinp II mwil be fig ilflifd ogaU belete
»g v|OM | l l l ) M K M tfl will m I «*»■ wifb eit ond iKoiflJ nol h i
■d Io» |i« *p •# be io l tpMi^i II ¡1 fiel
Io» l l l f l l i t l

a g e n l II In dowbt. Y ( O N

l# n t» e l mop » e iu tl dwrlng bol, d»p e p o i k » . U » d e * i — j
le n d ill t A l , In
e i t o l , o p p llte flo n t modo wp M |b»oo « » « U
b o fo ro l a l l f»e»4 o»o wiwollp « ll» f ll« e , T A p p llte tlo n Io lo l# |wmw«or
• e d lo ll Io t«f<«o o » # o i, ln < lv d ln | T e e e i e n d C HIobw m «, Il P i t »*«

U S I

P H IC A tM IO N l

lo v l » tn|o*p IC o e f ie lp *o p l C M# I» | | t« l*lp Io d r ill ) A u n d i n ^ l ( ,
o p p t if o llo n i b p o l f p l o n i , jjto u n d ilg » e n d b o n d d iip » n t » > i
ib e te I I r>o b o i m d f»om d t i l l ,

Do nol (O n to m ie n lo 1t»«gn|lon d«*|bet o» « n ie » wied Io» d o m n li«
p w ip o i« ! Do ne t |to *e neo» le » » iliie ri, t e e d i, I r i t f l l t i d » « er Iv n p i
|i< l» l | « ( » i i i * e a m o v n ti o l 7 ,4 ,1 1«l«hl© ropbeno»pm etit A »id o * d
7,4 D<«bforopbenoep«MOl1e A4 Id In tbo lo»l mop t©mporo»«1p In h ib it

• • lo p r d . v t i* 9 o d re n tb in g ip rn p <enin«n*n<j I q n llo n ol V | O N

v ie d Io» b o n d lin g o» o p p lp ln g o*bo» ng»l<ollw«ol ib #m l<o l»

U \H t l U I * p» f 100 g n lle n i « I » o U l C o *» in f|» |hoi»ld be | 0 «
»I« ond o ll p a i l i o l iK # p l e n lt , | n t l u d i n | fe llo g e , ib e e t

p in g lo n ln ln e n ib o v td not bo »t wted Io» enp m o io vlel w b itb w ill

rnnato

ih

u. s . a.

im

N ovrnni:n#

KftP OUT OT Tllt MACH OF CHHDSEM
CAU.SCS IRIMIATION OF SKIN AN 0 I Tt l
Da Na» Oal In Fyai
Avold Contnd wllh SUr» ond Claltilng

Il Io le r n t ln lo ( i n l e i l w ilb » e g f lo b lf t , Ho«*o»t, g » n p e i. frv tl
fte o i, o»f*om ep ioti, «eiten o» e ' k t d e iU o b le p lo n li wb*«b o»o
It f l iil i» « Io ) ,4 . J I a n d 1,4 0 D e not p t t m il tp fo p m««t to n io in in g
Il I# d r ill e n le ibom , iln te o *e n mmwle q w u n lilie i o l ibe tp ro p **ny

•pp «*oedp9«t*>k«p 1«1»fIl*«l»ollolle»lolinge IIweil

-nio

K t l l T l oepoeod *o io b lr o o ri» g

g ro d o o tlp I# i h m le m p o re lv ro e n d mie lb # r o « fb lp belebe e « U | .
Do M l o»0 d lr o it o# op en H om o.
Oe oe» ••• o m «< »» »w«, i m m « m n o »—
»nr m t

0 # r o l o p ptp V f O H 8K U S H K i l l t I di«o«tlp *p, o» i» k n » ! * » p » « » ll

lo e d g e fm in o lie n o» p in n t grow lb D etow te o l ibe diTlUwtip ol
Ib proegblp « Ifn M ip Q «pfOpO»! e n d 0<bo» e q o lp m o n l o ie d «»¡lb
1 .4 ,1 1 o n d 7 .4 0 f»«mwfoÜOAi, i w b eqw ipm enf |bp«#ld nol bo

D ffttC T IO N S

D IU lH

9em poralo»oi mop ( » p f o l llt o . Jb#t»ld e »p *o lH lo lilo n •<<«», w«««e

l o o i e d i d ) S p *o p l« g o lle» 1 ee *o i bo *o lo il Ibel» ne*m ot g *e e n
«eie» a n d «Igo» mop m l | i» e le tM o < lf» p <enf»el. K epoot o p p lito H ont mop bo ne«eeia»p o» e o « p r i^ t K d e » e lo p i

ih e u ld bo « o n le d e u l m l y » k n

w ell o i monp «tbe» woodp iond be»bo*«ow l e » » d l

De iv f « (b o l oio e n d m ptbod» o l oio o l lb l| pn rd w fl »onfonm te
lo ea t » o g o te llo n i, C o n io h y iv r o g f l( o llo * o l o g e n l •* ^ » p e rlm o n l

bo o p p tle d I# d o ilt o b lf re g e io tlo n ,

,

S h ip ­

U (O l l 0» lo n lm l » ilV l t | v o ifitv lo if > 1 1 » lilto « , l l . l t O f t * >1'^
p lo n t, « I > , l f l lo l o l l l O I I M p l n . l n onrl g | l .« ■ f .io l 01 - 1 ^1 *0 0 ;
wn»b « lin with u n p o n d p len lp #1 w o U » , l ( m t o » e n d w ö lb ton>
fo m in n le d ' ffo»b*ng b e lo ro re v t» . Do nei « r o »
Ib o # I 5*0*0 Ovl ol fOO(b #1 » b lld ro n ond e n lm o lt

HOtKI. blla» »•••«■% rk«( A« p«»|«a< «*«(•*•« »« o
l|

l«t I n

r i w m 1» * » * »

/

*»d| • m n « l i» *d i •••-« *4 •,« W»« *-* ■**■** «*J* .*-a>i «> •> «w« a * | «n*w
» I t H M I »OO A f A l f K U t * !

0t

e*

••> ••0 « *♦ t l *
» la w iw l

**11#*,

t a o d . ii^

W » r« i « iw » « i A

%4 r i 4
m» »■ d « i

4 »W 4 V

r> ^ > *o »
in J it . «

»\i

u . s . o . f . ciiKN cto to r . . r . » .

Ul

vSV »

«op w a i n «

!••■••<•>•>*. •
In rw a a ^ U

»

(a n

NOTtCe

THE D O W C H E M IC A L C O M P A N Y
MIDLAND. MICHIGAN 4 0 0 4 0

f\ V*» »
^

A / I 'O I I . «•*-«»

UW

fa a « M « W r

1111,

tvisto. Ul *0ITCH DANKS* OtLETtn. (41 KESTDICT10N OH USE
iKOUNO HOHE AHO AECAEATION AAf.AS AOOEO. Hl «If COOE AOOfO.

v» 4t«ti<f‘ia» • *4

» • A » U W «* a V « a ■ « « 4 ,« n t n d m r

i r u c c s f i r t c iH r .11 l a b e l i i * l i 30 r m t n r o i h r cn n u M ir , mi.

i.v»s i o n s »»tct-uoii

ton ro m inoted

m.

,t

i‘
i

SPECIMEN LABEL

ïi

Ad컫 U ffii'« a t |

FOR. THE CONTROL OF M ANY SPECIES OF TREES, BRUSH AND BROADLEAVED WEEDS
AND FOR THE SELECTIVE. CON fR^L 0? BlNJA'W.IvWED KI•EJS IH RICE

T i i t i ^ l i n i » i Stlv «I 2'4,5»Tri«hUr«pli«aoiyoi«ti«

A«ii ........................................................................... . . . . . 5 N S
U«rl l* f t«2<a«H ........................................................................ 4 ) ,) %

imurn lohoge development in the tpring. With gaud gtowimj
condition« ond odiMuiife toil monture, application« may be mod«
up to 2 to ) week« brini« nntmol hmt doit if plant« ore oitwely
growing, fe t i «fU-cltv« confluì rnoy revult during hot, dry
weather. Repeol oppheotumt muy b* nrctttory ot new giowih
develop«.

(A)
A T rtiihrU nÌM $ «ft «I 2,4 ,5 -T — T*t«f Acid E«uU«ltnt
4.0 F«inidt per G«tl«r»

§

WA RNI NG

W ARNING*.

Sproy woody growth up to 6 or B fret toll öfter folioge it well
developed, uting a drenching tpioy containing I guitón of
VION 2 1$ per 100 gallon« ut woter. Coverage thould be com*
plttc ond oil pert» ef the pianti, Uituihny telieye, iheet »lem»
end kerk, thould be thoroughly wit with Hie tpioy. (h-tl retuh«
utuolly will be obtained (tom application« moda toon ofler mu«*

Oe ture timi lite orni Mirthtul« ol ir.e of (hit product contorni lo
tocol iC'joluliiint Cr.ii',nil your ci'|riculfuiat tnjird or rifN'iimml
o.ji’Mt il m il.nil.t
VII 1CI 2 r# r»t^*,.«d lo \uh Irirnn ii iimperut t orvj
Oturct «hould bc wum.ed tu ut tiod 4lt*i
n m u n ì Uimun«ji>»/
»hmunghly
before u«mg

" *. T', *"

0« n»l f f l in t f t l .

*T I» 1'iT......... ■ li*» T~' ■! .

r; '

r ’ "»

Avvìi l« « lid with ill« « • ! ilalki»«,

I

In CO-.C of cordaci w.ih Ibe un.Muled weed idler, flmh
e»et wdl» plenty of water lot ot Itoti l5 m nuirt ond Qft
m ej.col oltertlion, wo.h tkm with toop and plenty ol
water. Miniavo ond wuJ» coniom.noieJ cloih.ng bete««
lC-tif| Do noi wcOr cCntom.ngle

■C7
l

o

I«hi.ct.

oo
l
0r7Fy

&
■f.t

THE D O W C H E M IC A L C O M P A N |

■ »sones
...... -i m o o -,i

I

CAUSIS IRR ITA TION OF SKIN AND (T IS

MI DI ANO. MI CHI GAN

j

M ID L A N D D IVISIO N

i

0 6 -im
■! <l'

l'rln tcd In U. S. A.
T-iry . - i . r.- | ■■■. <r-

r*
-i -r i r

4

3 CONTROL IN RICE: T r e a t /» t o 0 oeeko a f t e r emergence o f the r l c o . L'lierc f 6 l l d c d , t r e a t between 7 and 0 weeka «f to r
iln g vlicn p la nt o havo emerged above u a t c r s u r f a c e and leavea a rc atnndlng e r e c t . l!ee 1 to 2 1/2 p i n t o of Venn 2/i5 In
ro x in n t c ly 5 to 7 gnllono of w a t e r pe r a c r e . For boot b o s u l t a u c c d o .uliould lie young and a c t i v e l y growing. With
Lota"“ uccdo ouch a n Mexican weed and c u r l y Indigo, up '■*' 3 p l n t a of Venn 2A5 per acr e nay be neee nnnr y, bn* v I o l J tray

EXHIBIT

DIRtCTIONS

Do not opply VION 245 d u in i» to, or otherwise permd il to
come into confuti with vnjcloblct, llowcrt. giopet, fruit («rrt,
ornomvnfolt, cotton or other delirai.le plonft wh»ch oie icnuluc
lo 2 ,4 .5• T, ond da nut pound tpitiy miti contoming il to drdl
onto them, tinte evvn minute quoiditivt of the tp*oy may came
iniury
tCnat«« tp»o>t ore lo»t M vly to dull I Actonlmgly,
cipphcolton« by otiplan«, gttiund rigt ond hand dnprn-.cr« thould
be torricJ Out only whin thou» *« no ho io 'd from dull
Do nnl
Contorninole rrtt’julmn d.lihtrt or wider n \rJ tor il<«mettiC pur*
potvt. Do not «tuie «no» h it .h in t , tee<l\. »«'ittitulot or lungi»
Cidct. t*tev.»ve umunnlv of 2,4.5 • Trttl.lnrophenukyoi rl.c At id
in die toil may fempointily inhibit «rod germination or plant
growth Dvcame of tfie difficulty id thoroughly t leonini} «pioyctt
ond other tiiM.pmi'nl me I will» 2,4.5» 1 luimnlalinnt tuth equip*
meni «huutd nnt be «ned fur hiindlm.i M upplymi) i.thcr ugntul.
tinof chrnuCulv. Shipping ronfumrt« «hutild nut t.e te ir.e j for
ony moleriol win* ft wdl be applied to dctiiohle vegetation

V(ON 24$ It recommended for ui« in Controllino hfiboceout on<f
woody plonti growing In right.ol«woyt, rodrood tooifbedt, ddch.
bonlt, roodkidel ond imJuiinol tile«. II it «Ifecliv« on tuch
ipccifl ot otpen, birch, blockbtrry, eldcrbetry, elm, hickoty,
honeytuckle, Iccutt, hard ond loft mople, ouk, otoge oronge,
ponon ivy, tottohot, VirQuMo creeper, wild cherry ond wild rote,
ot well ot mony ether woody ond hetboceoui weed», tl allowed
to ttond oiler mining it mutt be ogitoied ogo*n before uting.
VtGN 2 45 will not mi« wiih od ond thould not be uted for
Hump or boiol tproyt. It It not recommended lor «elective uto
In d opi.

§
i'.i

N O TIC I

Seller m o iri no wononty of ony ilnd, t i p u i i or vnplird. con.
crrnmi) thè me uf tini pioti« ut. Ouytr ottumet all mk ol ut« or
tiundlin.j, wticther in occonlume wiih dutctiorii or not.

2,1(5*Tri<td«r«pfc«a«ty«c«lit Acid fqwttaUftl .................... 4 0 .4 %

1" ? )', * ' * •

í¿i
ï:
liI
id

—

- -

—

*

WEED AND
BRUSH KILLER
A Gemerai Wand ond Brunh Conlrol Formulation for Forming Inverted Emulsions
iwcmctT'i
V W

><aiwi»»a«uwr»aa«« — H ft 4 ty. .
U lO A

...U %%
....IfM

........Vt

«iy—aXa m U | I ,4 | T|...

It i« t m P m » M ir W n t
ft«4t ima Cr^'^
f t b w U » U i k M «’♦ tin« 4 » l i o r t

C«HuOi|
M Ot

«<rM«

>wo %•c-rwog
«Tt
>

|C»HO

/p aw

., I I A . | Q » « / p / l M

N

4M I I I

*S Cl >w f H wVU* U r I«

's X«» In t r w t f r f U h

p*WM
i M *•**
M H U I v Sm| I^h| m lpW» aN mu u u n x e Pu« K * * n t rta p X t. t N la x N t f i |
l*U •• (W t'ttry « M it P f X« »MM« n«S Xbthy Mack«« e x m t f >awX
■ t f M N t X i 'f
m

■ NX

«
«
■
>pft«vX
•sut liM t
f #N a n i '
ti
1 P«ra*
’ t«N**f

(M t'X |«p
pW«
tM*<U l f
|U
f tp iN m
Attat
ft4»Pf
AxUftuftfta
iMult
p*ta**
M l

aikMPteyt
pa«*n ivy
|«*i«e eaft
lXlb<l*Mft
f|i.wnl**tf

pap«
« itS ittt
xi«»«u
m M

ia*l ikpXurh
ItN x u u f tX
itt«|t*aa
ft«*r»a«
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•V.U (•*«*•«

r U *iM> p#"#mm-Ps r«t m«u r^-v,j* r 4 p«rv»p WnnrfNp

«ft

USI DmtCTIONS
•I W y M I W Vt*IO*t ( I II #4d|»v<t I» M wftaX H I I** k M .r l «4
f*Niir> ir*t i
i p n ♦ .»I An^f U » «.ih a•.»(***•<4 *N
I I» «M ••IK
!••»4*•*u*tl i««k«t
*i«K t f w
«
i e i f « 4 a* um p «i u « Mf (« XI r v l

• r U K ' M i VlhlQN Cl

M

in

M

« ilk t i i U

hi rWWSwWUi| App#fVISION(f

tm| m i |I a«>i.p

M laiiihft«"*»»itrittayt
H4lr*|it>*|i«i<t |4> »•••

I in I) r»>
^ r W rr4 »«v m ' vh pn «cry In t» tnv e1 »*<
*•#*tX,i«»M |#

n i u h a t m n t v * N 4 *a *r r 4 » rk * w t » V ( n t 0 * t t l <i i* u f o u l to iin ia
- r t é » i" t4 n ^ u n Vy t 4 N C iw p m p n y Mi HN (| f A O T O A flO N f I r k l
U t I f«Sv*ft ftp«*? «sa M**r

»pw

H

Vx«fc P t «'«MiMf P truly

riu t nra x*XNuKU u tiM Ki^er*m*#, ktnidivf

^

^

| l t |*>
| M n P « ) 1 f t • tin e
t p lf IM , U M t H
t f 4 M u a-ftd rru *«»_*X r — »4* P VtAION Cl PN *• | M t » n l » r * » M
p a ryatt« n t i l u s i p i f *unW n*» «eih c t * ' ^
spiM<t *. a*x
IN p « M t X «et* iny**t4 I« pvt IN
X apt? í**n N Wit* *N «N*
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IN E R T IN G R E D I E N T S : ................................................................................. 20.8 °,
2 ,4 - D Acid Equivalent 6 3 .2 % — 6 pounds per gallon
E.P.A. Registration No. 4 6 4 - 2 7 9 ..,

USE DIRECTIONS
U v e E S TE RO N 7 o 6 c h e r b i c i d e io c o n i r o l b i n e r - e e d . c r o t o n . d o n d e I i o n , doc ks, g o I i n ; c g ~
h e n b i t , kochio, lo m b s q u o r te r s . m a r s h e l d e t , m u tto r d s , p e p p e r g r c s s , p ig w e e d , p l o n t o i n
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w i t h o u t in ju r y to movt e v i o b l i v h e d g r o s s e s ; o lv o f o r c o n t r o l o f 2 , 4 - 0 s u s c e p t i b l e w o o d
p l a n t v s u c h o t c o o v t a l s a g e , t o n d v o g e , e l d e r b e r r y , h a z e l , lo c u st , p o i s o n o a k . s u m a c on<
w i l l o w . U se in s m a l l g r o i n s , c o r n , s o r g h u m , g r o s s s e e d c r o p s , p o s t u r e s , r o n a e t o n d o n d »
non-crop oreos.
A p p l y ESTE RO N 7 6 BE a s o w o t e r o r o i l s p r o y d u r i n g w a r m w e a t h e r w h e n w e e d s o r b r u t
a r e a c t i v e l y g r o w i n g . A p p l i c a t i o n u n d e r d r o u g h t c o n d i t i o n s o f t e n wil l g iv e p o o r result}
U s e lo w s p r o y p r e s s u r e to m i n i m i z e s p r a y d rif t. O n c r o p l a n d a n d a l o n g r o a d s i d e s , d o nc
e x c e e d 2 0 psi p r e s s u r e . A p p l y e n o u g h s p r o y v o l u m e to p r o v i d e u n i f o r m c o v e r a g e of v e e :
a n d b r u s h , u s u a l l y 5 to 2 0 g a l l o n s p e r a c r e b y g r o u n d e q u i p m e n t a n d 3 to 5 g o l l o n s by a i
c r a f t . H i g h e r g o l l o n a g e m a y b e u s e d if d e s i r e d to i m p r o v e s p r o y c o v e r a g e o n d to r e d u c e th
h o z o r d fr o m s p r a y d r i f t .
G e n e r a l l y , t h e l o w e r d o s a g e s r e c o m m e n d e d o n fKim l a b e l w ill b e s a t i s f a c t o r y fo r y o u n c
s u c c u le n t g ro w th of sensitive w e e d s p e c ie s , fo r less sensitive s p e c ie s a n d u n d e r c ondifior
w h e r e c o n t r o l is m o r e d i f f i c u l t , t h e h i g h e r d o s a g e s wil l b e n e e d e d . For c r o p u s es , d o n o t mi
w i t h o i l o r o t h e r o d j u v a n t s u n l e s s s p e c i f i c a l l y r e c o m m e n d e d o n th is l a b e l . D e e p - r o o t e
p e r e n n i a l w e e d s s u c h a s C o n o d o th i s t l e o n d f i e l d b i n d w e e d a n d m a n y w o o d y p l a n t s u s u a l '
r e q u i r e r e p e a t e d a p p l i c a t i o n s f o r m a x i m u m c o n t r o l . Do n o t o p p l y E S TE RO N 7 6 BE w h e r
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l a m i n a t e w a t e r f o r i r r i g a t i o n o r d o m e s f i c ’u s e . D o n o t a p p l y i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f 2 , 4 * D s e m i
l i v e c r o p s o r o r n o m e n t a l p l a n t s s i n c e v o p o r s f r o m t h i s p r o d u c t m a y c o u s e i n j u r y to sue.'
c ro p s o r p la n ts . R e a d a n d fo llo w all U se P r e c a u tio n s g i v e n e n this la b e l.
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E S T E R O N 7 6 BE in w a t e r form s a n e m u l s i o n w h ic h t e n d s to s e p o r o t e u n l e s s t h e m ix tu r e >
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m i x t u r e to t h e w a t e r w ith o g i t o t i o n . H o w e v e r , w ith o d e q u o t e o g i t o t i o n . t h e oi l c o n b e o d d e i
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s t a g e . H i g h e r r a t e s ( u p to P * j p i n t s p e r o c r e ) m a y b e r e q u i r e d t o c o n t r o l c e r t o i n w e e d s bi
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a n d B orley.
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s t o g e t o c o n i r o l l o r g e w e e d s t h a t m a y i n t e r f e r e w i t h h a r v e s t . B e s t r e s u l t s will b e * o b f o i n e
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.SP EC IM EN
LABEL

W E E D C O N T R O L IN C O R N : U se o n e o l t h e f o l l o w i n g t h r e e p r o g r a m s : P r e e m e r g e n c e : A p p
1 */3 to 2 J/a p i n t s p e r a c r e to s o il a n y t i m e o f t e r p l a n t i n g b u t b e f o r e c o r n e m e r g e s . Do n<
u s e o n l i g h t s o n d y soil. E m e r g e n c e ; A p p l y Va p i n t p e r a c r e |u s t o s c o rn p l o n t s o r e b r e o k m
g r o u n d . P o s t e m e r g e n c e : A fte t e m e r g e n c e of c o r n , u s e 1 a p i n t p e r o c r e . A p p l i c a t i o n of 1
to Va p i n t p e r o c r e m a y b e n e e d e d fo r m a x i m u m c o n t r o l o f s o m e w e e d s b u t s u ch r o t e s or
m o r e lik e ly to i n j u r e t h e c o r n . If c o r n is Over 8 i n c h e s t a l l , u s e d r o p n o z z l e s to k e e p t h e Ip<c
o f f t h e c o r n f o l i o g e o s m u c h os p o s s i b l e . D o n o t a p p l y f r o m t h e t o s s e l m g to d o u g h s t o g e C
n o t u s e w ith o il , o t r o n n e c r o d | u » o n t s C r o p i n ju r y «s m o r e likely to occu r if c o rn is gr©wir.
r a p i d l y ' u n d e r h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e o n d h i g h soil m o i s t u r e c o n d i t i o n s . To r e d u c e b r e o k o g r c
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s e n s i t i v e . S p r o y o n l y v a r i e t i e s k n o w n to b e t o l e r o n t to 2 . 4 -D . C o n t a c t s e e d c o m p a n y o n d
E x t e n s i o n Se rv ic e W e e d S p e c i a l i s t s f o r th is i n f o r m a t i o n . Do n o t a p p l y in t h e v ic in ity of c o t t o n ,
t o y b t o n t a n d o t h e r ¿,4>D s u s c e p t i b l e p l a n t s .
W E E D C O N T R O L I N G R A S S SEED C R O P S ; U se Vs t o 1 p i n t p e r a c r e in t h e a m o u n t of w a t e r
r e q u i r e d f o r u n i f o r m a p p l i c a t i o n b y o i r o r g r o u n d e q u i p m e n t . A p p l y to e s t a b l i s h e d s t a n d s
in s p r i n g f r o m t h e t i l l e r to e a r l y b o o t s t o g e . Do n o t s p r o y in b o o t s t a g e . N e w s p r i n g s e e d m g s
c o n b e t r e o t e d w i t h t h e l o w e r r a t e o f f e r t h e g r a s s e s h a v e a t l e a s t five l e o v e s . P e r e n n i o l
w e e d r e g r o w t h c o n b e t r e o t e d in t h e l o l l .

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W E E D A N D B R U S H C O N T R O U N R A N G E L A N D A N D G R A S S PAS TURE S BY AIR O R G R O U N D
E Q U I P M E N T : N O T E : Do n o t g r a t e d a i r y o n i m o l s o n t r e o t e d o r e o s w i t h i n 7 d a y s o f f e r o p*
p l i c a t i o n . The f o l l o w i n g t r e a t m e n t s w i l l i n j u r e o r kill l e g u m e s so u i e o n l y w h e r e los s o f
l e g u m e s c a n b e t o l e r a t e d . Do n o t a p p l y o n n e w l y s e e d e d a r e a s u n til g r o s s it w e l l e s t o b *
f i s h e d . Do n o t o p p f y fr o m e o r l y b o o t t o mil k s t o g e w h e n g r o s s s e e d p r o d u c t i o n is d e s i r e d .
B r o o d l e o f W e e d s : To c o n t r o l b i n e r w e e d , b r o o m w e e d , c r o t o n , d o c k s , k o c h i a , m o r s h e l d e r ,
m u s k t h i s t l e o n d o t h e r s , u s e 2 V i t o 3 p i n t s o f ESTE RO N 7 6 BE p e r o e r e in t h e o m o u n l of w a t e r
n e e d e d f o r u n i f o r m a p p l i c a t i o n . If t h e w e e d s o r e y o u n g a n d g r o w i n g o c t i v e l y 1 V 2 to 2 p i n t s
p e r a c r e w ill p r o v i d e c o n t r o l o f m a n y s p e c i e s . D e e p - r o o t e d p e r e n n i a l w e ? d s m a y r e q u i r e
r e p e a t e d t r e a t m e n t s in t h e s a m e y e o r o r in s u b s e q u e n t y e o r s .
C h a p a r r a l B r u s h S p e c i e s : To c o n t r o l c h o m i s e , m o n i o n i t o , b u c k b r u s h , c o a s t a l t o g « o n d
c e r t a i n o t h e r c h a p a r r a l s p e c i e s , u s e 1 V3 t o 2 q u o r t s p e r o c r e in 8 to 1 0 g o l l o n s o f w a t e r .
A g a l l o n o f oi l p e r a c r e m a y b e i n c l u d e d in t h e s p r o y m i x t u r e f o r o d d e d e f f e c t i v e n e s s , Fo r
e ffe c tiv e control, t h e b r u s h must b e fu lly l e a f e d o u t o n d g r o w in g a ctiv ely w h e n s p r o y e d .
R etrearm eni moy b e n e e d e d .
B i g S a g e b r u s h : U s e I V2 <0 2 q u o r t s p e r o c r e in 2 to 3 g o l l o n s o f oil o r in 3 to 5 g o l l o n s o f
©il*wa»er e m u l s i o n s p r a y . For e f f e c t i v e c o n t r o l t h e s o g e b r u s h s h o u l d b e in f u ll f o t i o g e o n d
g r o w in g octively w h e n s p r a y e d .

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W E E D C O N T R O L I N N O N - C R O P A R E A S S U C H A S L A W N S . AIRFIELDS, R O A D S I D E S ,
V A C A N T LOTS, D R A I N A G E DIT CH B A N K S : A p p l y 1 to 2 q u a r t s of E S T E R O N 7 6 BE p e r
o c r e in t h e o m o u n l of w a t e r n e e d e d f o r u n i f o r m o p p l i c o t i o n . U s u o l l y 1 V j q u o r t s p e r o c r e
p ro v id e s g o o d w e e d control u n d e r o v e r a g e conditions. T r e a t w h en w e e d s o re y o u n g o n d
g r o w in g w ell. Do n o t use o n g o lf g r e e n s n o r on d i c h o n d r a or o th e r b r o o d l e o f h e r b o c e o u s
g r o u n d c o v e r s . D o n o t u s e o n c r e e p i n g g r o s s e s s u c h o s b e n t o n d St. A u g u s t i n e e x c e p t fo r
s p o t t r e o t i n g , n o r o n n e w l y s e e d e d t u r f u n t i l g r o s s is w e ll e s t a b l i s h e d . R e s e e d i n g o f t r e a t e d
o r e o s sh o u ld b e d e l a y e d follo w in g tr e a tm e n t. W ith s p rin g o p p lic o tio n , r e s e e d i n 't h e loll;
w ith f o i l a p p l i c a t i o n , r e s e e d i n t h e s p r i n g , l e g u m e s o r e u s u a l l y d o r r i o g e d o r k i l t e d so d o
not tre o t o re o s w h e re th e le g u m e s o r e d e sire d . D e e p -ro o te d p e re n n io P w e e d s m o y re q u ire
r e p e o t e d t r e a t m e n t s in t h e s o m e s e a s o n o r in s u b s e q u e n t y e o r s .
W O O D Y PLANT C O N T R O L I N N O N - C R O P A R E A S : To c o n t r o l s p e c i e s s u s c e p t i b l e t o 2 . 4 - D
in r i g h t - o f - w a y s , f e n c e r o w s , J o o d s i d e s , o n d o l o n g d r o i n o g e d i t c h b o n k s , S p r o y b r u s h u p to
5 to 8 f e e t t o l l o f f e r s p r i n g f o l i a g e is w e l l d e v e l o p e d , u s i n g 2 to 3 q u o r t s o f E S T E R O N 7 6
BE in 1 0 0 g o l l o n s o f w o t e r o n d w e t t i n g o i l p o r t s o f t h e b r u s h i n c l u d i n g f o l i a g e , s t e m s o n d
b a r k . Th is m a y r e q u i r e u p t o 4 0 0 g o l l o n s of s p r o y f o r o d e q u o t e c o v e r a g e o f s o l i d s t o n d s
o f b r u s h . M o k e o p p l i c o t i o n in s u c h a w o y o s to p r e v e n t d r i f t o f t h e s p r o y o f f i h e o r e o b e i n g
t r e o t e d . S p r o y i n g c a n b e e f f e c t i v e 0 1 o n y ti m e u p t o 3 w e e k s b e f o r e f r o s t o s l o n g a s s oil
m o i s t u r e is s u f f i c i e n t f o r o c l i v e g r o w t h o f t h e b r u s h . Less e f f e c t i v e c o n t r o l m o y b e o b t a i n e d
d u r i n g h o t d r y w e o f h e r w h e n s o il m o i s t u r e is d e f i c i e n t o n d p l a n t s a r e n o t o c t i v e l y g r o w i n g .
O i l o r w e t t i n g a g e n t m o y b e o d d e d t o t h e s p r o y , if n e e d e d f o r i n c r e o s e d e f f e c t i v e n e s s .
F o r m o r e r e s i s t o n t s p e c i e s o n d f o r g e n e r a l c o n t r o l of m i x e d b r u s h , u s e ES T E R O N B ru s h
K ille r o r ES T E R O N 2 4 5 h e r b i c i d e .
S P O T TR E A T M E N T : To c o n t r o l b r o o d l e o f w e e d s in s m a l l n o n - c r o p l o n d a r e a s w i t h o h a n d
t p r o y e r , u s e (. s p i n t o f E S T E R O N 7 6 BE in 3 g o l l o n s o f w a t e r o n d s p r a y to t h o r o u g h l y w e t
o i l w e e d f o l i o g e . K e e p s p r o y m i x t u r e o g i t o t e d to p r e v e n t s e p a r a t i o n .

USE PR E C A U T IO N S
I

D o n o t e p p l y E S T E R O N 7 6 BE h e r b i c i d e d i r e c t l y t o . o r o t n e r w i » e p e r m i t it to c o m e i n t o cont o d w i t h c o t t o n , g r o p e s . I r u i t t r e e s , v e g e t a b l e s , f l o w e r s o r o t h e r d e s i r o b i e c r o p o r or nom e n t o l p l o r . t s w h i c h o r e s e n s i t i v e t o 2 . 4 - D h e r b i c i d e Do n o t p e r m i t s p r o y mi*t 10 d r i t t o n t o
t h e m , s i n c e e v e n v e r y s m a l l q u o n t» t» e s o f t h e s p r o y . w h ic h m o y n o t b e v i s i b l e , c u n c o u v e
s e v e r e in j u r y d u r i n g b o t h g r o w i n g o n d d o r m a n t p e r i o d * U s e c o o r s e s p r o y * to m i n i m i z e d r i f t
W i t h g r o u n d e q u i p m e n t , s p r o y d r i f t c o n b e l e s s e n e d b y k e e p i n g t h e s p r o y b o o m o s low o s
p o s s i b l e ; b y a p p l y i n g 2 0 g a l l o n s or m o r e of t p ' O y p e r o c r e ; b y u s i n g n o m o r e t h o n 2 0 p o u n d s
s p r o y i n g p r e s s u r e w ith H o t I o n o r f l o o d i n g H o t I o n n o z z l e tip*, b y s p r a y i n g w h e n w i n d
v e l o c i t y is lo w ; o n d b y s t o p p i n g o i l s p / o y m g w h e n «*md e t c e r d * 6 to 7 mile * p e r h o u r Do
n o t o p p l y w ith h o l l o w c o n e - t y p e i n s e c t i c i d e or o t h e r n o n les t h a t p r o d u c e o I«« e - d r o p le t s p r o y

9
lit .

W i t h o i r c r o f l o p p l i c o t i o n . d r i f t c o n b e r e d u c e d b y o p p l y n g a m in im u m o l 5 g a l l o n * o t s p r o y
p e r o c r e . b y u s i n g n o m o r e t h o n 2 0 p o u n d * s p r o y p r e s s u r e Ot i h r n o z z l e * , by u * m g n o z z l e *
w h i c h p r o d u c e o c o o r s e s p r o y p o d e r n , a n d b y s p r a y i n g o n ly » n m t h e w i n d v e l o c i t y 1* less
t h o n 5 m iles p e r hour.

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Wlll'tl »»•'c wimu ib bigwtitij iuwqio luucpiioic crops or ornomenioi pionli.

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T h i s «» a h i g h - v o l o t i l # 7 , 4 * 0 « t i e r f o r m u l a t i o n . V a p o r s f r o m t h i s p r o d u c t m a y i n j u r *
s u s c e p t i b l e p l a n t s g r o w i n g n e a r b y . Oo n o t u s e m o r n e o r o g r e e n h o u s e E i c r t » i « e u m o u m t
o f th is h e r b i c i d e m t h e t o i l m a y t e m p o r a r i l y i n h i b i t t e e d g e r m m o t i o n or p l a n t g # o w in
Thi t p r o d u c t is to x ic to f i t h . K e e p o u t o f l o k e t . t t r e o m t o n d p o n d t . Do no* a p p l y w h e n
r u n o f f it l i k e l y to o c c u r . Oo n o t c o n l o m m o t e w a t e r b y c i e o n m g of e q u i p m e n t or d i s p o s a l
o f w o t t e t - O o n o t c o n t o m m o t e « r r i g o t i o n d i t c h e t or w a t e r u v e d fo r i r r i g a t i o n o r d o m e t
tie p u r p ô t r i
To a v o i d <n|u r y t o d e t i r o b l e p l o n t t , d o n o t h a n d l e or a p p l y o t h e r a g r i c u l t u r a l c h e r m c o l t
w it h t h e t a m e e q u i p m e n t u t e d f o r E S TE RO N 7 6 BE e x c e p t a t s p e c i f i e d o n th it l a b e l This
p r o d u c t c o n b e s t o r e d in o n u n h e o t e d b u i l d i n g b u t d o n o t s to re n e o r f e r t i l i s e r s , s e e d s ,
i n s e c t i c i d e s , o r f u n g i c i d e s - If e x p o s e d to t u b f r e e z i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s , it s h o u l d b e w a r m e d to
o f l e o s t 4 0 F a n d m i x e d t h o r o u g h l y b e f o r e u s i n g . Oo n o t r e u s e c o n i o i n e r D is p o s e o f e m p t y
c o n r o i n e r t b y p u n c h i n g h o l e s *n t h e m o n d b u r y i n g w it h w a s t e in n o n - c r o p l a n d a w a y from
w a t e r s u p p l i e s o r f o l l o w o f f i c i o l l o c o l r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s fo r c o n t a i n e r d i s p o s a l ,
l o c a l c o n d itio n s m a y a f f e c t th e use of h e r b ic id e s . C o n su lt your Store A g ric u ltu ra l E x p e rim en t
S t o t i o n o r E x t e n s i o n S e r v i c e w e e d s p e c i a l i s t s f o r a d v i c e in s e l e c t i n g t r e a t m e n t s f r o m this
l a b e l to b e s t fi t l o c o l c o n d i t i o n s . B e s u r e t h a t u s e o f t h i s p r o d u c t c o n f o r m s to oil a p p l i c a b l e
r e g u la tio n s . A p p ly this pro d u ct o n ly a s s p e c ifie d on th is la b e l.

CAUTION
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN
HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED
MAY CAUSE IRRITATION

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Avoid Contact with E yes. Skin and Clothing

NOTICE: Seller worromi «hot the product conforms to »n chemical description and *s reasonably l.r lor
•he purposes Stored on the lobel when used in occordonce with directions under normal conditions of
use. but neither thrs worronty nor ony other worronty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITn££$ FOR A PAR
UCUIAR PURPOSE, express or implied. extends to the use of this product contrary to label instructions,
or unper obnormol conditions, or under conditions not «entonooly foreseeable *o seller, cmp buyer cntumes «K# *«sS of ony wch use.

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1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COUR
E A S T E R N 1D I S T R I C T O F N E W Y O R
M D L No. 381

2
3
4

In

re

Deposition
"AGENT

5

6

Product

ORANGE"

Liability

WILLIAM

Litigation

MC

of:

J

CARVILLE

7.
3

o
*

TRANSCRIPT

10

MARGARET

J.

11

Reporter

and

12

Jersey

13

UPDIKE,

14

on

and

testimony

TEILMA8ER,
Notary

New

405

Friday,

of

at

Lexington

the

of

the

New

1 9 8 3.

by

and

befcr

Shorthand
State

offices

Avenue,

11,

taken

Certified

Public

York,

February

a

as

of

York,

of

New

T O W N LEY
Mew

&

York,

j

15

17
17
1C

19
2C
21
22
W est
23

405 N o r t h f i e l d A v e n u e
O r a n g e , New J e r s e y 07052

(2 0 1 ) 7 3 1 - 9 5 7 5

24

25
2>I*-

direct

Mc Ca rv i1 1 e

1

A.

2

Ye s .
Q.

Thereafter

did

product

being

and

had

been

hear

it

for

the

3

that

your

4

Vi et

Nan?

5

A.

Yes.

6

Q.

A.

3

seventies.

LO

A.

‘w h e n

was

did

you

recollection,

Were

Q-

11
12

My

When

7

9

95

I d o n ’t

you

Do

you

you

hired

sometime

one

way

remember

for

ever

in

hear

the

from

used

.-was

being

14

15

A.

the

16

Q.

17

feeling

of

Q-

20

A.

21

yes.

23

bought

24

A.

25

HR.

SASETTA:

so

Not
Q.

any

early

or -the -at h e r .
having

first

time

Objection

feeling

feeling

any

feeling

that

tha t

or

one

at

to

the

a

orod uc

way

or

the

other

to

the

Any

emotional

reaction

at

all.

explained

why

Did

you

have

much

for

a number

you

or

any

shock.
Objection

physically,

form.

all?

SABETTA:

When

at

«

MR.

it

tine

V i e t 'Warn?

surprise

I guess

Q.

22

in

Any

IS
19

used

Did' I h a v e

in

first

*

13

anyor,

surprised?

recall

Q.

you

that

they

bought

question
of

of

form.

so

much,

why

they

years?

no.
say

^
I guess

it

explained

why

^

P
w a a a a n d s p in e lli

c e r tifie d s h o r th a n d r e p o r t e r s

direct

McCarville

1

they

bought

O

sales

and

the

3

wanted

to

sell

4

tha t

true?

5

A.

Wanted

6

to

the

7
3

much

9

true?

10

A.

13

-A.

14

couldn't

Since

much

sell

In

of

this

IS

A.

My

You
Is

20

Viet

Mam.

21

A.

Yes .
Q.
that

was

job

we

of

the

prod l

stuff

presumably.

could

in

I

respor.

was

a

to

sell

job?.

as

Isn't' t

to

sell
as

as

you

a

much

of

any

could?

customer., that

I

I responded.

sold

1973

want

your

problem,

event,

you

did

a customer.

manufactured

that

after

as

that

wasn't

found

When

selling

you

Wasn't

was

recollection,

Q.

much

question

product

director

request.

any

your

the

possible

a n s w e r ‘-is

you

this

as

as

influence,

17

A.

to

that

seventies

25

as

Your

16

to

was

government

Q.

24

who

possible.

product

was

person

as

12

23

as

Your

Q.

22

you

Q.

11

19

much,

government

The

15

so

95

sometime

in

as

why

there

was

answered.

Is

that

to

th e

early
so

mu

corre

yes.
out

that

it

was

being

used

i

c o r r e c t?

talk
or

about

from

t he

the

early

period

seventie

of,

say ,

'

point

i

'73?
I don't

recall

exactly

when.

At

one

______________ __ ____________ :____________________________________
\i //-«rir-\ i'-it-iH rr^in<=»lli
r>H chnrthnnrl

1
1

UNITED
STATES
DISTRICT
COUR'
EASTERN
DISTRICT
OF
NEW YORK

2

MDL

No.

381

3
4
5

In

re

:

6
7

"AGENT
Product

ORANGE"

Liability

:

Litigation

Deposition
CECIL

H.

of:

RUSSEL!

:

8
9
10

11

TRANSCRIPT

.12

NANCY

13

Notary

14

MARRIOTT,

15

1983,

C.

of

BENDISH,

Pjublic
St.

of

testimony
a

c ommencing

Certified

the. S t a t e

Louis,
at

as

taken

by

Shorthand

and

before

Reporter

of

New

Jersey.,

at

the

Missouri,

on

Monday,

May

2,

9:30

in

the

forenoon.

16
17
18
19
20

21
22
West
23

405 N o r t h f i e l d A v e n u e
Orange, New Jersey 07052
(201) 7 3 1 - 9 6 6 6

1Ä
24

1k

•

25

III

ar

55

C . Russell

1

you've

2

published

3

A.

4

and

the

3

about

9

A.

*ik

12

but

what

fertilizer

standard

in

the

Well,

method

have

blending
of

And
I'm

Well,
Q .

14

A.

15

•
thing.

literature.

th-at

when

trying

the

what

we'll

would

you
to

be

in

be

talking

the

say

you

m'atters

what

would

you
be

a r t i c l e s

13

A.

sir?

p r o c e d u r a l .
*•

yo u

mean,

m a n u a l s

And
have

did
to

any

do

of

.

sir?

o p e r a t i o n ,

that

sort

of

of

w ith

those

p r i v a t e l y

p h e n o x y

p u b l i s h e d

h e r b i c i d e s ?

No.
Q.

Did

any

C o r r e c t i o n .
C.

We'll'

2 3

of

those

—

S p e c i f i c a t i o n s .
talk

for

75

mean,

•

17

2 4

private

/

Q .

21

do

P r o c e s s e s ,

•

A.

about,

literature.

p u b l i s h e d

a s c e r t a i n

p r i v a t e

W h a t

15

20

*

analysis.

s %

19

articles

Yes .

m a t t e r s ,

13

you

else?

that's

publishing

Q.

A.

three

Anything

Q.

in

the

Nothing

7

before,

Monsanto?

Scotts

Q.
A.

about

for

Well,

5
5

spoken

about

Ora n g e

MR.

S A BETTA:

Did

you

that.

1,

You

d i d y o u

Obje c t i o n

to

c r e a t e d

t h e

not?
the

form.

133
Q.

Oranoe

1?

c r e a t e

the

s p e c i f i c a t i o n

for

C.

Russell

1
2

MR.
A.

I v/rote
Q.

3

it,

it,

of

5

incorporated

was

not

They

were

8

Q.

And

9

created

before

10

11

A.

Q.

13

after

14

A .

15

don't

16

less.

18

the

Almost

you

wrote

one

your

that

version

was

then

Objection.

sane.

MIL

that

you

was

it

spec,

SABETTA:

Was

your

created

was

not?

Objection.

A.

That

21

don't

22

chemists.

24

right?

25

A.

that

you

created

created

specs?

who.

We

you

say

When
of

gentlemen

Colonel
don't

Ye s .

worked

t o g e t h e r,

we,

do

who

from

like

remember

Government

r—

SI i g h t l y_

Bartlett,

sound

specifically

Q.

version

simultaneously..

C o uple

20

23

form.

it.

th e

your, v e r s i o n
th e

the

specs?

SAB E T T A :

remember

Q.

19

MIL

the

say

version

MR.

MIL

Q.
A.

you

of

to

No .

12

17

when

into

Objection

v e r s io n

your

MR .

5

A.

ny

Well,

4

7

S A B L‘7 7 \ :

the
is

it.

he

who

more

I

or

mean?

m i l itary.
one?

They

their

chemists

you

i t .

came

names.

c_at) e

here

but

They

were

I

to ..Mo n s a n_t o ,

9

.

K

2>Q>1

1

U N I T E D S T A T E S D I S T R I C T CC
E A S T E R N D I S T R I C T OF N E W \
MDL N O . 381

2

3
4

In

5

re

Deposition

6
7

"AGENT
Product

WESLEY

ORANGE"

Liability

o

R.KOS

Litigation

3
O
o'
10

11
12

TRANSCRIPT
THOMAS

L.

...

- - -

1.3

and

14

TREASURE

15

Friday,

16

10:09

LA

FERA,

testimony

as

a Certified

taken

Public

ISLAND
the
t he

27th

of

the

State

INN,

Daytona

day

of

by

Shorthand

•.

Notary

in

of

of

b ef

Reporte

*
New

Beach,

January,

and

Jersey,

Florida,

1934,

at
on

commencin

forenoon.

17
18
19

20
21
22
23
West
24
25

___________

405 N o r t h f i e l d A v e n u e
Orange, New Jersey 07052
(201 ) 73 1 -9 6 66

|

__________________________________ •
_________ 3 ^

w ana a n d soinelli

certified shorthand reporters

r

F e n n e r

1

MR.

2

A .

3

yes.

That's

Q.

4

5

it

can

6

company

7

could

does

other

not

My

that

in

choose

it

BURKE:

it

logically

the

to

directed

event

make

a

the

order

follows

In

11

and

1*2

letters

13

1968 , for

chemical

herbicide,

was

14

A.

15

TWX .

your

shown

were

is

Or

earlier

in

testimony,

e x h ib i t s ,

distributed

contracts

telegrams,

Q.

17

contracts

16

^between

19

companies

20

A.

on

—

that

or

you

state d ,

t e r m ina t ion

about

D e c e m b e r .16t h,

I

think

it

recall,

for

the

Herbicide

Government

sir,

I don't

Had

there

you

have

been

22

would

23

or

24

A.

Someone

25

been

the

somebody

most

else

any

recall
any

involved

else
could

likely

Orange

16,

been

was

—

*i t

thereafter,

and

December

Q.•

would

•

you

after

.

*-v

Do

the

No,

21

it

yes.

*

16

an:

Objection.

understanding

3.

10

words,

of'the

refuse.
MR.

A.

Objection.

understanding

assumed

8
9

my

In
be

WHITE:

109

of

was

if

"
done

any

w e r e ’n e g o t i a t e d
the

chemical

1968?
any.
such

negotiations,

in

each

and

possibly

have

negotiated?

have

one,

by

been.

I would

every

X would
say.

•

one

have
'

' _

.________ $<*1

w ag a and spinelli

r
W.

K o s t e r

1

1

p r o d u c i n g

o
4m

c o m p o n e n t s

3

A.

4

thin g ,

5

o f c o u r s e .

I

6
7

Agent

A.

10

11
12
13

c o m p a n y

p r o d u c i n g

th e r e o f ?

but

I

think

Miss

L e w i s

did

Do

you

recall

her

ever

s p e c i f i c

MS.

B O L G E R :

W o u l d

you

r e p e a t

Q.

Do

you

you

that

to

directive*

order

•

I

c a s e s

of

c a n ' t

14

as

.

If

16

p r o d u c t s

17

w o u l d

18

r e q u i r e

19

d i r e c t i v e

the

r e c a l l

X?

the

legal

such

her

s p e c i f i c a l l y

c o m p a n y

A

has

or

a p p e a l e d

«

any

s p e c i f i c

i n s t a n c e

of

that*.

'*i

c o m p a n y

by

D e f e n s e

that

they

O b j e c t i o n .
w as

the

not

D e p a r t m e n t

P r o d u c t i o n
b e g i n

rated

p r o d u c i n g

Act

of

p r o d u c t i o n

o r d e r - was

G O L D S T E I N :

of

D e f e n s e ,

1950
if

the

as

amende

s u c h

a

It

c a l l s

i s s u e d ?

O b j e c t i o n .

fo

c o n c l u s i o n .

22
23

m a t t e r

i n d i c a t i n g

*S

T Y R R E L L :
a

MR.
a

a

q u e s t i o n ?

c h e m i c a l

r e q u i r e d

20
21

such

O b j e c t i o n .

ever

recall

MR.

q

an y

that

”'
■

15

th

u n d e r w a y ?

s a y i n g

A.

any

r e m e m b e r

8
9

or

d o n ' t

Q.

a p p e a l

O r a n g e

Q.

MR.

TY.RRELL:

You

m a y

24

A.

I

can

ans w e r

25

t hat

I

had

in

6
/

a n s w e r .
it.

those

w n n n n n d sninelfi

O b j e c t i o n

^ T h e r e

years

was

w h i c h

an
I

u n d e r s t a n d i n g

c a n ' t

d e f i n e

r ig

certified shorthand renorlers

^0

x

W.

Koster

1

now,

2

be

3

normally

4

not.

and

can't

remember

them

as

to

1

whether

a compa

%

forced

to

make

make

it.

Q.

5

6

_

A.

a

given
My

Sir,

you

And

in

product

if

recollection

retired

they

is

in

1970?

Miss

Jane

did

not

we

coul

that

Two.

7

Q.

8

working

9

A.

with

She

10

whether

11

to

was

was

jobs

at

before

place

in

the

Q.

Would

it

have

13

was

before,

14

A.

i" w o u l d

15

have

still

15

period

hère

17

1968.

I don't
Q.

19

r ec a 11 ?

20

A .

No.

21

h a v e

still

Q .

22
23

e ver

24

sir

still

time.

I can't

or

after.

recal

She

mov

if

it

department.
been

close

to

1972

*<.

. . .

18

some

I retired

another

12

Lewis

you?

changed
it

1972

do

you

say

been

it
in

which

would
the

goes

think

What

That'

recall?

up

to

that

she

through

September

would

all

or

any

move

before

between

1968

and

1972,

not

sure

area

I'm

been

there

in

that

5 i r ,

y.o u

have

c h l o r a c n e

no

t irae

a nd

s p e c i f i c

w ith

o f •
I

that
do

yc

She

ma

d o n ' t

do

you,

- »

25

k no

r é c o l l e c t i o n
Le w i s ,

J a n e

this

October

made

the

d i s c u s s i n g

s

been

department

she

about

have

MR.

G O L D S T E I N :

Obj ec t io n .
1' r '

-

-•

- 1-

—

1 5

i l l

1

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK

MDL #381

)

DELCARATION OF JOHN A. RICHARDS
I,

John A. Richards, being duly-sworn, depose and state that

based on the records, files and documents to which I have access,
control and supervision, the following is true to the best of my
knowledge, information and belief:
(1)

I am Director of the Office of Industrial Resource
Administration, an office in the International Trade
Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Formerly,

we were named the Office of Industrial Mobilization.

Since

.4 .»

1968, I have been employed in numerous capacities within this
office.
(2)

a)

The Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended,

(50

U.S.C. App. 2061 et. seg.) authorizes the President "to
require that performance under contracts or orders (other
than contracts of employment) which he deems necessary or
appropriate to promote the national defense, shall take
priority over performance under any other contract or order,
and, for the purpose of assuring such priority, to require
acceptance and performance of such contracts or orders in
preference to other contracts or orders by any person he
finds capable of their performance."

13
*

z
(b)

«

Executive Order 10480, as amended, 3 CFR 962 (1949-1953

comp.)/ 50 U.S.C. App. 2153, delegates‘authority with respect
to all materials and facilities except petroleum, gas, solid
fuels, electric power,

food, transportation, storage, port

facilities, and distribution of fertilizer and farm
equipment, through the Director of the Federa] Emergency
Management Agency to the Secretary of Commerce.
(c)

Department of Commerce Organization Order 10-3 (45 FR

641, January 25, 1980) provides for the organization and
assignment of functions and delegations of authority
including certain authorities of the Defense Production Act
of 1950, as amended, to the Under Secretary for International
Trade.
(d)

International Trade Administration Organization and

Function Order No. 41-1 (45 FR 11862, February 22, 19B0)
provides that the Office of Industrial Mobilization shall
perform national defense and mobilization functions,
including administration of a system of priorities and
allocations to guarantee an adequate supply of strategic,
critical, and other products and materials for defense and
defense-supporting activities authorized by the Defense
Production Act of 1950, as amended.
(e)

The Defense Materials System Reg. 1, as amended, and

Defense Priorities System, Reg. 1, as amended,

(recently

combined into the Defense Priorities and Allocations System
(15 C.F.R. Part 330 et. al.) but previously cited as 32A CFR
Parts 621-662) establish an operating system under which

318

allocations and priorities are administered in order to keep
i

defense programs on schedule.
(f)

The Department of Commerce in BDC Del. 1 (41 FR 13641)

(now Office of Industrial Resource Administration) delegated
to the Secretary of Defense authority to place and authorize
others to place mandatory acceptance orders.
(g)

The above items 2(c) through (f) set forth'the

delegations of authority under the Defense Production Act of
1950, as amended,, within the Department of Commerce, and to
the Department of Defense by the Department of Commerce, as
they currently exist.

During the period September 20, 1966,

through September 18, 1968, the following delegations were in
effect:
1)

Department of Commerce Order 152 (October 10, 1953)
* N.

18 FR 6503, as revised 29 FR 5408.
2)

-National Production Authority Reg. 2, as amended,
(March 23, 1953) 18 FR 1684.

3)

Defense Materials System Reg. 1, as amended,
(December 2, 1959) 24 FR 9595.

4)

Business and Defense Services Administration Del.
1, as amended,

(3)

a)

(May 31, 1960) 25 FR 5788.

On September 20, 1966, the Defense Supply Agency, of the

Department of Defense, Cameron Station, Alexandria, Virginia,
requested assistance from the Business and Defense Services
Administration,

(now the Office of Industrial Resource

Administration), to obtain and accelerate the delivery of the
herbicide - defoliant "Orange.11

£

b)

In response to this request for special priorities

assistance, the_0ffice_of Industrial Mobilization on March
24, 1967, issued directives_to producers of defoliant
"Orange" (Diamond Alkali Company, Dow Chemical, .Hercules
Incorporated, Monsanto Company, Thompson Chemicals), to .
accelerate monthly rates of delivery of ‘'Orange."

Also the

Office of Industrial Mobilization issued directives to Hooker
Chemical Corporation, a producer of tetrachlorobenzene and
trichlorophenol which are intermediates' used to produce
"Orange," for shipment of these intermediate chemicals to the
above listed defoliant manufacturers and to Uniroyal Ltd.
(Elmira, Canada).

The above listed United States producers

of "Orange" and intermediates used to produce "Orange" were
further directed to provide the Department of Commerce with a
monthly report of production, shipments against rated orders,
inventories, and’production capacity for "Orange," and for
intermediate products.
c)

On September 18', 1968, the above listed producers of

defoliant "Orange," and intermediates used to produce the
defoliant, were notified that the March 24, 1967 directive
requiring shipment of defoliant "Orange" and intermediates
was rescinded.
a)

f

Prior to the time in which the cited directives were

issued, Department of Commerce officials were aware that the
chemical companies mentioned above were already in production
of herbicides used for defoliation purposes (See e.g.
attached letter of Dow Chemical dated March ?9, 1967).

, g'

b
T h e r e f o r e , t h e p u r p o s e o f t h e d i r e c t i v e s t o t h o s e c o m p a n ie s
were to accelerate production from already existing company
production rates to accelerated monthly production rates
which met the requirements of the Department of Defense.
b)

At the time the Office of Industrial Mobilization issued

its directives to each of the producer's of "Orange," the
directive required the companies to notify the Business and
Defense Services Administration if they were unable to
accelerate production as directed.

Our files do not reveal

that any company, which was directed to accelerate
production, appealed to this Department on the basis that the
company did not produce "Orange" or could not increase
production.

Some companies responded that they could comply

with the directives if sufficient quantities of production
....
...
. .***
materials were supplied.

I declare under penalty of perjury that the above is true and
correct.
Date:

K

31G

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF HEW YORK
IN RE

" A G E N T

ORANGE

}

Ó C

)
PRODUCT LIABILITY LITIGATION

(c l

)

)
ALL C A S E S ____________ )
DECLARATION OF ALVIN L. YOUNG
I r Alvin L. Y o u ng, being duly sworn, depose and state that
based on the records,

files and documents to which I have access,

control and supervision,
knowledge,
(l )

the following

is true to the best of my

information and belief:

I am a Senior Staff Scientist
States Air Force,

(AFSC 2 6 1 6 ) with the United

currently detailed as Senior Policy Analys

Office of Science and_.TechnolPjgy__PaJLJ.cy-/— Exe.£u:tLiy_e_Offi.ce
of the President, W a s h i n g ton, D .C.

Since 1968, I. have

served as an expert for the government in areas of science
related to the mil itary herbicide Agent Orange.

Specific

areas of expertise include formulation, equipment design,
r

application, military use, dioxin contamination,

environment

fate, toxicology and human risks to exposure.

(2)

Agent Orange,
of Defense,

as formulated and procurred for the Department

consisted of approximately a 50:50 mixture of

the normal-butyl esters of 2 ,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
and 2,4,5— trichlorophenoxyacetic acid.

The product was

formulated to c o n t a i n _approximately 8.6 pounds active
ingredient

(acid equivalents of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T)

gal lo n of liquid.

per

Thus the product contained roughly

4 pounds of each herbicide in the acid form.

t4<-4

(3)

The herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T have been commercially
available and widely used since the late 1940's.
formulations

Numerous

including the iso-butyl and normal-butyl ester

formulations were used commercially in the United States
prior to, during,
Vietnam.

and after the use of Agent Orange

In the 1960 Farm Chemicals Handbook,

in

formulations

of the normal-butyl ester of 2,4-D containing 4 and 6 pounds
per gallon active ingredient were recommended
control

in wheat and other field grains.

handbook,

for weed

In the same

formulations of the normal-butyl esters of both

2,4-D and 2,4,5-T (as a mixture) were recommended for brush
control on rangelands and in reforestation.

Typical ly these

latter formulations contained the active ingredient at 4
and 6 pounds per gallon.

As late as 1980 normal-butyl

. A_«

4.

esters of 2,4-D were commercially available

(DOW ESTERON

76BE)

per gallon.

containing 6 pounds

(acid equivalents)

Analyses in the early 1970's of archived samples of commercial
formulations of 2,4,5-T and archived samples of Agent Orange
showed similar levels of dioxin
dixoin)

contamination

(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-

(See Young, A.L.

et al. 1978.

The

Toxicology, Environmental Fate, and Human Risk of Herbicide
Ora ng e and Its Associated Dioxin, Air Force Technical

$

THE

DOW

CH EM ICAL

COMPANY

M ID L A N D . M IC H IO A N

41140

A u g u s t 9. 1967

A lb e r t M. K lig m a n , M . D . , P h . D .
D e p a r tm e n t o f D e r m a t o lo g y
H o s p it a l o f th e U n iv e r s it y o f P e n n s y lv a n ia
36th and S p r u c e S t r e e t s
P h ila d e lp h ia , P e n n s y lv a n ia 19104

^

a
a
r'-o
o
CO

D e a r D r . K lig m a n :

r«o
I h a v e y o u r n o te o f a fe w w e e k s a g o a n d a p o lo g iz e fo r n o t a n s w e r in g
it s o o n e r . We do w an t y ou to c o m e to M id la n d t o p r e s e n t a p r o g r e s s
r e p o r t on th e w o r k th a t you h a v e done w ith th e a c n e g e n s . A t th e
p r e s e n t t im e I do n ot k n o w w h en w ill b e a g o o d t i m e . I h o p e w e ca n
w o r k it in e a r l y th is f a l l . Is t h e r e a n y t im e w h en it w o u ld b e b e s t
f o r you o r a n y t im e w h en it w o u ld b e i m p o s s i b le f o r y o u ? If you
w i l l l e t m e k n ow th e a n s w e r to t h e s e q u e s t io n s , I w i l l do m y b e s t ■
to f ix a d a t e .
In a n s w e r to y o u r q u e s t io n I do n ot know w h e th e r a c n e g e n s have
b e e n found to be c a r c in o g e n s and I did not k now th a t c a r c in o g e n s
w e r e p o te n t a c n e g e n s . I a m v e r y i n t e r e s t e d , h o w e v e r , an d sh o u ld
lik e to d i s c u s s t h is m a t t e r fu r th e r w ith y o u . W e 'r e lo o k in g f o r ­
w a r d to y o u r v i s i t .
My b e st p e r so n a l r e g a r d s.
S in c e r e ly y o u r s,

V . K. R ow e
B io c h e m i c a l R e s e a r c h L a b o r a t o r y
1803 B u ild in g
ks
cc:

C orresp on d en ce
--.V". K. R o w e (2)

■ ¡ijra.TBjiarint»

3??

MOYER FILE MEMORANDUM
TO: RICHARD SCHULER
FROM: JOHN BETTS
SUBJECT: REVIEW OF EXHIBITS AND PRODUCTION DOCUMENTS FROM KEISTER
v. DOW IN MARK KRESSENBERG'S OFFICES (JONES & GRANGER LAW FIRM)
IN HOUSTON, TEXAS (NOVEMBER 18 - 20, 1991)
DATE: NOVEMBER 28, 1991
This
litigation
involved
the
tracking
down of
the
corporations responsible for the worst dioxin disaster in the
United
States.
Dow
Chemical,
along with Vertac
and
its
Jacksonville, Arkansas predecessor Hercules Powder Company, were
named in a lawsuit filed by 183 former workers at the chemical
plant and their families. The suit was styled Keister v. Dow and
maintained that Dow Chemical, through its ongoing supply of
herbicides
to
Vertac,
with
the
full
knowledge
of their
potentially detrimental effects, shared the guilt for health
problems that the workers had suffered.
Back in 1965, at a secret meeting called by Dow Chemical at
its Michigan headquarters, Hercules, Diamond Shamrock, and Hooker
Chemical met to determine how to handle the mounting adverse
health effects caused by the dioxin present in their 2,4,5-T
products. The greater problem for these chemical companies was
in deciding where they could dump these highly concentrated
dioxin wastes being created at several tons per week at each
production facility. They decided to place these wastes in 55
gallon drums at the Hercules Jacksonville plant by burying the
dioxin-filled drums in unlined pits at the plant site or carting
them off to a nearby city dump, where unwitting residents
sometimes bought the "used" 55-gallon drums from the dump's
manager to burn trash in. Some of the Agent Orange waste was
simply
hosed
into
Rocky
Branch
Creek which
ran
into
a
neighborhood to the south.
In the years to come,
this process became the worst
hazardous waste situation known in the U.S., more serious than
Love Canal, N.Y. and Times Beach, Missouri. Babies were dying and
adults
were
succumbing
to
sudden
disease
in the three
neighborhoods
that
bordered
these
sites
in
Jacksonville,
Arkansas. This litigation led to the discovery of gross neglect
and mismanagement by federal and state governments and the hidden
involvement
of
multinational
corporations
and
foreign
entanglements. Once loyal plant workers and chemists who had
aided their companies in these coverups, were now coming forward
and testifying to everything that had happened over the years.
In the neighborhood bordering the Jacksonville facility,
residents were saying to visitors, "welcome to cancer alley."
Jack Park, a 23-year resident of this neighborhood and head of
the Herecules chemical laboratory testified that bulk chemicals
of the agent orange herbicides were brought in by the train
carload from Dow Chemical and also Hooker Chemical (the company

responsible for Love Canal). Park, who was tested
as having the
highest levels of chemicals in his blood, had tried to get a
court
order
to
do
a door-to-door
evaluation of
all
the
neighborhood residents. Ke pointed to spots in his driveway where
hydrochloric acid had eaten away the cement from contaminated
rain water. Park said the plant used a pound of hydrochloric acid
for every pound of herbicide produced. He pointed out grape
plants gnarled and twisted with mutation, and told of his nextdoor neighbor who was dying of liver cancer.
A 71 year-old resident who had lived two blocks from the
plant since 194 6 conducted her own survey within a four block
radius of her home and discovered from her list of 50 deaths in
recent years, most of them had been cancer victims. Another 17 of
her neighbors were undergoing chemotherapy and other cancer
treatment programs for various forms of cancer. Since no state or
federal agency would agree to conduct an official study of the
area's cancer rate, local residents were the only monitors.
Hazardous-chemicals expert Dr. Samuel Epstein testified "the
only real way to cope with this issue is to have a high-level
congressional inquiry that would investigate not only the role of
the chemical industry, but also the EPA, the state and the
industry's consultants."
Hercules Inc., who had manufactured 25% of the Agent Orange
used to defoliate the Vietnamese jungles, was being sued by
Vertac Chemical who had run the plant for the last 16 years. Then
in an attempt to duck its legal obligations, Vertac suddenly
transferred (in 1987) its assets into a series of newly formed
corporations and left Arkansas. This is where Dow Chemical
entered the picture. Headquartered in Midland, Michigan, with
50,000 employees worldwide, the multinational had for years been
both Hercules' and Vertac's main supplier of chemicals, many of
which were at one time sold under the Dow label, but manufactured
at the Jacksonville plant site. When Vertac pulled out of
Arkansas and tried to hide its holdings, Dow counter-sued Vertac
for millions in default damages on chemicals they had delivered
to Vertac for the continued manufacture of their products. It
turns out that Dow, who made $11 billion in global revenues in
1987, was tied in behind the scenes with several jointly-owned
chemical companies worldwide, with most of their assets hidden
in Swiss holding company accounts. Vertac was an acronym for the
names of four chemical companies that had merged in 197 6, but
initially set up by former executives of Union Carbide. Majority
ownership was traced to a wealthy Italian named Vittorio de Nora
who made his home in Geneva, Switzerland and had made his fortune
in the electrochemical segment of the industry. At a Milan-based
company he had established more than 50 years ago, de Nora had
pioneered a process used in making chlorine, the basic building
block of chlorohydrocarbon herbicides that had been developed by
Dow
Chemical.
To
protect
themselves
from possible
patent
lawsuits, de Nora set up companies all over the world that could
be financially isolated and sat on most of their board of
directors. Executives moved back and forth between these major
companies held by de Nora including the "big five" in the U.S.
which
are
Dow,
Monsanto,
Diamond
Shamrock,
Uniroyal,
and

Thompson-Hayward Chemical. Anytime decisions had to be made in
the U.S. , it was Dow Chemical who called the shots. The major
Japanese chemical interests also entered the picture, but this
just goes on and on.
When 2,4,5-T herbicides were banned in April of 1970 for
most domestic uses and finally banned completely in 1979, Dow
simply changed labels and registration certificates and continued
to sell the banned products as hidden "inerts" in other companies
herbicide products. They also created a new Agent Orange under
the label of Esteron 245C herbicide and sold it through their
Mexico City facilities to third world countries, who in turn
spray these banned chemicals on agriculture products that are
sold in most U.S. markets. For a few more years, up until late
1983, Dow slipped their Agent Orange product out under the
Esteron
245BE
label.
Due
to
an
accidentally
discovered
contaminant batch of this label by a curious midwest distributor,
Dow at first tried to hide it from the newly reorganized EPA
administrators, and finally had to cease production under the
Esteron 245BE label and go to the exported Esteron 245C label.
The documents and exhibits I was able to locate came from 26
"banker file boxes" that were selected by Mark Kressenberg from a
warehouse load of total boxes, some in Arkansas, some in Memphis,
Tennessee, and the rest in Houston. There were still several key
exhibits he wanted me to look at, but the EPA has had custody of
many of the boxes while doing their own investigation on Dow
Chemical for several months now.
The key exhibits I copied included the original patents for
2,4,5-T by Dow; the actual production formulas used by Hercules
and Vertac at the Jacksonville plant and sold under the Dow
Label; the minutes of the famous "1965 Country Club Secret
Meeting" called by Dow at
their Midland headquarters to decide
how to deal with the dioxin problem; key Agent Orange litigation
documents including experts testimony, the Plaintiff's Memorandum
on Causation, and many excellent research papers connecting the
role of 2,3,7,8-TCDD with various disease processes including
various forms of cancer. Also included are several years of memos
and letters between the chemical companies, mostly Dow, trying to
decide how to handle their dioxin problem without having it
exposed to the media, the public or the EPA. See the attached
exhibit list to this memorandum for all the documents I obtained.

high;
Regards
dioxin as weakly
carcinogenic, weakly mutagenic, very
fetotoxic and teratogenic, that is
with experimental animals;
Frawley will testify to his knowledge of the extreme toxicity
of dioxin, his knowledge of the
relationship
between
the
manufacturers and the government,
and
that
Hercules
itself sold
2,4,5-T to the military in 1965 that
contained
an
average of 3 ppm
dioxin;
his
knowledge
of
propensities of dioxin to inflict
harm long prior to the March 24,
1965 meeting between manufacturers,
and
the
fact
that no one at
Hercules, to his knowledge, informed
the government of the risk involved.
Harold Gill

Manager,
Operations,
Analytical
Laboratory,
Dow Chemical, Midland,
Ml; will testify concerning fact
that he was advised in approximately
August,
1964
that
dioxin
was
contained in the was stream of TCP
manufacturing process at Dow and in
the Butyl esters of 2,4,5-T;
He
developed Dow's analytical method
dated
12/22/64,
for determining
presence
of
dioxin
in caustic
insoluble
of
waste
stream
of
process.
Estimated time plaintiffs'
examination
less
than 1/2 day;
defendants'
exmination unknown, but
estimated at one hour or less.

Richard Hickman

Route 4, No. 10 Yocum Road, Rogers,
Arkansas,
Dow's
former government
sales manager, deposed 12/1/83, who,
between 1963 and 1970 had eight men
contacting government selling Dow's
products
will
offer
testimony
concerning Dow's marketing efforts
to
sell
herbicides
to
the
government, his knowledge of dioxin,
failure to warn the government; the
Dow
sales process and bids for
government
business;
pricing
procedure;
Transcript of deposition
p5-8,111-25,p9l13-25,p10,111-2,p11,1
114-25,p1-13,p13,112-4,pll8-25,pp1521 ,111-25,p22,111-15,&23-25,p23,11-2
5,P24,111-3,25,1121-25,pp26-64,111-2

.

V. A. 24

3*

5,p65,ll1-22,p68,ll16-25,p69,ll1-6,p
70,11.
Benjamin B. Holder

5203
Bloomfield
St.,
Midland,
Michigan; Dow’s Medical Director; to
testify as to knowledge of chloracne
incidents at Dow before, during and
after
1964;
contentions
re;
notification
of
"appropriate"
governmental officials; his opinion
that there has not been demonstrated
a
"no minimum effect
level"
in
dioxin
exposure,
and,
adversely
under cross, on causation theories;
failure
to
warn;
knowledge of
toxicity of TCDD.

Harry Holland

1604
Angus
Court,
Crafoward,
Maryland;
Friend of Lambiotte's;
health
and
damages
witness;
testimony 1 hour total.

F. Gerard & Vada Hukill

220
W. Tyler, Magnum,
OK,73554;
Danny Jordan's in-laws, will testify
as to effect of Dan's injuries and
those of his children; approximate
total testimony 2 hours.

John Jennings

Apt.B,
12
Lansdowne
Avenue,
Lansdowne, Pa.,High School friend of
George Ewalt who was in Vietnam at
same time and knows his medical
problems will testify to exposure on
damages
issues;
total testimony 1
1/2 hours.

Lynne Keller

208 Brasewood,
Austin,
Tx 78704;
Friend of Danny Jordan's who will
testify
to
health
and damages
issues;
total length of testimony 1
1/2 hours.

Van A. Kelly

Attempting
to
locate,
in
Philadelphia, Pa., was with Ewalt in
Vietnam
will
testify concerning
exposure and damage
issues; total
estimated
length of testimony 2
hours.

Eugene R. Kenaga
Dow

employee

re

1281 N. Wagner Road,
Essexville,
Michigan;
environmental
persistence,
toxicity;
knowledge of dioxin and herbicides
in the environment; failure to warn;

V. A. 25

as
Director of Laboratories and
Licensing;
Ph. D.
in chemistry;
Director of Development from 1964
through mid-'70s. Will testify to
his knowledge of 2,4,5-T and that it
contained dioxin. Claims to have no
knowledge
of cooperation between
Hercules
and Dow re testing of
dioxin;
Examination by plaintiff,
less than 1/2 day; examination by
defendants brief, perhaps less that
1 hour.
Taves, Milton Arthur

210
N. Spring Road, Wilmington,
Delaware; Personal services contract
with Hercules; Organic chemist, Ph.
D.; research manager of synthetics
research
division for 16 years,
beginning in 1964; The question of
detecting and measuring the amount
of dioxin in 2,4,5-T first came to
his attention in March, 1965. He
directed the work of John Ford.
Never
communicated
with
other
companies or with the government
regarding the dioxin contamination
problem; will testify as to keeping
the government ignorant of their own
testing inadequacies which was to
advantage

of

H e rcu le s;

knew

that

government did not know of dioxin
and
avoided
telling
them;
Plaintiffs'
examination
approximately
1 hour;
defendants
examination estimated at 1/2 hour or
less.
Treisback, Arthur L.

Leng, Marguerite

2502
Landon
Drive,
Chalfonte,
Wilmington, Delaware; Deposition not
yet completed and transcript not yet
received.
, Jacksonville,
Arkansas
Plant Manager for Hercules 1968-72;
Chemical
engineer;
Testimony
concerning Hercules' manufacture of
2,4,5-T,
Agent
Orange,
phenoxy
herbicides, generally concerning his
knowledge of dioxin,
toxicity and
health
hazards;
detection
and
reduction
methods;
sales to the
government.

1/14 Sylvan Lane, Midland, Michigan:
Research Associate,
Dow Chemical;
Will
testify
concerning
the

3*
V. A. 29

registration process and department
at Dow; her responsibilities working
with Donald D. McCollister, and what
information the Company did and did
not afford
the Federal Government
concerning
the
toxicity
of
herbicides and dioxin; Reference her
deposition;
stated in one document
that
"our
not
informing
the
government
is what got us into all
this trouble in the first place."
Total length of testimony less than

1/2 day.
Silvers tein, Larry

5409
Mason
Street,
Midland,
Michigan:
Employed by Dow in the
capacity of an Industrial Hygienist
from 1955 to 1979, when he left to
become the Manager of Industrial
Hygiene for Dow Corning Corporation;
was an Industrial Hygienist that
attended
a
great many "Exciter
problem" meetings at Dow referrable
to the dioxin contamination of the
199
building
and
the
dioxin
contamination of 2,4,5-T and Agent
Orange; Was the author of numerous
documents
identified as exhibits
including minutes of the March 24th,
1965 meeting at Dow among Industry
representatives
at
which
the
toxicity of dioxin was discussed, a
document
entitled
"Hazards
of
Monsanto
T-acid"
and
others;
plaintiffs believe Mr. Silverstein
should be ordered produced as an
employee
in view of the substantial
control and connection maintained
over him by Dow as an owner of the
Dow Corning Company,
by whom Mr.
Silverstein .claims to be employed.
Has substantial factual knowledge of
the events of 1964,65 and beyond
relative to health problems,
the
actions of the co-workers at Dow,
and
claimed
contacts
with
governmental
"authorities"
in the
form of State of Michigan officials,
and alleged attendees
at medical
conferences
at the University of
Michigan
from time to time. Total
length of testimony 1/2 day.

V. A. 30

3 ^

Donald McCollister

5522
Whitehall
Street, Midland,
Michigan; now Director International
Regulatory
Affairs,
Health
and
Environmental
Sciences
for
Dow
Chemical Company; has been employed
by Dow since 1942 when he was hired
as an organic chemist and was part
of
the
Toxicology
Research
Laboratory until 1967 and thereafter
dealt
in the registration process
with
respect
to
the
relevent
herbicides;
was
the
immediate
supervisor of Ms. Marguerite Leng;
has
expertise
in toxicology of
herbicides and facts concerning what
information was given to the United
States Government from time to time;
expected
length
of
plaintiffs'
examination
is less than one half
day
and
expected
length
of
defendants'
examination less than
one quarter day.

V

A. 31

0><z1

DONALD HORNIG

16 LONGFELLOW PARK, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Special Assistant to the President
for
Science
and Technology and
Director of the Office of Science
and
Technology in the Executive
Office.
Also Chairman of Federal
Counsel for Science and Technology
and Chairman of PSAC (1964-69).
Did
not understand health hazards of
dioxin
in
the
mid-60's.
Not
generally discussed.
Whether this
witness
is produced live or through
deposition excerpts awaits ruling of
Court.

PAUL DOTY

4 KIRKLAND DRIVE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
Assigned to PSAC's Pesticide Panel
and Chaired the Civil Defense Panel.
From 1965 to 1970, was a consultant
for arms control and disarmament to
the
National
Security
Counsel.
Whether this witness
is produced
live or through deposition excerpts
awaits ruling of Court.

MELVIN CALVIN

2683
BUENA
CALIF.

VISTA

WAY,

BERKELEY

Dow Chemical company Director who
learned of dioxin in 1964 or 1965 at
a Board of Directors' meeting.
The
subject was never discussed at PSAC,
however.
Whether this witness is
produced live or through deposition
excerpts awaits ruling of Court.
FRED FALANA

Address to come;
as a member of
Danny Ford's unit, Fred Falana will
testify to the various
locations
which
their unit was assigned,
including recently defoliated areas
traveled to by vehicle and often by
foot,
as well as the conditions of
their
unit in
these
various
locations in Vietnam.
Less than 1/2
day total testimony.

CAPT. FARMER

Address to come;
Captain Farmer
will
testify to
the
assigned
locations
of Danny Ford's unit,
including
the
defoliated
areas

V. A. 33

Plaintiffs
be
with

respectfully submit the following list of witnesses to

presented

for

paragraph

the

use of deposition testimony in conformity

IV(E)(2)

of the Magistrate's Pre-trial Order No.

1 7.

Graydon Holdeman

2006 Manor Drive, Midland, Michigan;
retired employee,
receives pension
from Dow;
last employed Feb. 28,
1977;
plaintiffs' reserve the right
to demand the production of this
witness at trial; relevant testimony
concerns
the development of the
product
specifications
for
the
herbicides by Holdeman at Dow, the
similarity
between the so-called
government specifications, the fact
that industry actually developed the
specifications
for
the
basic
herbicides;
in
the
event
the
testimony
is
presented
by
deposition,
transcript of Nov.30,
1983,
p5,1114-25,pp6-37,111-25,p38,111-8,p
39,1119-25,p40,118-22,p41,112-25;p42
,111-1-22;P43,114-25;p44,111-9&22-23
;pp45-54,111-25;p55,1118-25;pp56-62,
111-25;p63,ll1-15;p64,ll8-25;pp65-86
,111-25;p88,l121-25;p89,ll1-3;p90,11
13-24;p92-ll3-25;p93ll1-4,10-25;p94,
111-25 ;p95 ,111 —25 ;p96,15c1 9—25 ;p97,11
1-15;P98,113-25;pp99-109,111-25 ;pi 10
,111-24;p 112,119-25;pp113-156,111-25
(objections to be ruled upon).

Lawrence Eugene Dotson

c/o Foote Mineral Company,
Kings
Mountain,
North Carolina (residence
address
not
available
through
transcript);
Lawrence Dotson was
the Technical
Services Engineer at Nitro from 1961
through 1965, and was the Production
Supervisor, supervising the 2,4,5- T
plant from 1965 through 1967.
He
was
employed by Monsanto from 1958
through 1969.
During
the
time
that
he
Production
Supervisor,
h
responsible for production yi*

V. B. 1

Never heard of anyone in Monsanto
ever informing the Govt, up until
1970 of the potential hazards of
2.4.5- T.
He proposed a program in 1965 to
reduce
the amount of dioxin in
2.4.5- T
and this was tested
in
January of 1969.
Dioxin is extremely toxic and he has
felt that way since he first heard
of dioxin.
He wrote to certain
personnel that dioxin was highly
toxic, advised people to use extreme
caution in handling it.
Attended a meeting at Dow with Elmer
Wheeler and John Mason in 1970. The
meeting was concerned with dioxin
and potential risk associated with
dioxin and Dow's desire to have an
industry
effort
to
study
the
program.
At a meeting in January of 1969
Udell acknowledgd that if you made
the product safer and reduced the
dioxin
it would take longer to
produce and Monsanto would get less
of it.
He said that the decreased
production is the price that must be
paid
for
the
decreased dioxin
conentration.
Transcript
of
May
4,
1983;
p 6 ,1113-25;p7,111 3-17;p8,114-18;pi 0,
Il2-20;p13,l 13-25;p14,115-1 46c22-25;p
17,1115-25;p18,111-13;&21-25;p19,111
1 -25;p20,ll1-22;p22,ll1-19;p23,U182 5 ;p24,111 —5 ;p25,111 9-25;p26,111-2&1
5-25 ;p27,l15-25;p28;p29,111-8;p32,ll
16-25;p33,111-7;p34,ll18-24;p35,ll13
-24;P36,111 5-25;p37;P38,111-18;p39,l
111- 25 ;p40,111-4&8-11 ;p41 ,111 02-5;p4
2.111- 19;p 4 3 ,111 3-25 ;P44,111-15&19-2
1 ;p45,ll21-25;p46,H1 -8 ;P46 ,111 8-25 ;
p47 ;p48,111 - 6&1 3-1 76c22-25;pp49-50;p5
1.111- 3&7-14&16-25;p52,111-10;p52,12
5 ;p53 ,111 —22 ;p55, 111 8 — 23Sc25 ;p58 ,111 —
3&5-1 9;p60,114-9&1 9-25 ;p61, 111 -36c202 5;p 6 2,111-6;p65,ll12-25;p66,111-7,p
67,116-23;p68,112-25;p69,1117-23;p70
,1114-20;P 71,1113-19;p 72,113-6;p72,1
112- 25 ;p73,111-8&22-23;p74,1119-25;p
76,111 5-25;p77,111-12;P78,119-11&222 5 ;p79,111 -5 ;p84,111 0-1 56c19-25;p85,l
15-18;p89,1124-25;p90,111-16;p92,117
-25 ;p93,111 -1 26c18-25; p94,l 13-10 ;p95,

V. B. 14

Ill 3 — 18;p97,ll10 —2 5 ;p98,111-7&19-25;
p9 9 ,111 —2&20 — 2 3 ;p10 0 ;pl01,111-15;p10
3,113-6&12-25;pp104-106;p107,111-5;p
108,119-10&18-22 ;P109,111-21 ;p110,11
4-15;p112,111-4&7;p114,112-3&6-10 ;p1
15 ,111 1-1 3&1 6 ;pi 16, H9-25;p117;p118,
113-7;p119;p120,111-5 ;p122,1113-19;p
128,1114-24;P 129,1113-28;p130,1114-2
2 ;p124,111 6 —24;p135,112 —6;p137,111 2 —
15 ;p144,125;p145,111-23;p146,1120-25
;pi 47,112-16;pi 50,113-23;p156,111-16
&20 ;p158,111 5 —2 0 ;p165,112 —16 ;p167,11
14-21 ;P174,111 8-24;p1 78,1110-22;pi 85
,113-13&19-25;p186,112-12;p187,111925;p188,ll2-8;p202,ll20-25;p203,ll19;p204,116-25;p205,Il1-10;p206,ll2425;p207,111 —4;p209,117 — 12;p210,111-6
Charles P. Zorsch

Route5 Box 30, Pacific, Missouri
Born - April 20,1910
Employed by Monsanto for 21 years
1950-1971.
He receives $288/month
as a lifetime pension from Monsanto.
He
was
Assistant
Manager
of
Pesticides froml950-1960.
Manager
of
Formulated
Pesticides Sales,
including 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D from
1960 - 1963.
From 1963-1970 he was the Product
Supervisor,
Agricultural Division.
He was supervisor of 2,4,5-T and
2,4-D sales.
Never heard of chloracne problems at
Nitro until latter 1960's. But never
asked anyone either what happened at
Nitro in 1948 or what the causes of
the worker health problems were.
Never knew what chloracne was at
Monsanto for 20 years.
It was Quality Control's obligation
to inform a customer if any product
that
was
sold
contained
a
contaminant.
Cecil Russell was his superior.
Dr.
Hoffman
was
the Manager of the
Divis ion.
The sole products he was resonsibile
for as product supervisor from 1963
to 1970 were 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D.
Quality Control was responsible for
the quality of the product.
New Agent Orange as being used in
Vietnam and assumed U.S. Govt, was

V. B. 15
2>V

employee;
He also wanted to sell
Tordon as opposed to Agent Orange
for the reason that Tordon was a
patented
Dow product;
Deposition
transcript of Novwember 16, 1983;
p.5,111—2&15 — 17;p.6,116 — 11 ;p.10,1120
-25;p.11,111-25;p.12,1121-24;p.17,11
1 9-25;p.18,111-25;p.19-111-4;p.20,11
10-25;p.21,111 —5&8 — 19&22 — 2 5 ;p.22,111
-15418-25;p.23,111-7410-13; p.24,1169411-14423-25;p.25,111-1 1415-25;p.26
,111-25;p.27,111-446-8415-25 ;p.28,11
13-24;p.29,111-7410-16418-20422-24;p
.30,111-64 8-18,20425 ;p .31 ,111-11 ;p. 3
2,1121 —2 5 ;p.33,111-243-648-12419-214
23-25;p.34,111-5410-14425;p .35,111-2
45-749-10412-13416-17420-21;p.37,111
5-1 8&20&21-15;p-38,111-8&11-13416417
41 9-20;p.39,1124-25;p.40,11143-749;p
.42,116-9&11-15417-20422;p.46,1122-2
4;p.47,111— 9&12 — 15&18 — 2 5 ;p.48,111 —8&
10-19421 -24 ;p. 49,111 —46c6 — 13416-19422
-24;p.50,111-2;p.53,1111-12417-20423
-25;p.54,111 -3&6-13;p.55,115-7410-16
&17-18423-25;p.56,11 ;p .62,1124-25;p .
63,111-11417-19422-24;p.64,111-445-9
411-12.
Ray D. Holmes

11021
Abbot
Avenue,
Sun City,
Arizona:
Supervisor of Building 199
at Dow Chemical, Midland Michigan,
from approximately
1938 to 1965,
which
manufactured
sodium
trichlorophenate,
a
precursor
chemical to 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol;
he will testify as to the process
used
at
Dow
for manufacturing
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol,and
to
the
certain manufacturing changes which
took
place at the Dow Chemical
Company with regard to the TCP it
produced;
the changes increased the
temperature
and pressure of the
reaction and, as a result, increased
the amount of diosin in the waste
stream
and in the end product;
Holmes will testify that he and
others
in
the
199
building
contracted
chloracne and to the
steps
that were taken to sanitize
the building after the contamination
was discovered
in 1964;
excerpts
from the deposition of March 23,

V. B. 31

3 ^

producing Orange and says perhaps he
did see documents which indicated
that,
Russell
was
"possibly"
involved
in
writing
the
specifications.
Acknowledges that
Russell
"perhaps he could have"
indicated to him that Russell was so
involved.
Does not remember when he
approved
the specifications whether
he
compared
the
Government
specifications
and
the Monsanto
specifications.
Doesn't recall
whether the specifications call for
production of dioxin.
If he knew
that following specifications would
have
produced
an acutely toxic
by-product, the production would not
have been approved.
Transcript of January 20, 1984:
p.49 L. 6-25; p.46 L. 1-8; p.52 L.
22-25;
p .53 L. 1-16; p.54 L. 7-20;
p .57 L. 3-25; p.58 L. 1-15; p.59 L.
12-25;
p .60 L.
1-25; p.61 L. 1-2;
p .61 L. 21-25; p.62 L. 1-5; p.63 L.
12-25;
p .64 L. 1-25; p.65 L. 1-25;
p .66 L. 1-23; p.67 L. 6-25; p.68 L.
1-25;
p .69 L.
1-25; p.70 L. 1-24;
p .72 L. 13-25; p.73 L. 1-25; p.74 L.
1-25;
p .75 L.
1-25; p.76 L. 1-25;
p .77 L. 21-25; p.78 L. 1-25; p.79 L.
1-4; p .81 L.
15-25; p.82 L. 2-25;
p .83 L.
1-25; p.84 L 1-24; p.86 L.
1-25;
p .87 L.
1-25; p.88 L. 1-25;
p .99 L. 9-18; p .101 L. 2-22; p.103
L.
19-25;
p.104 L. 1-25; p.105 L.
1- 8 .
Warren Crummett (D)

808
Crescent
Drive,
Midland,
Michigan;
Dow scientist;
evidence
concerning
Dow liability issues.
Time
constraints
have
made
it
impossible
to
abstract
the
deposition of Mr. Crummett; Leave is
asked to include excerpts in amended
Pretrial Order.

William F. Falsey (D)

6706
Lakeview Drive,
Lake City,
Michigan; Time constraints have made
it
impossible
to
abstract the
deposition of Mr. Falsey; Leave is
asked to include excerpts in amended
Pretrial Order.

George C. Kempson

143

South

V. B. 40

Gore,

Webster

Groves,

2fi3

work for our department." Job was to
try
to
develop
new
areas of
government business,
and did so.
Aware
of
the
manufacture
and
development of 2,4,5-T. Involved in
testing of 2,4,5-T for brush control
purposes.
Claims not to have been
aware
of
dioxin,
and attended
meetings
with
government
representatives
during
relevant
periods;
Traveled to Washington,
D.C.,
Edgewood Arsenal and Saigon
regarding
government's
use
of
defoliants,
and recommended use of
Tordon to U.S.; Believed Tordon less
toxic than 2,4,5-T; Never told any
government
employee about health
problems among workers at Dow in the
2,4,5-T plant;
Excerpts of the
transcript of December 13,
1983,
include
p.
12,LL2-16;
p .13,
LL8-15 & 21-25;p.14,LL1-3;p.
15,
LL6-10;p . 16,LL13-16;p .17, LL21-15;
p .18,LL1-17;p .20,
LL4-22,
p. 5,
LL.5-25;
p.22,
LL.1-25;
p. 23,
LL1-25;
p. 24,LL1-25; p.25, LL1-25;
p.26,
LL1-26;p.27,
LL1-25;
p.28,
LL1-25;
p. 29,LL 1-25; p.30,LL1-25;
p .31,
LL1-21 ;p .33 , LL9-25;
p.34,
LL1-4;p .35, LL20-25; p.36, LL1-5.
William Ralph Nummy

711 West Meadowbrook Drive, Midland,
Michigan;
former employee of Dow,
now works
for a company known as
Doan Resources
Company; worked for
Dow Chemical for over 30 years,
leaving as Vice-President of Merrell
Dow
Laboratories
in Cincinnati;
Excerpts
from the deposition of
October 28,
1983 that may be used
include;
p.7,
LL8-22;p.8,
LL2-13&19-25;p.,9,LL 1-25;
p.
10,
LL1 -2 ;p .1 1 ,
LL4 —166c24-25 ;p -15 ,
LL8-21; p.
16,
LL 13-25;
p. 17,
LL1-1-8&14-25; p. 18, LL1-25; p. 19,
LL 1-15;
p.27, LL5-25;
p.28,
LL
1-25;
p. 29,
LL 1-8&17-21; p.30,
LL1-11;
p .33, LL9-11&21;
p.34 LL
9 —13&17—18; p. 44, LL10-23; p. 45,
LL11-14,
16-19;
p. 46, LL24-25; p.
47,LL1-24; p. 48, LL 1-15, 25; p.49,
LL 1-25; p. 50, LL 1-12 & 16-25; p.
51,
LL 1-10 & 13,24,25; p. 52,LL
1-14;
p. 53, LL 25; p. 54, LL5-6 Sc

V. B. 44

39/

56, all; p 57, all; p 58, all; p 59,
all;
p 60, L 1-16; p 61, L 5-8; 63,
L 12-25;
p 64,
L 1-22; p 65,_L
15-25; p67,
L 23-4; p 68,
L 1-2,
24-25; p69,
all; p 70, L
1-11 ; p
81,
L 9-17; p 132, L 8-24; p 134, L
1-25;
p 135, L 1-25; p 136, all; p
137, all; p 138, all; p 139, L 1-15.
Melvin Calvin

2683 Buena Vista Way, Berkeley, CA.
Deposed on November 9,
1983, and
December 2,
1983.
A Nobel Prize
winning
chemist who was both a
member of PSAC from 1963-66, and a
member
of
the
Dow Board of
Directors from 1964-75.
As a member
of the Dow Board he was informed in
1964-65 that dioxin was in the Dow
2,4,5-T.
However,
never revealed
this
information to PSAC since he
was never asked.
P 25,
L 3-25; p
28,
L 16-25; p 29, L 1-25; p 30, L
1-22;
p 38, L 7-25; p 39, L all; p
40,
all;
p 45,
L 6-25; p 46, L
20-25; p 47, L 1-7; p 49, L 18-25; p
50,
all; p 51, all; p 52-54, all; p
55,
L 1-20; p 67, all; p 68, L 1-9;
p 84, L 10-25; p 85, L 1-16; p 89, L
9-20;
p 93, L 10-13, 19-25; p 98, L
14-22; p 99, L 21-25; p 100, L 2-22;
p 101,
L 8-11;
p 118, L 17-25; p
L 3-25; p 122, L 18-22; P 128,
119,
L 16 -22; p130, L 8- 19, 25; p 131 , L
1 -16,
19-25; p 133, L 18-21, 23 -25;
P 134 , L 18-25; P 135, L 1-5; P 143,
L 15 -25; p 168, L
L 2- 7; p 164,
19 -25 ; p 169, all; P 170, L 1 -2; P
173, L 9-25.

°Treating Physicians of Plaintiffs:
Dr. Gianferro

Treating phys ician for George Ewalt

Dr. El Child

Treating physician for George Ewalt

Dr. George Wilson

It It tt

Dr. Joan Hurlock

It

Dr. Salkind

tl

V. B. 51

TABLE W
L o c a t i o n s o f M a jo r P r o d u c e r s o f
C hlorophenols and T h e ir D e r iv a t iv e s

CHEMICAL

PRODUCER

2 ,4 -D a c i d and e s t e r s
;

2 , k , 5-T

~
~

A leo Cheto. C o r p . , P h i l a d e l p h i a , PA^
•Amvao-Chem. C o r p . , L os A n g e l e s , CA
Cbempar, P o r t l a n d , OR
^Diamond S ham rock C o r p . , T u s c a l o o s a , AL
C l e v e l a n d , OH
•Dow C h e m ic a l, U . S . A . , M i d l a n d , MI
F a l le k - L a n ie r o C o r p . , T u s c a l o o s a , AL
GAF, L i n d e n , NJ
•G u th C o r p . , : H i l l s i d e , IL
H e r c u l e s , I n e . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
I m p e r i a l , I n c . , S h e n a n d o a h , IA
M i l l e r C hem ., V h i t e f o r d , MD
M o n s a n to , C o ., S a u g e t , IL
N o r th A m e ric a n P h i l l i p s C o r p . , K a n s a s C i t y , ICS
\ / •P B I-G o rd o n C o r p . , K a n sa s C i t y , KS
R h o d ia , I n e . , P o r t l a n d , OR
S t . P a u l , MN
S t . J o s e p h , MO
• R h o n e - P o u l e n c , I n e . , P o r t l a n d , OR
• R i v e r d a l e Cheto. C o . , C h ic a g o H e i g h t s , IL
Rorer-Am chem , F r e m o n t , CA
S t . J o s e p h , MO
Thompson C h e m ic a l, S t . L o u i s , MO
U nion C a r b i d e C o r p . , A m b le r, PA
• V e l s i c o l Chem. C o r p . , B eaum ont, TX
B a y p o r t , TX
V e r t a c , I n e . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
Woodbury, O r l a n d o , FL
Cbempar, P o r t l a n d , OR
Diamond S h a m ro c k , C l e v e l a n d , OH
•Dow C hem ., U . S . A . , M i d l a n d , MI
H o f f m a n - T a f t , I n e . , S p r i n g f i e l d , MO
M onsanto C o . , S a u g e t , IL
N o r th A m e ric a n P h i l l i p s C o r p . , K a n s a s C i t y , KS
P B I-G o rd o n C o r p . , K a n s a s C i t y , KS
R b o d ia I n e . , P o r t l a n d , OR
S t . J o s e p h , MO
• R i v e r d a l e Chem. C o ., C h ic a g o H e i g h t s , IL
Rorer-Am chem , A m b ler, PA
F r e m o n t , CA
S t . J o s e p h , MO
J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR

H-9
■zv*

A
TABLE 4 - 2 ( c o n t . )

CHEMICAL

2 .4 ,.5 - T

;

PRODUCER

(c o n t.)

-

2 ,4 ,5 -T d e r iv a tiv e s
S llv e x e s t e r s and s a l t s

Rönnet
E rb o n
Hexachlorophene

Thompson Chem., S t . L o u i s , MO
U nion C a r b i d e C o r p ., F r e o o n t , CA
S t . J o s e p h , MO
A m b ler, PA
V e r t a c , I n c . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
•Dow Chem. U . S . A . , M id l a n d , MI
H e r c u l e s , I n c . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
N o r th A m e ric an P h i l l i p s C o r p . , K a n s a s C i t y , KS
• R i v e r d a l e C hea. C o ., C h ic a g o H t s . , H
V e r t a c , I n c . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
•Dow Chem. Ü . S .A ., M i d l a n d , MI
•Dow Chem. U . S .A ., M i d l a n d , MI
G lv a u d a n C o r p . , C l i f t o n , RJ

2 ,4 ,5 - T C P an d s a l t s

Diamond Sham rock C o r p . , C l e v e l a n d , OH
Dow C h e m ic a l, U . S . A . , M i d l a n d , MI
GAF C o r p . , L i n d e n , NJ
H e r c u l e s , I n c . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR
H ooker Chem ., N i a g a r a F a l l s , NY
Merck and C o ., I n c . , Rahway, NJ
R a lc o Chem. C o ., C h i c a g o , 31
N o r t h E a s t e r n P h a r m a c e u t i c a l s , V e r o n a , MO
R o b e r t s Chem ., I n c . , N i t r o , WV
R h o d ia , I n c . , Monmouth J u n c t i o n , NJ
V e r t a c , I n c . , J a c k s o n v i l l e , AR

2 , 3»4 , 6 - te t r a c h lo r o p h e n o l

*Dow Chem. U . S . A . , M i d l a n d , MI
S a n f o r d Chem., P o r t N e c h e s , TX

PCP a n d s a l t s

J . H . B a x t e r and C o ., S a n M a te o , CA
Dow Chem. U . S . A . , M i d l a n d , ML
ICC I n d u s t r i e s , I n c . , D o v e r , OH
M o n san to C o . , S a u g e t , IL
R a lc o Chem. C o ., C h i c a g o , IL
• R e i c h h o l d Chem., I n c . , Tacom a, WA
S a n f o r d Chem., P o r t N e c h e s , TX
•V u lc a n M a t e r i a l s C o . , W i c h i t a , KS

^ S o u r c e s : E s p o s i t o e t a l . , 1980; S R I, 1982; U . S . I . T . C . , 1982
Company names i n d i c a t e d w i t h an a s t e r i s k a r e t h e m a j o r p r o d u c e r s o f c h l o r o p h e n o l s
and t h e i r d e r i v a t i v e s a t th e p r e s e n t tim e .

-

4-10

3n<t

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE NINTH
JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR ORANGE COUNTY,
CASE NO: Cl 89-8657
DIVISION: 32 PFEIFFER
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,
Plaintiffs,
vs.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
et al.,
Defendants.

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS'
REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS TO ALL DEFENDANTS
1.
If you supplied any 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Hydrothal or
Silvex to Orange County during the years 1974 through 1977, please
produce the following:
a.
All documents pertaining to your purchase of said
chemicals from the manufacturer or intermediate supplier;
b.
c.
your company;

All invoices for said chemicals;
All correspondence between the manufacturer and

d.
All documents pertaining to your sale of said
chemicals to Orange County, Florida;
e.
Any complaints received by you regarding the above
chemicals, or any documents evidencing any dissatisfaction in any
way whatsoever with the above chemicals;
f.
All documents forwarded to you by the manufacturer
regarding the above chemicals, the use of such chemicals, the
application of such chemicals, the warnings on such chemicals, or
related to any defects in such chemicals that were sent to you at
any time whatsoever and not limited to the four (4) years set
forth above ;
g.
any manuals, instruction sheets, informational
sheets, labels or other documents pertaining to the use,

application, effectiveness, instructions, or composition of said
chemicals.
ANSWER:

The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") objects to this

request on the grounds that it is overly broad, unduly burdensome
and not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of
admissible evidence to the extent that it seeks information
concerning 2,4,5-T, which plaintiff has not alleged that he was
exposed to or injured from in his complaint and to the extent it
requests information about Diquat and Hydrothal, which Dow never
manufactured.

Without waiving these objections, Dow states that

it does not have any records indicating it sold products to Orange
County during the years 1974-1977.

2.
If you are a manufacturer as opposed to a suppl
please produce the following for the years 1974 through 1977
pertaining to 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Silvex or Hydrothal:
a.
All documents pertaining to your manufacturing of
said chemicals;
ANSWER :

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it is

vague, ambiguous, irrelevant, overly broad and unduly burdensome.
b.
All invoices or documents pertaining to the sale of
said chemicals;
ANSWER :

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it is

irrelevant, ambiguous, overly broad, unduly burdensome and is not
limited to geographical location.

Without waiving this objection,

Dow refers the plaintiffs to its Response to Request No. 1.
c.
All correspondence between the supplier or your
wholesaler and your company;

- 2 -

ANSWER:

Dow sold its products to a large number of independent

wholesalers and distributors throughout the country during the
time period in question.

Therefore, Dow objects to this request

on the grounds that it is irrelevant, immaterial, overly broad and
unduly burdensome.
d.
All documents pertaining to your sale of said
chemical to your supplier or wholesaler or other entity;
ANSWER :

See response to Request 2c.

e.
Any complaints received by you regarding the abo
chemicals or any documents evidencing any dissatisfaction in any
way whatsoever with the above chemicals;
ANSWER:

See Dow's Response to Plaintiffs' Request for the

Production of Documents to Dow, Number 25.

f.
All documents forwarded by you dealing with the
application of said chemicals, the warnings on such chemicals, or
relating to any defects in such chemicals or the use of such
chemicals that were sent out at any time whatsoever and not
limited to the four years set forth above;
ANSWER:

See Dow's Response to Plaintiffs' Request for the

Production of Documents to Dow, Number 21.
g.
Any manuals, instruction sheets, informational
sheets, labels, or other documents pertaining to the use,
application, effectiveness, instructions or composition of said
chemicals.
ANSWER :

See Dow's Response to Plaintiffs' Request for the

Production of Documents to Dow, Nos. 21 and 22.

-3-

H-oo

Dated :

Uniondale, New York
May 29, 1990
Respectfully submitted,
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH, HART & KREMER

By:
EAB PlazTa
Uniondale, NY 11556-0111
(516) 357-3000
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
By: Daniel C. Johnson
1601 CNA Tower
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL- 32802
(407) 849-0300

DOWELANCO
By: David G. Wilkins
Quad Three
9001 Wessleyan Avenue
Suite 300, Third Floor
Indianapolis, IN 46268

-4-

H6{

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE 15TH
JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR PALM BEACH COUNTY.
CASE NO. CL89-97-AD

ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,
Plaintiffs,
vs.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
CHEVRON CHEMICAL COMPANY
ORTHO AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
DIVISION, AGCHEM DIVISION PENNWALT CORPORATION,
HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY
SOUTHERN MILL CREEK PRODUCTS
CO., INC., THE UPJOHN COMPANY,
ASGROW FLORIDA COMPANY, a
subsidiary of the UPJOHN COMPANY,
WOODBURY CHEMICAL COMPANY, FUTURE
HORIZONS, INC., LANDIA CHEMICAL
CO., JLB INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL,
INC., THE MONSANTO COMPANY,
DIAMOND SHAMROCK, INC.,
Defendants.

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S RESPONSE TO
PLAINTIFFS' FIRST SET OF INTERROGATORIES TO DOW
General Objections
The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") objects to each
interrogatory to the extent it seeks information regarding 2,4,5-T
since plaintiffs' complaint does not allege exposure to that
chemical.

Dow also objects to each interrogatory to the extent it

requests information relating to products which Dow never
manufactured, specifically Diquat and Hydrothal.

¿iod-

1.
Please give the name, official position, address,
duties and responsibilities, and longevity with the company of the
person or persons answering these interrogatories,
ANSWER:

David G. Wilkins
Attorney
DOWELANCO
Indianapolis, Indiana

2.
Has Dow Chemical Company ever manufactured 2,4-D,
2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Silvex or Diquat? If so, please state the
following:
ANSWER:

See General Objections.

Without waiving that objection,

Dow states that it has manufactured 2,4-D and Silvex products.
A.

Over what period of time and at what location or
locations?

Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it
is not reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence since
the manufacturing location is irrelevant and because it is not
limited to a relevant time period.

Without waiving these

objections, Dow states that it manufactured 2,4-D and Silvex
during the 1974-77 time period.

B.

Were any of these chemicals ever sold to Orange
County, Florida, and if so, please list the dates,
quantities sold, and prices of sale.

Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it
is overly broad in that it is not limited to the relevant time
period.

Without waiving this objection, Dow states that it has no

record of having sold any of the listed chemicals/products to
Orange County during the years 1974-77.
C.

If you did not sell directly to Orange County,
Florida, have you sold any one or all of these
chemicals to any retailers or wholesalers located

- 2 -

‘HoS

within the State of Florida and, if so, please list
the names, dates, and quantities of sale.
Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds it is
overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.
3.
If you have not manufactured 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T,
Silvex, Hydrothal, or Diquat, did you ever purchase any of those
chemicals for resale?

ANSWER:

A.

From whom did you purchase these chemicals, giving
names of the manufacturer, names of any
intermediate supplier, dates of acquisition,
amounts purchased, and cost.

B.

Did you ever sell said chemicals directly to Orange
County, Florida and, if so, give dates of sale,
amount of chemical sold, and price of sale.

C.

Have you ever sold these chemicals to any other
supplier or wholesaler who in turn furnished these
chemicals to Orange County, Florida? If so, please
state the names of the companies, the amount of
chemicals sold, the dates of sale, and the dollar
value of sales.

Dow is unaware of ever having purchased Hydrothal or

Diquat for purposes of resale.
4.
Have you ever published or printed any warnings
regarding the use or application of the chemicals 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T,
Silvex, Hydrothal and Diquat? If so, please attach copies of said
warnings to these Answers to Interrogatories.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.

Dow further objects on the grounds that

plaintiffs have not identified any specific Dow 2,4-D product or
Silvex product upon which Dow can respond.

-3-

Dow reserves the right

to supplement these responses when and if plaintiffs identify
specific Dow products.
5. Please identify each and every claim, lawsuit and/or
dispute in which you have been involved concerning the above
chemicals since the year 1967.
a. Please state the caption of every claim, lawsuit
and/or dispute listed in the above question along with
the case number;
b. Please state where every claim, lawsuit and/or
dispute listed above was filed and the date it was
filed.
ANSWER :

Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad, unduly burdensome, is not limited to a relevant
time period and is not reasonably calculated to lead to the
discovery of admissible evidence.

Dow further objects to this

interrogatory to the extent it seeks information concerning
chemicals and/or products not manufactured by Dow.

6. Please identify each and every expert witness used
in any prior lawsuit who has given either deposition or trial
testimony involving the chemicals 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Silvex
and Hydrothal, including their name, address and telephone number.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, immaterial, overly broad, unduly burdensome, is not
limited to a relevant time period, is unintelligible and is not
reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible
evidence.

Dow further objects to this interrogatory to the extent

it seeks information concerning chemicals and/or products not
manufactured by Dow.

-4-

Hoé

7.
Please identify by name, position, address,
telephone number, and length of time of service with your company
the following:
a.

Each and every person who has ever testified on
behalf of your company while an employee with you
in any case involving a claim of defect or any
other problem with 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Silvex,
Hydrothal or Diquat. Testimony means by way of
deposition or trial testimony.

ANSWER:

See response to Interrogatory No. 6.

Dated:

Uniondale, New York
May 29, 1990
Respectfully submitted,
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH, HART & KREMER

Uniondale, NY 11556-0111
(516) 357-3000
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
By: Daniel C. Johnson
1601 CNA Tower
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL 32802
(407) 849-0300
DOWELANCO
By: David G. Wilkins
Quad Three
9001 Wessleyan Avenue
Suite 300, Third Floor
Indianapolis, IN 46268

-5-

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE NINTH
JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR ORANGE COUNTY.
CASE NO: Cl 89-8657
DIVISION: 32 PFEIFFER
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,
Plaintiffs,
vs.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
et al.,
Defendants.

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS'
REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS TO
DEFENDANT. DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
General Objections
The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") objects to each of
plaintiffs' requests for production of documents to the extent it
seeks documents or information related to products which Dow never
manufactured, specifically Diquat and Hydrothal.

Dow also objects

to each request to the extent it seeks information reqardinq
2,4,5-T on the grounds that plaintiffs' complaint does not allege
that plaintiff was exposed to or injured by 2,4,5-T.

1.

Any and all letters, memoranda, documents or writings of

any character made by DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY toxicologists or other
employees relating to any toxicological organic chemical research,
inquiries, investigations or studies in connection with the

formation and/or manufacturing of 2,4-D, Silvex, Hydrothal, Diquat
or 2,4,5-T prior to 1978.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is vague, ambiguous, overly broad, unduly burdensome and is not
limited to a relevant time period.

2.

Any and all letters, memoranda, or other documents

related to any organic chemical research, study or experiments
with chlorinated Xanthones or chlorinated Phenols prior to 1978.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, not understandable, unduly
burdensome, not limited to a relevant time period and is not
reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible
evidence.

3.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents regarding any study done in connection with DOW CHEMICAL
COMPANY workers who used or were exposed to DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat, or Silvex prior to 1978.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, immaterial, overly broad, unduly burdensome, not
limited to a relevant time period and is not reasonably calculated
to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.

4.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents relating to any study done by Dr. Holder or other

- 2 -

physicians or toxicologists in connection with DOW CHEMICAL
COMPANY workers who used or were exposed to DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat or Silvex between 1967 to the
present.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, overly broad, unduly burdensome and not confined to
a relevant time period.

Without waiving these objections, Dow is

unaware of any studies by Dr. Holder currently in its possession
which are responsive to this request and which pertain to the
products involved in this case.

5.

Any documents relating to or referring to the identity,

occurrence, concentration, or potential toxicity of any
contaminants or impurities that may have been present in DOW
CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D products, 2,4,5-T products, Silvex
products, Hydrothal products, or Diquat products or in DOW
CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D acid raw material, 2,4,5-T raw material,
Diquat raw material, Hydrothal raw material or Silvex raw
material, from 1967 to present.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, not confined to a relevant time
period, uses undefined terms, is unduly burdensome and is not
calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence because
plaintiffs have no means of showing that the Dow product(s) the
plaintiff was allegedly exposed to, if any, contained contaminants
or impurities.
-3-

Hoi

6.

Any documents relating to or referring to the identity,

occurrence, concentration, or potential toxicity of any
contaminants or impurities that may have been present in DOW
CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D products, 2,4,5-T products, Hydrothal
products, Diquat products or Silvex products or raw materials from
1967 to the present.
ANSWER:

7.

See Dow's Response to Request No. 5.

All of DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY Toxicology files relating to

2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat and Silvex, between 1967 and the
present.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome and not confined to a
relevant time period.

8.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents resulting from research, inquiries, investigations or
studies, which reveal contaminants or impurities in DOW CHEMICAL
COMPANY'S 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat or Silvex which
occurred during the manufacturing or other process between 1967
and 1977.
ANSWER:

9.

See Dow's Response to Request No. 5.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents in connection with DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D,
-4-

Mio

2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat or Silvex which relate to impurities
in the manufacturing or other process which impurities include but
are not limited to polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and
hydrocarbon impurities including but not limited to 2,3,7,8,
Tetrachlora Xanthone during the years 1967 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, unintelligible, not confined to
a relevant time period and unduly burdensome.

10.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents in connection with Xancene compound which is part of DOW
CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat or Silvex
between 1967 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, unintelligible, not confined to
a relevant time period and unduly burdensome.

11.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents in connection with research, inquiries, investigations
or studies relating to the presence in DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat and/or Silvex of the substance
Octochloro Xanthone between 1967 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, unintelligible, not confined to
a relevant time period and unduly burdensome.

-5-

12.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents relating to the presence of any carcinogen

in DOW

CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D,

and Silvex

2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat

between 1967 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, not confined to a relevant time
period and unduly burdensome.

Dow further objects on the grounds

that it makes the assumption that Dow's products are or contain
carcinogens, which Dow denies.

13.

Any and all letters, memoranda, reports or other

documents relating to any carcinogenic effect or propensity in DOW
CHEMICAL COMPANY'S 2,4-D,

2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat

or Silvex

between 1967 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous, not confined to a relevant time
period and unduly burdensome.

Dow further objects on the grounds

that it makes the assumption that Dow's products are or contain
carcinogens, which Dow denies.

14.

That certain report, document or writing made by or to a

Mr. K.L. Krummel relating to organic chemical research, inquiries
or investigations in connection with the formation of and/or
manufacturing of 2,4-D, dated approximately October 27, 1978.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

-6-

is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of
admissible evidence.

15.

That certain report, document or writing made by or to a

Mr. K.L. Krummel relating to organic chemical research, inquiries
or investigations in connection with the formation of and/or
manufacturing of 2,4-D dated approximately 1978.
ANSWER:

16.

See Dow's Response to Request No. 14.

Any and all letters, memoranda, documents or writings of

any character pertaining to the sale of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal,
Diquat or Silvex to any supplier supplying Orange County, Florida,
during the years 1974, 1975, 1976 and 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is overly broad, vague, ambiguous and unduly burdensome.

Dow

further objects on the grounds that Dow is unaware of the names of
persons or entities who purchased Dow's products from independent
retailers and wholesalers and cannot respond to the request as
phrased.

Dow does not have any records in its possession which

indicate that Dow sold 2,4-D or Silvex directly to Orange County
for the years indicated.

17.

All invoices for purchase of said chemicals listed

above.
ANSWER:

See Dow's Response to Request No. 16.

-7-

*f(3

18.

All correspondence between the manufacturer and your

company for the chemicals listed above.
ANSWER:

19.

This request is not applicable to Dow.

All documents pertaining to your sale of the said

chemicals to Orange County, Florida.
ANSWER:

20.

See Dow's Response to Request No. 16.

Any complaints, correspondence or documents of any kind

received by DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY regarding 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T,
Hydrothal, Diquat or Silvex or any documents evidencing any
dissatisfaction in any way whatsoever with the above chemicals.
ANSWER:

See Dow's Response to Request No. 16.

Dow further

objects on the grounds it is not limited to a relevant time
period.

21.

All documents which you forwarded to any wholesaler,

supplier or purchaser of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat or
Silvex regarding the use of such chemicals, the application of
such chemicals, the warnings on such chemicals, the labels on such
chemicals, or related to any defects in such chemicals that were
sent out at any time whatsoever and not limited to the four (4)
years set forth above.
ANSWER :

Dow objects to the request on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome, vague, ambiguous and not
limited to a relevant time period.

- 8 -

Dow further objects on the

grounds that plaintiffs have not identified any specific Dow 2,4-D
product or Silvex product upon which Dow can respond.

Dow

reserves the right to supplement these responses when and if
plaintiffs identify specific Dow products.

22.

Any and all manuals, instruction sheets, informational

sheets, labels, or any documents pertaining to the use,
application, effectiveness, instructions or composition of 2,4-D,
2.4.5- T, Hydrothal, Diquat and Silvex.
ANSWER:

23.

See Dow's Response to Request No. 21.

A list of all employees with names, addresses and

telephone numbers who were involved in the manufacturing,
distribution or management of the division manufacturing 2,4-D,
2.4.5- T, Hydrothal, Diquat and Silvex during the years 1967
through 1977.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, overly broad, unduly burdensome and not reasonably
calculated to lead to admissible evidence.

Without waiving these

objections, Dow states that Robert Flannery was involved in the
sale of Dow's 2,4-D and Silvex products during the years 19741977 .

24.

Any flow charts, diagrams, or systematic representations

of the chain of authority or command for the division or section
of the division or section of the company responsible for the
-9-

manufacturing, distribution or had other responsibility with
regard to 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat and Silvex.
ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, overly broad and unduly burdensome, not limited to
a relevant time period and is not reasonably calculated to lead to
the discovery of admissible evidence.

25.

Any computer lists, letters, memoranda, documents or

writings of any character evidencing a list of each and every
claim, lawsuit and/or dispute in which DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY has
been involved regarding 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Diquat and
Silvex listing the following:
a.

Please list the caption of every claim, lawsuit and/or
dispute as well as the case number requested in this
request.

b.

Please provide a list that indicates where every claim,
lawsuit and/or dispute was filed and the date it was
filed.

ANSWER:

Dow objects to this request on the grounds that it

is irrelevant, immaterial, vague, overly broad, unduly burdensome
and is not limited to a relevant time period or factual scenarios
to cases involving allegations similar to those of the plaintiffs
herein.
compiling

Without waiving these objections, Dow is currently
a list of lawsuits brought between 1974 and 1977 in

which Dow was named by the plaintiff as a manufacturer of 2,4-D or
Silvex and in which the plaintiffs allegedly experienced a soft
-10-

H t(*

tissue sarcoma due to exposure to Dow's product.

Dow will produce

this list to the plaintiffs in the near future.

Dated :

Uniondale, New York
May 29, 1990
Respectfully submitted,
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH, HART & KREMER

By:
J^éphJ
Ortego
Stanley Pierce
EAB Plazas
Uniondale, NY 11556-0111
(516) 357-3000

CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
By: Daniel C. Johnson
1601 CNA Tower
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL 32802
(407) 849-0300

DOWELANCO
By: David G. Wilkins
Quad Three
9001 Wessleyan Avenue
Suite 300, Third Floor
Indianapolis, IN 46268

-11-

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND
FOR ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,

CASE NO. Cl 89 8657
’.1' »

Plaintiffs,
vs.
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,

et al.,
Defendants.
____________________________________________ /

DEFENDANT'S, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, NOTICE
OF FILING RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS' FIRST SET OF INTERROGATORIES
DIRECTED TO OCCIDENTAL

Defendant, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION ("OCCIDENTAL"),
through its undersigned counsel, hereby notifies all counsel of
record of filing its Response to Plaintiffs' First Set of
Interrogatories directed to Occidental served contemporaneously
herewith.
I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the
foregoing has been furnished by U.S. Mail this
day of
August, 1990 to all counsel on the attached service list.
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH,.HART
& KREMER, P .A .
Joseph J. Ortego, Esguire
Stanley Pierce, Esquire
EAB Plaza
Uniondale, N Y ' 11556-0111
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, Florida 32802
(407) 849-0300
Attorneys for Defendant
OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION
■G(

Bv:

-v

.
V^
___________
Daniel C. Johnson
Florida Bar No. 522880
c

\

LIST OF COÜN8EL
Roger Lutz, Esquire
Holland & Knight, P.A.
Post Office Box 1526
Orlando, Florida 32802

Sheila DeCiccio, Esquire
Lowndes, Drosdick, et al.
Post Office Box 2809
Orlando, FL 32802

Daniel J. McGrath, Esquire
Popham, Haik, et al.
4100 One Centrust Finan. Ctr.
100 SE 2nd Street
Miami, FL 33131

David S. Batcheller, Esquire
Kelley Drye & Warrent
?
2400 Miami Center
100 Chopin Plaza
Miami, FL 33131

Ronald L. Harrop, Esquire
Gurney & Handley, P.A.
Post Office Box 1273
Orlando, FL 32802

Stephen W. Beik, Esquire
Hannah, Marsee, et al.
225 E. Robinson Street
Suite 505, Landmark Ctr. II
Orlando, FL 32801-4303

Joseph J. Ortego, Esquire
Rivkin, Radier, et al.
EAB Plaza
Uniondale, NY 11556-0111

Kathleen L. Petrilli, Esquire
Legal Dept. - Pennwalt Corp.
Three Parkway - Pennwalt Bldg.
Philadelphia, PA 19102

Richard D. Schuler, Esquire
Schuler, Wilkerson & Halvorson, P.A.
Suite 4—D , Barristers' Building
1615 Forum Place
West Palm Beach, FL 33401

,

'•t

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND
FOR ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA
CASE NO. Cl 89 8657
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,
Plaintiffs,
vs.

DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
CHEVRON CHEMICAL COMPANY
ORTHO AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
DIVISION, AGCHEM DIVISION PENNWALT CORPORATION,
HELENA CHEMICAL COMPANY
SOUTHERN MILL CREEK PRODUCTS
CO., INC., THE UNJOHN COMPANY,
ASGROW FLORIDA, a
subsidiary of the UPJOHN COMPANY,
WOODBURY CHEMICAL COMPANY, FUTURE
HORIZONS, INC., LANDIA CHEMICAL
CO., JLB INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL,
INC., THE MONSANTO COMPANY,
DIAMOND SHAMROCK, INC.,
Defendants.
/

OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION* S RESPONSE TO
PLAINTIFFS' FIRST SET OF INTERROGATORIES TO OCCIDENTAL
GENERAL OBJECTIONS
Occidental Chemical Corporation ("OCC") objects to each
interrogatory to the extent it seek information regarding 2,4,5-T
since Plaintiffs' Complaint does not allege exposure to that
chemical.

OCC also objects to each interrogatory to the extent

it requests information relating to products which OCC never

manufactured or resold, specifically, Silvex; 2,4,5-T; Diquat; and,
Hydrothal.
:.
'iI

1.
Please give the name, official position, address
duties and responsibilities, and longevity with the company of the
person or persons answering these interrogatories.
ANSWER:

John Endicott
Attorney in Fact for
Occidental Chemical Corporation
Dallas, Texas

,

2.
Has Occidental Chemical Company ever manufactured
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Hydrothal, Silvex or Diquat? If so, please state
the following:
ANSWER:

See General Objections.

OCC also objects to this

interrogatory to the extent it seeks information concerning
products manufactured prior to 1974 or after 1977.

Without

waiving these objections, OCC states that it did not manufacture
2,4-D during the years 1974-1977.
A.
ANSWE R:

Over what period of time and at what location or
locations?

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is not reasonably calculated to lead to admissible evidence since
the manufacturing location is irrelevant and because it is not
limited to a relevant time period.

Without waiving these

objections, see above.

B.

Were any of these chemicals ever sold to Orange
County, Florida, and if so, please list the dates,
quantities sold, and prices of sale.

- 2 -

ANSWER:

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad in that it is not limited to the relevant time
period.

Without waiving these objections, see above.
C.

ANSWER:

■I,

If you did not sell directly to Orange County,
(
Florida, have you sold any one or all of these
chemicals to any retailers or wholesalers located
within the State of Florida and, if so, please list
the names, dates, and quantities of sale.

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds it is

overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.

Without waiving these objections, see

above.

3.
If you have not manufactured 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T,
Silvex, Hydrothal, or Diquat, did you ever purchase any of those
chemicals for resale?
ANSWER:

See General Objections.

OCC also objects to this

interrogatory to the extent it seeks information concerning
products manufactured prior to 1974 or after 1977.

Without

waiving these objections, OCC states that during the years 19741977 OCC entered into an operating and management agreement with
Chemical Land of New Jersey.

Under that agreement, Chemical Land

manufactured 2,4-D which was sold or shipped to other companies
who used that 2,4-D to produce final products bearing OCC's name.
Additionally, OCC's predecessor, Diamond Shamrock Corp.,
sold products containing 2,4-D during the years 1974-1977.
A.

From whom did you purchase these chemicals, giving
names of the manufacturer, names of any
intermediate supplier, dates of acquisition,
amounts purchased, and cost.

-3-

ANSWER:

See General Objections.

OCC also objects to this

interrogatory to the extent it seeks information concerning
products manufactured prior to 1974 or after 1977.

Without

rl

waiving these objections, OCC states that it will attempt to

t

determine the source of the chemicals if and when plaintiff
specifies a particular OCC product to which he alleges exposure.\

B.

ANSWER:

Did you ever sell said chemicals directly to Orange
County, Florida and, if so, give dates of sale,
amount of chemical sold, and price of sale.

See General Objections.

OCC also objects to this

interrogatory to the extent it seeks information concerning
products manufactured prior to 1974 or after 1977.

Without

waiving these objections, and after a diligent search, OCC states
that it is unaware of any records in its possession regarding
sales of this product to Orange County.
C.

ANSWER:

Have you ever sold these chemicals to any other
supplier or wholesaler who in turn furnished these
chemicals to Orange County, Florida?
If so, please
state the names of the companies, the amount of
chemicals sold, the dates of sale, and the dollar
value of sales.

See O C C 1s response to Interrogatory No. 3B.

4.
Have you ever published or printed any warnings
regarding the use or application of the chemicals 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T,
Silvex, Hydrothal and Diquat? If so, please attach copies of said
warnings to these Answers to Interrogatories.
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.

OCC further objects on the grounds that

-4-

plaintiffs have not identified any specific OCC product upon
which OCC can base a response.

Without waiving these objections,

OCC reserves the right to supplement these responses when and i'ij
plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.

5.
Please identify each and every claim, lawsuit and/
dispute in which you have been involved concerning the above
chemicals since the year 1967.
a. Please state the caption of every claim, lawsuit
and/or dispute listed in the above question along with
the case number;
b.
Please state where every claim, lawsuit and/or
dispute listed above was filed and the date it was
filed.
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.

OCC further objects on the grounds that

plaintiffs have not identified any specific OCC product upon
which OCC can base a response.

Without waiving these objections,

OCC reserves the right to supplement these responses when and if
plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.

6.
Please identify each and every expert witness used
in any prior lawsuit who has given either deposition or trial
testimony involving the chemicals 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Silvex
and Hydrothal, including their name, address and telephone number.
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is irrelevant,

immaterial, overly broad, unduly burdensome, is not

limited to a relevant time period, is unintelligible and is not
reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible
evidence.

OCC further objects to this interrogatory to the extent

-5-

it seeks information concerning chemicals and/or products not
manufactured by OCC.

Without waiving these objections, OCC

reserves the right to supplement this response when and if
plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.
7.
Please identify by name, position, address,
telephone number, and length of time of service with your company
the following:
a.

ANSWER:

Each and every person who has ever testified on ’.
behalf of your company while an employee with you
in any case involving a claim of defect or any
other problem with 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Silvex,
Hydrothal or Diquat.
Testimony means by way of
deposition or trial testimony.

OCC objects to this interrogatory on the grounds that it

is overly broad and unduly burdensome and is not limited to a
relevant time period.

OCC further objects on the grounds that

plaintiffs have not identified any specific OCC product upon
which OCC can base a response.

Without waiving these objections,

OCC reserves the right to supplement these responses when and if
plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.

V •

Dated v

Orlando, Florida
August 3 , 1990
Respectfully submitted,
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH, HART & KREMÇR

CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.

Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL 32802
(407) 849-0300
Attorneys for
OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION

- 7 -

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Saturdays

July 9, 1994

Sunday, July 10, 1994
Monday, July Xl, 1994
#209 5EkEMi£y ~ Id to submit jury fees? ~ 7/20
I i00pm

ATI:A - STEP

Conference Call.

Tuesday, July 12, .199 4
#208 RICHMOND SPILL ~ 2-rk f/u to file Complaint.
Wednesday, July 13, 1994
Thursday, July 3.4, 199 4
Friday, July 13, 1994
Saturday, July 16, 1994
Sunday, July 17,• 199 4
Monday, July 18, is94
Tuesday, July 19, 1994
#2OS RICHMOND SPILL - Iwk f/u to file Complaint.
#209 SHUMAKER - Id to send Not to Appear at Trial w/our d e c s ;
id to Vieur
vtednes&ay, July *e, 1994
#209 SHUMAKER - Id to post jury foes $150
Thursday, July 21,

1994

Friday, July 22, 1994
Saturday, .July 23, 1994
ATLA Annual Convention - Clue sou Hyatt Regency
Sunday, July 24, 19S4
ATLA Annual Convent ¡.on-Cr j.cnqc Hyatt Regency
v onday, July £S, 1994
ATLA Annual Ccr.;vsnt ion- uti cnyo Hyatt Regency
■
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■■■0- iACATo-yp ■-■/U;L -- .'-On ■■ 1. 'i t.o

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Wednesday, July -27, 1994
ATLA Annual Convention-Chioago Hyatt Regency
•Thursday# July 28,, :i§9 4
Friday - July 29, 1994
Saturday, July 30» 1994
Sunday, July 3 2,, 1994
Monday, August l, IS§4
DISCUSS 14th International Symposium on Chlorinated Dioxins
and Related Compounds,
Tuesday, August 2, 1994
8:30am #209 £CHUMAKER - Trial
Wednesday, August 3, 1994
Thursday, August 4, 1994
Friday, August 5, 1994
•!?turday, August €? 1994
'•sy, August T, 1994
n

cay, August 8, 1994

Tuesday, August 9, 1594
Wsc

lay, August 10, 1994

Thursday, August 11, 1994
Friday, August 12, 1994
Saturday, August 13, 1994
Sunday, August 14,

1994

Monday, August 15, 1994
Tuesday, August 1 6 , 1994
Wednesday, August 17, 1994
Thursday# August IS, 1994
i-i*»d a y , August 19, 13 94

(Auburn)

Wednesday, June ;i, j.§9 4
8;3Gam #34 DORRIS. - Hearing in D17 ~ M3'HD TO CORFrer;
'WHEN NOTICE COMER FROM COURT.
Thursday, June 2, IS 9 4
Friday, June 3, 1994
Saturday, June 4, 1994
Sunday, June 5, 1994
Monday, .Tune 6, 19 3 4
#209 SHUMAKER ~ Id to mail Sett Conf Stmt
Tuesday, June 7, iss4
Wednesday, June 8, 1994
Thursday, June 9, 1994
Friday, June 20, 1994
#20S SHUMAKER - Id to file Rett Conf Stmt
Saturday, June 21, 1994
Sunday, June 12, 1994
Monday, June 13, 1994
#209 SHUMAKER - id to exchange expert info; Id to file
discovery motions
1:00pm

ATLA - STEP

Conference Call.

Tuesday, June 14, 1994
#203 RICHMOND SRILL - 6wk f/xx to file Complaint.
Wednesday, June IS, 19 9 4
Thursday, June 26, 1994
Friday» June 17, 2994
#209 SHUMAKER - id to mail Not of Nonexpert Depo w/out
Saturday, June is, 1994
Sunday, June 19, 1994

Tuesday f. May xc, 1994
Wednesday, May 3.x, i$§4
Thursday, May 1 2 , 1994
Friday, May 13, 1994
Saturday, May 14, 1994
Sunday, Hay 15, 1994
Msaday, May I«?., 199 4
Tuesday, May 17,! 1994
Wednesday, May is, 1994
#84 M ORRIS f L/D to roai

^ter e n c e stmt to court and deft;

Thursday, May 19, 1994
Friday, May ¿ 0 , 1994
Saturday, M a y :21, 1994
Sunday, May 22, 1 9 9 4
Monday, May 23, 1994
#84 MORRIS - L/D to personally f/serve conference stiat,
Tuesday, May 24, 1994
#2 09 SHUMAKER ~ Id to demand disclosure of experts
Wednesday, May 25, 1994
Thursday, May 26, 1994
Friday, May 27, 1994
Saturday, May 28, 1994
Sundai

May 29, 1994

Monday, May 3 0, 19 94.
STAFF HOLIDAY - MEMORIAL DAY,
#209 SHUMAKER - Id to send out closing rogs
May 31/ 1,$ 9 4

Saturday, April 23, 1994
SVtnday, April 24,, 1994
:
Monday, April; 25, 1994
#84 HQRR.XS ~ L/D to conduct the arbitration.

!

•

Tuesday, April 26, 1994
:
1 #83 STARNES - Call Court at 1:30 for tentative ruling
on tomorrow's hearing.
Wednesday, April 27, 1994
y :ooam #8 3 STARNES - Status review in D e p t » 17, ;
!
ioi00am #2Q5 NULBS - Depo of John Mules at Diablo ;Vall«y
Reporting. 2121. N. California Blvd. , Suite 310,i
VhCh/930-7388.
2:oopm

#2 05 MOLES Depo of Katherine Nules at Diablo Vail lev
Reporting, 2121 N, California Blvd.,, Suite 310,;
W.C./930-73S3.
!

Thursday, April 28, 1934
Friday, April: 29, 1994
9s30am #210 DUNCAN - hearing pj's dept
l

j
i

ATLA-ld to regie for Chicago conv w/discount = 5#6

Saturday, April 30, ¿994
Srftday, May l, 1994
Monday, May 2-, 1994
Tuesday;

1

May 3, 1994

Wednesday, May 4* 29*4
inursday, May 5, 1994

;

.iriday, May 6, 1994
1 ATLA - id co register for Chicago com/ w/100 dieaount
Saturday, May 7, 19 94
snuday, May 8, 1994
Mohccy, May 0, 1994
1 *Ohr-.m &'VJ.& -» STEP

i'C’/nife;/isn'"te Call ,

Monday, aprii U , 1994
#?.0é SOTO
iwk f/u to til* Proof of Service on Deft fori
SuviOttons and; Complaint, Ntc. to Plfs., ADR Info sheet» b liant:
stat conto g -aire, & blank adr stip form.
ffOi NIJIvS - our ans to spec rogs due
10 :00 aw
1 :OOpt

■

1186 TRAMMEL.I. - depo of Terri Traitane11 (FF)
loo ROBIDSOfJ - CMC D2 (Sonora)

Tuesday/ April it , 1.9î»4
S ;30 am of Of ftUfrES - Status Conference in Dept t .

F'adnesday, April 13, 1994
#S 3 STARNES :- L/D to personally f/serve status report to: court
arid d;-fts,
;

SîGûpra

ATTA. STEP COMMITTEE MEETING ~ Washington

Thursday.,- April '14, 199 4

:

Friday, April; IS, 1994
#202 MCKENNA - iwkf/u to file complaint,

;!

;

#205 NULE5 - our dot proci due; def 's ans to our spec :rogb due
(to US)
:
i
#186 TRAMMELL. - Miele 's ans to our form rogs due (to ;us)
:
î
#184 MORRIS;~ SRVUSDfs doc prod & ans to rogs due (to us)i
Saturday, April

x<>, 1994

i

Sunday, April' 1?, 1394

!

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;

!

Monday, Apri1:18, 1994
#206 SOTO “ L/D to 'file Proof of Service on Deft for Sumimcns
and Complaint, Nto. to Fife., ADR Info sheet, blank stat c o n f .
q-aire, & blank adt stip form,
#203 MULES - deft?, ans to form rogs due
Tuesday, April 19,

(to us)

1994

!
I

Wednesday, April SO, 1994
Thursday, April

2 1 , 1994

Friday, April 22, 1394
#2 0? MCKENNA - SOL L/P to £i C:r- complaint.

;

Thursday, March 31# 1994
#lt?4 MORRIS'- s k v u s d 's writ resp to doc prod due

(to .us)

J o : : Cunsm:on vacation)

;

Friday, April •l, ■ 1994
#2 0? MCKENNA -■ 3wk f/U to f/complaint,

1

!

#o 3 STARNES :- iwK f/u to »ail status report to court land!
defendants.
'
!
#205 NUDES ■- L/D to personally f/serve status conference,
q-ai.re; o u r :ans to rogs due
#188- V.ROBINSON - med ir.fo roc from Drs?
8: 30am

DR, SANDERS (Oakland)

Saturday/ April 2, 1994
Sunday, A p r i l 13, 1994

!

Monday# April)4, 1994
: 1
#206 SOTO - ;2w3fc f/u to file Proof of Service on Deft for:
Summons- and; Complaint, Ntc. to Plfs., ADR Info sheet, blank
stat conf, q~aire, & blank adr stip form,
I
i

.

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GHS - Id to submit paper re ATLA Chicago seminar

(7/24
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Tuesday# April 5# 1994
10:00am #184 - m o r r i s

;
- depo or Jason (Murphy's office):

’Wednesday, Aprils 6, X9S4
Thursday, April ?, 1994
!

#33 S T A R N E S - L/D to mai ] status report to court and clefts..
Friday, A p r i l ,8, 1994
#202 MCKENNA -- 2wk f/u to file complaint.
Saturday, April 9, 1994

!

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' C .r - ir v ...L . [' r i i r l j CLIN ’ Mi I L -1 - - ' l ' I U L l t K

Tuesday, March 22, 1994
; ,
#35 MOSS ~ hiD. for CSAA to p ersonally.file and s e r v e ;Reply to
Opp to Motion to Compel P'Lf to attend;IME and Depo <ih CA.
J*00ar.

#15- MOSS - Motion to compel arbitration in Dop'd 2,

Weanencoy, March 23, 1994
#125 MuSS_--inn policy rec from Mackouse?

■
;

;

Tkursfrty, Mqrch 24, 3,994
(Jeff Carian on;vacation)
itrtvircraTinqn

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Friday, March;25, 1S94
#202 MCKENNA ~ 4wk f/u to file complaint.
(Jeff C u nan!on vacation)
ft; Dept*ngB4
t&turday,- Maroh 2 è, 199 4

'

Sunday, March;2?, 1994
4 : 1 4 p m • flight'to St. Louis #407
7 i00pm flight to SF #S19

;
|

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;

Monday'/ March 28, 1994
j
#2 05 NULLS y I../D to mail status conference q-aire to jcouft S
defts.
i
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(Jeff C u n a n 'on vacation}

* :
’

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!

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(due ;4/4)
: ;
;
Tuesday,.March 29, 1994
#114 MORRIS
tecs -duo from San Rain- Reg, Med. ctr,
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y

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND
FOR ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA
ROBERT W. MOYER, II, and
KIM MOYER, his wife,

CASE NO. CI 89 8657

Plaintiffs,
vs.
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
et a l . ,
Defendants.
_____________________________________________________/

DEFENDANT'S, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, NOTICE
OF FILING RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS' REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION
OF DOCUMENTS TO ALL DEFENDANTS
Defendant, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION

("OCCIDENTAL"),

through its undersigned counsel, hereby notifies all counsel of
record of filing its Response to Plaintiffs' Request for
Production of Documents to All Defendants served
contemporaneously herewith.
I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the
foregoing has been furnished by U.S. Mail this
day of
August, 1990 to all counsel on the attached service list.
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAY H ,.HART
St KREMER,
P .A .
Joseph J. Ortego, Esquire
Stanley Pierce, Esquire
EAB Plaza
Uniondale, NY 11556-0111
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, Florida 32802
(407) 849-0300
Attorneys for Defendant
OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION
By:

M

0

"7^

Daniel C. Johnson
Florida Bar No. 522880

add
\ •.

'\

R iqq(Ü

LIST OF COUNSEL
Roger Lutz, Esquire
Holland & Knight, P.A.
Post Office Box 1526
Orlando, Florida
32802

Sheila DeCiccio, Esquire
Lowndes, Drosdick, et al.
Post Office Box 2809
Orlando, FL 32802

Daniel J. McGrath, Esquire
Popham, Haik, et al.
4100 One Centrust Finan. Ctr.
100 SE 2nd Street
Miami, FL 33131

David S. Batcheller, Esquire
Kelley Drye & Warrent
2400 Miami Center
100 Chopin Plaza
Miami, FL 33131

Ronald L. Harrop, Esquire
Gurney & Handley, P.A.
Post Office Box 1273
Orlando, FL 32802

Stephen W. Beik, Esquire
Hannah, Marsee, et al.
225 E. Robinson Street
Suite 505, Landmark Ctr. II
Orlando, FL 32801-4303

Joseph J. Ortego, Esquire
Rivkin, Radier, et al.
EAB Plaza
Uniondale, NY
11556-0111

Kathleen L. Petrilli, Esquire
Legal Dept. - Pennwalt Corp.
Three Parkway - Pennwalt Bldg
Philadelphia, PA 19102

Richard D. Schuler, Esquire
Schuler, Wilkerson & Halvorson, P.A.
Suite 4 —D , Barristers' Building
1615 Forum Place
West Palm Beach, FL 33401

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE NINTH
■JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR ORANGE COUNTY.
CASE NO:
Cl 89-8657
DIVISION:
32 PFEIFFER
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,

*

Plaintiffs,
vs.
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
et a l . ,
Defendants.*
1

OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION'S RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFFS'
REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS TO ALL DEFENDANTS
1.
If you supplied any 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Hydrothal or
Silvex to Orange County during the years 1974 through 1977, please
produce the following:
a.
All documents pertaining to your purchase of said
chemicals from the manufacturer or intermediate supplier;
b.
c.
your company;

All invoices for said chemicals;
All correspondence between the manufacturer and

d.
All documents pertaining to your sale of said
chemicals to Orange County, Florida;
e.
Any complaints received by you regarding the above
chemicals, or any documents evidencing any dissatisfaction in any
way whatsoever with the above chemicals;
f.
All documents forwarded to you by the manufacturer
regarding the above chemicals, the use of such chemicals, the
application of such chemicals, the warnings on such chemicals, or
related to any defects in such chemicals that were sent to you at
any time whatsoever and not limited to the four (4) years set
forth above;

sheets,

g.
any manuals, instruction sheets, informational
labels or other documents pertaining to the use,

application, effectiveness,
chemicals.

instructions, or composition of said

ANSWER:

Occidental Chemical Corporation ("OCC") objects to
..i
‘ • i.
this request on the grounds that it is overly broad, unduly
burdensome and not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery
of admissible evidence to the extent that it seeks information
concerning 2,4,5-T, which plaintiff has not alleged that he was
exposed to or injured from in his complaint and to the extent it
requests information about Diquat, Hydrothal and Silvex, which OCC
never manufactured.

Without waiving these objections, OCC states

that after a diligent search,

it is unaware of any records in its

possession indicating it sold products to Orange County during the
years 1974-1977.

2.
If you are a manufacturer as opposed to a supplier,
please produce the following for the years 1974 through 1977
pertaining to 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, Diquat, Silvex or Hydrothal:
a.
said chemicals;
ANSWER:

All documents pertaining to your manufacturing o

OCC objects to this request on the grounds that it is

vague, ambiguous,

irrelevant, overly broad and unduly burdensome.

Without waiving these objections, see O C C 1s Response to Request
No. 1.

b.
said chemicals;

ANSWER:

All invoices or documents pertaining to the sale

OCC objects to this request on the grounds that it is

irrelevant, ambiguous, overly broad, unduly burdensome and is not
-

2

-

limited in respect to time or geographical location.

Without

waiving this objection, OCC refers the plaintiffs to its Response
to Request No. 1.

;•.*

c.
All correspondence between the supplier or your '
wholesaler and your company;
ANSWER:

OCC sold its products to a number of independent

wholesalers and distributors throughout the country during the
time period in question.

Therefore, OCC objects to this request

on the grounds that it is irrelevant, immaterial, overly broad and
unduly burdensome.
d.
All documents pertaining to your sale of said
chemical to your supplier or wholesaler or other entity;
ANSWER:

See. response to Request 2c.

e.
Any complaints received by you regarding the above
chemicals or any documents evidencing any dissatisfaction in any
way whatsoever with the above chemicals;
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this request on the grounds that it is

overly broad, vague and ambiguous.

Without waiving these

objections, OCC reserves the right to supplement this response
when and if plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.

f.
All documents forwarded by you dealing with the
application of said chemicals, the warnings on such chemicals, or
relating to any defects in such chemicals or the use of such
chemicals that were sent out at any time whatsoever and not
limited to the four years set forth above;
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this request on the grounds that it is

overly broad, vague and ambiguous.

-3-

Without waiving these

objections^ O C C reserves the right to supplement this response
wheii-andr if plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.
g.
Any manuals, instruction sheets, informational
sheets, labels, or other documents pertaining to the use,
application, effectiveness, instructions or composition of sa i d t
chemicals.
ANSWER:

OCC objects to this request on the grounds that it is \

overly broad, vague and ambiguous.

Without waiving these

objections, OCC reserves the right to supplement this response
when and if plaintiffs identify a specific OCC product.

Dated:

Orlando, Florida
August 3, 1990
Respectfully submitted,
RIVKIN, RADLER, BAYH, HART & KREMER

By:
Josstyph 3\ Oi
Stanley Pie^
EABRLaza
Uniondale, NY 11556-0111
(516) 357-3000
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.

Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL 32802
(407) 849-0300
Attorneys for
OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATON

^3^

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE
NINTH JUDICIAL CIRCUIT, IN AND
FOR ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA
CASE NO. Cl 89 8657
ROBERT W. MOYER,

II, et al.,

Plaintiffs,
vs.
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, et al.,
Defendants.
_____________________________________________________ /

DEFENDANT'S, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, NOTICE
OF SUPPLEMENTAL FILING TO RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF'S INTERROGATORIES
Defendant, OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, through its
undersigned attorneys, hereby gives notice of its supplemental
filing of the attached Verification which relates to its Answers
to Interrogatories previously filed.

The undersigned hereby

affirms the original Verification has been served to Plaintiff's
counsel this date.
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, Florida 32802
(407) 849-0300
Attorneys for Defendant
OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION

By:
Daniel^C. Johnson
Florida Bar No. 522880

I HEREBY CERTIFY that a true and correct copy of the
foregoing has been furnished by U.S. Mail this
/
day of
August, 1990 to all counsel on the attached service list.

Attorney

VERIFICATION
I, JOHN ENDICOTT, hereby verify that I have read the foregoing
Answer to Interrogatories and state they are true and correct to
the best of my knowledge.

^a
JOHN ENDICOTT
Sworn to and subscribed before

My commission expires:

\, T

LIST OF COUNSEL
Roger Lutz, Esquire
Holland & Knight, P.A.
Post Office Box 1526
Orlando, Florida
32802

Sheila DeCiccio, Esquire
Lowndes, Drosdick, et al.
Post Office Box 2809
Orlando, FL 32802

Daniel J. McGrath, Esquire
Popham, Haik, et al.
4100 One Centrust Finan. Ctr.
100 SE 2nd Street
Miami, FL 33131

David S. Batcheller, Esquire
Kelley Drye & Warrent
2400 Miami Center
100 Chopin Plaza
Miami, FL 33131

Ronald L. Harrop, Esquire
Gurney & Handley, P.A.
Post Office Box 1273
Orlando, FL 32802

Stephen W. Beik, Esquire
Hannah, Marsee, et al.
225 E. Robinson Street
Suite 505, Landmark Ctr. II
Orlando, FL 32801-4303

Joseph J. Ortego, Esquire
Rivkin, Radier, et al.
EAB Plaza
Uniondale, NY
11556-0111

Kathleen L. Petrilli, Esquire
Legal Dept. - Pennwalt Corp.
Three Parkway - Pennwalt Bldg.
Philadelphia, PA 19102

Richard D. Schuler, Esquire
Schuler, Wilkerson & Halvorson, P.A.
Suite 4-D, Barristers' Building
1615 Forum Place
West Palm Beach, FL 33401

IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE NINTH
JUDICIAL CIRCUIT OF FLORIDA, IN
AND FOR ORANGE COUNTY
CASE NO:
DIVISION:
ROBERT W. MOYER, II and
KIM MOYER, his wife,
Plaintiffs,
vs.
DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY,
et a l .,
Defendants.

Cl 89-8657
32 PFEIFFER

)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)

____________________________________)

DEFENDANT THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY'S
ANSWERS TO PLAINTIFFS' INSURANCE INTERROGATORIES

Defendant The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow") responds to
Plaintiffs' Insurance Interrogatories as follows:
1.
State whether there is or was in existence any
policy of liability insurance which would or might inure to
the benefit of the Plaintiff(s) herein, by providing for
payment of a part of or all of any judgment rendered in favor
of the Plaintiff (s) against any Defendant or against any
other person, firm or corporation who is or may be liable to
the Plaintiff(s) by reason of the casualty described in the
Complaint, and if the answer is "YES", state as follows to
EACH such policy of insurance known or believed to exist by
you or your attorneys:
(a)

The name and address of the insurer on
each such policy.

(b)

The name and address of each named
insured on each such policy.

(c)

The limits of liability in such policy as
might be applied to any one Plaintiff by
reason of any incident and the total
limits of liability to all persons by
reason of any one incident.

43(°

*

(d)

The relationship, if any, between each named
insured on each such policy and any named
Defendant in this cause.

(e)

The policy number of each such policy.

(f)

The name and address of any person, firm or
corporation, who is or may be an "additional
insured" under such policy by reason of the
incident described in the Complaint, and the
relationship, if any, between such "additional
insured" and any named Defendant in this
cause.

(g)

Whether or not any insurer has notified any
insured that said insurer or any other person,
firm or corporation must pay a part of or all
of any judgment before the insurer must make
any payment; if so, what payment must be made
and by whom before the insurer must make
payment.

(h)

Whether or not any insurer has notified any
insured that said insurer claims that there
is or may be no coverage under the terms of
the policy of insurance involved, and if the
answer is "YES", describe the reason given
for the claimed lack of coverage or failure
thereof as stated by said insurer (identifying
same) to said insured (identifying same) and
state the date of such notice.
NOTE:
If such
policy defense is withdrawn or waived,this
sub-paragraph need not be answered.

(i)

Are you protected against the type of risk
sued hereon by any:

(j)

(1)

Reinsurance?

(2)

Excess insurance?

If your answer to either of the subdivisions
of the proceeding interrogatory is in the
affirmative, for each such coverage state:
(1)

The name and address of the insurer

(2)

The number of the policy.

(3)

The form of insurance.

(4)

The effective dates of coverage.

(5)

The amount of coverage.

2

4 3 *

(6)

The name and address of the named
insured.

(7)

The name, address and telephone number
of the person(s) or entity that has
possession of the policy and the
reinsurance or excess insurance clauses.

ANSWER :
Please find attached as Exhibit A which is Dow's
answer to Plaintiff's interrogatory regarding liability
insurance.
Additionally, Dow answers as follows:
(d)

Dow states there is no relationship between each of the
named insured and any named Defendant in this cause.

(f)

Dow objects to this interrogatory sub-part on the
grounds that it is vague and unintelligible.
Dow does
not understand this interrogatory sub-part.

(g)

No.

(h)

No.

(i) (1)

No .

(2)

Excess.

The information is included in Exhibit A.

The information requested is listed above

(j)(1-5)
(6)

The Dow Chemical Company
2030 Dow Center
Midland, MI 48674

(7)

John C. Gorte, Manager, Liability Insurance
The Dow Chemical Company
2030 Dow Center
Midland, MI 48674
(517) 636-3202

t
3

+13 4

David G. Wilkins
DOWELANCO
Quad III, Fourth Floor
9002 Purdue Road
Post Office Box 681428
Indianapolis, IN 46268-1189
(317) 871-8435

CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
215 South Monroe Street, Suite 410
Tallahassee, FL 32301
(904) 224-1585
Counsel for Defendant
The Dow Chemical Company

4

CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE

The undersigned hereby certifies that a copy of the
foregoing Answers to Plaintiff's Insurance Interrogatories
has-been served upon the following counsel of record this
day of May, 1991:
Richard D. Schuler, Esq.
SCHULER, WILKERSON & HALVORSON
Barristers Building, Suite 4D
1615 Forum Place
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
Counsel for Plaintiffs
Daniel C. Johnson, Esq.
CARLTON, FIELDS, WARD, EMMANUEL,
SMITH & CUTLER, P.A.
Firstate Tower
Post Office Box 1171
Orlando, FL 32802
Co-Counsel for The Dow Chemical Company
David S. Batcheller, Esq.
KELLEY, DRYE & WARREN
2400 Miami Center
100 Chopin Plaza
Miami, FL 33131
Counsel for Chevron Chemical Company

Ronald L. Harrop, Esq.
GURNEY & HANDLEY, P.A.
Post Office Box 1273
Orlando, FL 32801
Counsel for Atochem North America, Inc.
formerly known as Agchenl Division - Pennwalt Corporation
Kathleen L. Petrilli, Esq.
Legal Department
PENNWALT CORPORATION
Three Parkway, Pennwalt Building
Philadelphia, PA 19102
Counsel for Pennwalt Corporation

5

Roger Lutz, Esq.
HOLLAND & KNIGHT
Post Office Box 1526
Orlando, FL 32802
Counsel for Helena Chemical Company

Daniel J. McGrath, Esq.
R. Benjamin Reid, Esq.
Paul T. Reid, Esq.
KIMBRELL & HAMANN, P.A.
799 Brickell Plaza
Suite 900, Brickell Centre
Miami, FL 33131-2805
Counsel for The Monsanto Company and
Southern Mill Creek Products Co., Inc.
Stephen W. Beik, Esq.
HANNAH, MARSEE, BEIK & VOGHT
Post Office Box 536487
Orlando, FL 32853-6487
Counsel for the Woodbury Chemical Company

John A. Reed, Jr. Esq.
Shelia Gupta DeCiccio, Esq.
LOWNDES, DROSDICK, DOSTER,
KANTOR & REED, P.A.
215 North Eola Drive
Post Office Box 2809
Orlando, FL 32802
Counsel for Asgrow Florida Company and
the Upjohn Company

Alan

6

STATE OF INDIANA
COUNTY OF MARION

)
)

SS :

VERIFICATION

David G. Wilkins, being first duly sworn, deposes and
says that he is the Staff Counsel,
Legal Division of
DowElanco.
While he does not have personal knowledge of all
the facts recited in The Dow Chemical Company's Answers to
Plaintiffs' Insurance Interrogatories in the case of ROBERT
W. MOYER, II and KIM MOYER vs. THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY, ET
A L ., the information contained in these Answers have been
collected and made available to him by others. These Answers
are true to the best of his knowledge and belief based upon
the information made available to him, and that, therefore,
the statements made in these Answers are verified on behalf
of The Dow Chemical Company in this litigation.

David G. Wilkins
Staff Counsel
Legal Division
DowElanco

Sworn to me and subscribed before me in my presence on this
day of May, 1991.

Cathy E.Lsipole, Notary Public
residing in Hamilton County
My Commission Expires October 16, 1994

7

EXHIBIT

A

4H3

ANSWER:
1.

Yes.
PRIMARY INSURANCE

(a)

Name :
Address

(b)

Named Insured:

(c)

Limits :
Limits :

$400,000 each person
$2,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number :

N/A

(j) (1)

Policy period :
1977

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company
and any Domestic or Foreign Corporation
in which it owns or may own, directly or
indirectly, more than 50% of the combined
voting power.
Includes Cordis Dow
Corporation.

(c)

Limits:
$100,000 each person excess of
$400,000 each person.
Limits:
$100,000 each occurrence excess of
$2,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy period: April 1, 1976 to April 1, 1977
effective 10/1/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Aetna Casualty & Surety Company
Address:
151 Farmington Ave.
Hartford, CT

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
any Domestic or Foreign Corporation in which
it owns or may own, directly or indirectly,

Self retained
N/A
N/A
Not applicable

April 1, 1976 to April 1 ,

Aetna Casualty & Surety Company
151 Farmington A v e .
Hartford, CT

65XS1902SCA

o

more than 50% of the combined voting power.
Includes Cordis Dow Corporation.
(C)

Limits:
$600,000 each person excess of
$400,000 each person.
Limits:
$100,000 each occurrence excess of
$2,400,000 each occurrence.

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company,
Cordis Dow Corporation and any Domestic or
Foreign Corporation in which either owns or
may own, directly or indirectly, more than
50% of the combined voting power.

(c)

Limits:
Limits:

$400,000 each person
$2,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number:

5001

(j) (1)

Policy Period:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
any Domestic or Foreign Corporation in which
it owns or may own, directly or indirectly,
more than 50% of the combined voting power.
Includes Cordis Dow Corporation.

(c)

Limits:
$600,000 each person excess of
$400,000 each person
Limits: "$100,000 each occurrence excess of
$2,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
April 1, 1977 to April 1, 1978
Effective 1/4/78 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Address:

65XS1902SCA
April 1, 1976 to April 1, 1977

Dorinco Reinsurance Company
2030 Willard H. Dow Center
Midland, MI

April 1, 1977 to April 1, 1978

Aetna Casualty & Surety Company
151 Farmington A v e .
•
Hartford, CT

65XS1904SCA

Dorinco Reinsurance Company
2030 Willard H. Dow Center
Midland, MI

2

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company,
Cordis Dow Corporation and any Domestic or
Foreign Corporation in which either owns or
may own, directly or indirectly, more than 50%
of the combined voting power.

(c)

Limits :
Limits :

$1,400,000 each person
$3,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number :

5001

(j) (1)

Policy Period:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
any Domestic or Foreign Corporation in which
it owns or may own, directly or indirectly,
more than 50% of the combined voting power.
Includes Cordis Dow Corporation.

(c)

Limits:
$600,000 each person excess of
$1,400,000 each person
Limits:
$100,000 each occurrence excess of
$3,400,000 each occurrence

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:

April 1, 1977 to April 1, 1978

Aetna Casualty & Surety Company
151 Farmington A v e .
Hartford, CT

65XS1904SCA
April 1, 1977 to April, 1, 1978

EXCESS

(a)

Name:
Address:

The Home Insurance Company, et al.
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be

3

¿fiG

included as Insureds if the percentage
ownership is in accordance with the above.

of

(c)

Limits:
$124,895,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits:
$124,895,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 6/11/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits:
$110,795,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits:
$110,795,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 9/25/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic

HEC4973974

The Home Insurance Company, et al.
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

HEC4973974

The Home Insurance Company, et a l .
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

Corporation

in w h i c h

either

or

both

owns

or

may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or

4

may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.
(c)

Limits:
$109,720,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits:
$109,720,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 10/2/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name: The Home Insurance Company, et al.
Address:
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more ,than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits:
$109,560,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits: -$109,560,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 11/24/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Address:

HEC4973974

HEC4973974

The Home Insurance Company, et al.
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

5

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits: $108,560,000
of primary insurance
Limits: $108,560,000
of primary insurance

each occurrence excess
each occurrence

excess

(e)

Number:

HEC4973974

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 12/15/76 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
Address:

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Compapy and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this
insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits: $108,720,000
of primary insurance
Limits: $108,720,000
of primary insurance

The Home Insurance Company, et a l .
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

each occurrence

excess

each occurrence

excess

(e)

Number:

HEC4973974

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 6/11/77 policy amended to:

6

(a)

Name:
Address:

The Home Insurance Company, et a l .
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits: $107,195,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits:
$107,195,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

(e)

Number:

(j) (1)

Policy Period:
June 11, 1975 to June 11, 1978
Effective 8/3/77 policy amended to:

(a)

Name:
The Home Insurance Company, et a l .
Address:
59 Maiden Lane
New York, NY

(b)

Named Insured:
The Dow Chemical Company and
Dow Corning Corporation and any Domestic
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly 50% or more of
the combined voting power, and any Foreign
Corporation in which either or both owns or
may own directly or indirectly more than 50%
of the combined voting power;
and Korea
Pacific Chemical Company.
For the purpose of
this
insurance,
Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations owned by Subsidiary Companies and
Corporations of the Named Insured shall be
included as Insureds if the percentage of
ownership is in accordance with the above.

(c)

Limits:
$106,720,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance
Limits:
$106,720,000 each occurrence excess
of primary insurance

HEC4973974

7

J tfrKta

(

33304

57-47»

T H ir U P W t a H U K M C A U - C O M P A N Y

Author

Lab Code Letters

M. E, Skelly

ML

Report Mo.

' Date

ALS 57-47*$*$fl>eo. 8, 1964

AR459

Title and Summary: Isolation and Identification of Possible
Acnegens from the Caustic-Insoluble Portion of the Products.
frorethe 2.^.5-Trlchlorophenol Process (1).
Possible aenesena In the produets from the 2,4,5**trlehlor©phenol
process have been Isolated and Identified. Skin sensitivity
tests on rabbits (performed at the Biochemical Research Labora­
tory) have positively shown 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenro-p-dloxin
to be by far the most severe skin irritant among the group of
eompounds identified.

v

CONnoOiTWA •S'J2J5CTTO NJICnCDON
***•4-4*70;DOY//EPAAGREEMENT9-79
imweram Analytloal Researoh

•

c

J

13

X. B. Bradley
X. X. Coulter
M. 0. DeLlale
H. X. 0111
0.*0. Qoergen
L. M. Oreene
V. S. Raberstroh
T. M. Rose
R. ©. Holmes
R..R. Hoyle
R. L. Johnson
* 0. J. Xalloa •
H. Key

X. N. Luoe
A. P. Lueok
T. R. Morton
R. A. Nyquiat
X. J. Olson
V. J. Potts
Y. X. Rous
R. C. Sauers
R. Q. Seholten
A. R. Sexton
S. A. Shrader
L Silverstela
L. X. Swim

DOW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #4

T. P. fhorsberg
V. B. Trapp
l, B. ©estover *
A. R. Widlge?
M. Wright
R. X. Walker

r. c\ f

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1

0*
03
O
Adistillation residue from the caustic insoluble portion of
_
the 2,4,5-trichlorophenol process shown to cause severe folliculitis Cfl
in rabbits was fractionated by preparative thin-layer chromatography
(TLC). Identification of these separated components was made by ele­
mental analysis, ebulllometrlc molecular weight, infrared and m
ass
spectra. The major component which comprises approximately *0 percent
of the distillation residue (0.6$» of the undlstilled caustic insolubles)
-was positively identified as •2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenso-p-dioxln, an
extremely toxic compound and known acnegen (2,3)* Preparation of
this compound by the chlorination of dlbenzo-p-dloxln provided unambi­
guous structure identification. Eight additional possible acncgens were
. separated, identified, and submitted for tests on rabbits. Solubility
studies did not produce a solvent in which the solubility exceeded 0.2
percent. An analytical method, MLW.64.19, has been developed by
K. H. 0111 for the determination of the acnegen in oaustlo Insoluble
samples.
SU
M
M
A
R
Y

3

s»

LITERATURE SURVEY O
N 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORGDISENZO-p-DIOXIN
•
•
Tetraohlorodlbenso-p-dioxin was first prepared by Magatti in
1880 (4). However, the reaotion route was somewhat ambiguous. Ele­
mental analysis, solubility characteristics and high melting point
did agree with the proposed structure. The literature (C.A.) indicated
* no further activity in this area until 1957. Sandermann, stockman, and
Casten (5) prepared 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodlbenxo-p-dioxln and reported a
. melting ¡point of 320*-325*C. They also reported it caused ohloraene.
Another paper (6) reported this com
pound was harmful to nan and beast«
Tornita, Veda, and Narisada (7) prepared this com
pound and reported a
melting point of 295?C. Occupational chloracne (2) was observed in
31 workors engaged in the production of 2 , 4 , 5 -trlehlorophenol and ita.
transformation to 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetle acid and its esters«
The active acnegen was Isolated and proved to be 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenso-p-dioxln. Tetraohloro and trlehloro dibensofurans were also
found to be active. A technique (3) for testing the monogenie potency
. of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorcdlbenso-p-dloxln on rabbits was described recently.
O
f ’Particular-intercatfthe-authors-prcpared the acnegen—
»by heating
the sodium-salt of 2,4,-5-trichlorophenol**fer 30 houro-at-350-400*C.
Aftcr-reoryatalllsatlon,- the-product-had-a welting point, of 295 -300*0.
PREPARATION OP 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-OIOQtIN

(

The eompound was prepared according to the procedure of Sandermann8
• Stockman, and Casten (5). Eight grams of dlbenso-p-dloxln was dis­
solved in 75 ml. of chloroform. Yraoe amounts of ferric chloride and
"
iodine were added and the mixture was chlorinated at 14*C. for two hours.
' Chlorination was oontlnued for five hours at the boiling point of chloro­
form. Thé insoluble produot was filtered off and reerystalllsed four
times from anisole«
■ — ___
r. r\ r%

DOW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #4

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2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenxop-dloxln

Dibenso-p-dioxln

The compound had a melting point of 303-305*C. and gave the analyala
shown In Table 1. Purity aa estimated by infrared examination was
about 95jf.

TABUS 1
ANALYTICAL DATA FOR SYNTHESIZED
2,3*7»8-TETRACHLORCDIBENZO-p-DIQXIN
Analyala
Found
Theoretical
Carbon, %
45.0
44.7
Hydrogen,’ jf
1.34
1.25
Chlorine, %
44.0
42.7
Naas No.
Molecular, trt.
|l9*
321.97
M
elting
oint
--- P
---303-305*C.
295*(7)295*-30dt3)320-325*{5)
Infrared Examination - agreed with isolated material
•Mass speotroaooplata use 35 for the atomlo weight of chlorine
SOLUBILITY OF 2,3»7»8-TETRACHLORODXBENZO-p-DXOIXXN
IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS

e
Because of the problem in removing 2 , 3 »7 #8 -tetraohlorodlben*o-pdloxln from various surfaces and equipment, the solubility of this eomound was determined in several solvents. Approximately 15-30 mg. of
he compound was placed in eaoh of ten, 10-ml. volumetric flasks. About
eight ml. of the respective solvents were added and the solutions placed
on a warm steambath for four houra. They were thon allowed to equili­
brate at room temperature overnight. All solutions had a solid phase
* present to exclude the possibility of a super-saturated solution, they
were then submitted te H. H. 0111 for gas-liquid chromatographic analysis
After flltorliqs, one pi. of the saturated solution was injected into a
s-liquld chromatograph and compared with a standard in chloroform,
lubilities are given in Table 2.

S

S

DOW CHEMICAL CORP.
15. /g /¿I ^

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ROLL #4

TABLE

2

SOLUBILITY OP 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-p-DIOXIN
in VARIOUS SOLVENTS AT 25*C.

¿oeeeoMotf

Interest was shown In the solubility of the acncgen in the caustie
' insoluble solution. Therefore a synthetic eaustlo-insoluble mixture
was prepared. In order to have the components completely solublized
room temperature, the 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene concentration had to be
• higher than normal.

Solubility

Solvent

o-Dichlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene
Perchloroethylene
-Chlorofrom
Benzene
Acetone
Dimethylsulfoxide (a)
Nethanol
Water
Caustic-Insolubles (b)

g . / l O O ml.

wt. percent

0.18
.080
.068
.055
.047
.009
<.01
.001
<.0005
.24

0.14
.072
.048
.037
.057

.0 1 1

<.01
,001 .

(a) SMS oaused detector fouling and
better value oould not be obtained I
However, solubility does not exceed 0.01 percent.
(b) Composition of synthetic oaustlc Insolublest
44$
38£(

1

5<
2j(
IjS

t

0

1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
2,4,5>trlchloroanl8ole
. 2,^-dichloroanisole
4,6-dlehlororeaoreinol dimethyl other
4,5-dlchlorocatechol dimethyl other
4,5-dlchlorohydroqulnone dimethyl othor

EXAMINATION OF CAUSTIC-IHSOLUBLB RESIDUE 658

»

Caustic-insoluble residue 658, which produced severe folliculitis
on rabbits, was studied initially. TLC examination of tho sample on
0.4 mm. sllloa gel 0 with 10£ chloroform in n-hexane development and
iodine detection indicated tho presence of one major, two minor, and
two traoo components.

Three hundred mg. of this sample was then applied to five prepa­
rative (1.0 m
m
. sllloa gel 0) TLC plates. After development with IQ
S»
• chloroform - hexane solution, three fractions were scraped from the
plate.* These included a middle fraction (Middle) containing the major
component. 2.4.5-trlehloro-anlaole, and fractions above (Top) and
■
*■
—* ■*-*-* - - - - — — 1 aom
oounds W e r e desorbed from the
DOW CHEMICAL CORP.
ROLL #4
K
•*** evaporating to
I*/8 U l - i
|
' "•
**

•

.

■ ....

Die residues were taken up with 10-ad. portions of benzene and ®
submitted to K. J. Olson of the Biochemical Research Laboratory for g*
rabbit testing. An additional solution containing 300 mg. of residue^
638 in 10 ml. of benzene was also submitted. Therefore, the fraction^
which oontains the acnegen should cause a reaction equivalent to that^e
of the unfractionated sample.
Rabbit tests indicated that the Top fraction caused severe folli­
culitis on Tabblts as did the onfractIona ted sample. Gas-liquid chro.aatographio examination of this fraction by H. H. 0111 showed the
presence of a component having the same retention time as 2,3,7,8-tetraehlorodlbenzo-p-dloxin.

THIN-LAYER C
HR
O
M
A
TO
G
R
A
PH
Y EXAMINATION O
P
DISTILLED FRACTIONS CP CAUSTIC INSOLUBLES
H.
H. Gill of the Analytical Laboratory. 5 7 *1 Building, had a
11*3 kg. sample of caustic insoluble sample 667 distilled in the East
Analytical Distillation Laboratory. Ten distillation fractions, to­
gether with a residue fraction were collected. These distillation
fractions were tested on rabbits and found to give a alight to moderato
reaction. However, the distillation residue produced an extremely
severe reaction.
Distillation fractions 8,9, and 10 were examined by TLB on 0.4 emu
silica gel 0 with 25JÉ chloroform-hexane development. All* three fraotlenswere essentially the same with about seven components visible.
•
•
’Fraction 8 was separated into ita major components by preparative,
TLC. Components were identified by their Infrared (8) and mass (9)
spectra. Their identities are listed in Table 3.
TABU

3

COMPONENTS IN DISTILLATION FRACTION 8 FROM •
CAUSTIC INSOLUBLE SAMPLE 687

Component Identity
t,6-DlchlororesorQlnol dimethyl ether
8.3- Dlehlorohydroqulnone dimethyl other
8,3,4-Trlohloroanlsole
8.4.3- Triehloroanlaole
8.4.3- Trlehlorophenol aeobutyl ether
Slnoe none of these compounds is known as an acnegen. and freetion
8 caused only a moderate resotion on rabblta, it was ooneluded that any
aonegen was earrled over in the distillation.
The distillation residue whleh had been shown to cause a severe
reaction was examined by TLC under the same conditions as fraction 8.
Approximately ten eomponents were observed. It was also noted that a
considerable amount of this residue was chloroform-insoluble. This
insoluble material comprised A* percent of the residue. After recry•talllslng a portion of this residue twlee from anlsole, the preduot
Component No

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #4

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I

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-5^
Cave an analysis listed in Table 4. It was concluded that the
5*?
material was positively 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dloxin. The
unrecrystallized product was examined by mass and infrared spectro» ©
metry to exclude or indicate the presence of other significant
C3
insoluble components. Five to ten percent of mass 31o was found.
This component is identified later in this report.
TABLE <
1
ANALYTICAL DATA FOR C
H
LO
R
O
FO
R
MINSOLUBLE
IMPURITY IN DISTILLATION RESIDUE

Analysis
Carbon, %
Hydrogen, jt
Chlorine, %
Mass No.
Molecular Vt.
Infrared Examination
Melting Point

Found

2,3*7,8-Tetraehlorodlbenzo-p-dloxlrt

*5.2
1.42
*3.5
320
313

44.7
1.25
44.0
320
321.97

Identical
303-305*C.
303-305*C.

The chloroform-soluble portion of the residue was fractionated by
preparative TLC on 1.2-mm. silica gel GF^slj with 25£ chloroform in
n-hexane. Final purification of the components was made with 10 to
75% ohloroform-hexane solutions. Those components having lower Rf
values (distance the oomponent travels divided by the distance the
solvent front travels) required higher concentrations of chloroform
in n-hexane and vice versa. Because som
e of the components were
contiguous on the TLC plate.several passes were required to obtain
pure compounds. In som
e instances, a near-pure compound by TLC
could be reorystalllsed from chloroform or n-hexane.
Sight components were Isolated in this manner. These were sub­
mitted to K. J. Olson for rabbit testing at the 0.14 level. Portions
of these staples were also sent to L. B. Vestover (9) for mass spec­
trometry analysis, R. A. Nyqulst for Infrared examination (8),and
the Micro Laboratory for elemental analysis and molecular weight
determination (ebulllometrlc)• From the analytical results,
structures were assigned to the oomponents. Listed below are the
structure assignments for the components formerly designated by
their R« values. Purity determinations, in general, were made by
gas-liquid chromatography (H. U. 0111).

Rf 0.21

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.
ROLL #4
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-OCH^

£
[dimethyl ether

" ■ 'I

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•

TABLE

5

Acnvznr or isolated components on rabbits
no . be

Appi.

4,6-Dlehlororesorelnol dimethyl ether
di(x-Dlchloro-x-methoxyphenyl) ether
x-2 1 chloro-x»methoxyphenyl x-trlohloro-x-methoxyphenyl ether

13
6

x-Tetrachloro-x-methoxydibenso-p-dioxin

6

x-Triehlero-x-methoxydibenzo-p-dioxln
2,^,5-Trlchloropheny1 x-dlchloro-x-methoxyphenyl ether

10
18

2,4,5-Trlehlorophenyl x-trlchloro-x-methoxyphenyl ether

10

Day« of

Exposure

Degree of

pgmsHmu.

Moderate (a)
14
20(a); None (b)
None (b) (f)
7
7
14

.None (b)

6

25
7

None
None £b)

8#3«7#8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

3

7

Extremely
Severe (d)

x-fetrachlerodltoenxo-p-dlaxln

8

14

Moderate to
Severe (e)

Moderate (0)

(b)

Tested at the l£ level. A standard sample Is being rerun’
that traoe impurities may he eausing a reaction.
Testa have not been completed.

(c)

A repurlfled sample (RfO.56-1) is toeing tested.

(d)

found to toe active at the 4 x 10"^ and 4 x 10*^ % level.

(e)

Beoause of the proximity of the 2#3#7#8-tetra-on the TLC plate , this sample contains
1-2f of the very active component. The results of rabbit tests must be considered
in v ^c m of this.

viceefl'»oo

/? f

(f) Purity is about 6o£.

-7

eliminate the possibility

pnr.T. #4

(s)

(f)

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

Cocapound

CONCLUSION

CC
(C
CO

Nine components have been Isolated from a distillation
residue of the caustic Insoluble portion of the 2,A*5-trichlorophenol prooess. The major component
in this residue has
'been shown to cause severe folliculitis in rabbits* It has been
positively identified as 2,3,7*8-tetrachlorodiben*o-p-dioxin by
analysis and comparison of a prepared standard* Eight additional
possible acnegens were isolated* identified and tested* They
showed varying degrees of activity* however* none were as active
as the major component. Solubility studies in nine solvents did
not produce one solvent in which solubility exceeded 0.2J*.

A
C
K
N
O
W
LED
G
EM
EN
T
The author would like to acknowledge the generous help of
R. A. Nyquist, L. B. Vestover* and 0. J. Kalloa of the Chemical
Physics Research Laboratory for structure determinations* H* H.
0111 of the Analytical Laboratory for gas chromatographic analysis,
K. J. Olson of the Biochemical Research Laboratory for aonegenlo
testing* and the Micro Laboratory for the many elemental analyses*

bb

f

DOW

CHEMICAL

CORP.

ROLL

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8

#4
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• .

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43«

1.

Skelly, N. E.
374 Building

AR^59 pp. 1-78, Special Services Laboratory,

•

—

• 2.

Kiratoig, J. and Schulz, K. H., Dermatologlcia, 115«
540 (1957).

3.

Jones, E. L. and Krizek, H., J. Invest. Dermatol. 39,
511-1& (1962).

4.

Magatti, 0.,

5.

Sanderoaim, W., Stockmann, H., and Casten, R., Cham. Bar.
go, 690-2 (1957).

6.

Sandermann, V., Casten, R., Krasting. V., and Pieper, J.,
.Holzforsch, u. Holzverwert, 10, No. 4, 57 (1958).

7.

Tomila. M., Ueda, S., and Narisada, M., Yakugaku, Easshi,
12» l86-(1959).

8.

Nyqulst, R. A. Reports 166^34, 166922, 166938, 167128,
167284, 167313. Chemical Physics Research Laboratory,
1603 Building.

9«

Westover, L. B., and Kallos, Q. J., Reports 166435» 166464,
Chemical Physics Research Laboratory, 1603 Building.

B. 13, 227 (L880).

a

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.
I 2. h

ROLL #4
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33316

COMPANY AND LITERATURE REFERENCES

T

THE

DOW

CH EM ICAL

COMPANY

(

MIDLAND DIVISION
January 26. 1965

L. C. Chamberlain
Executive Research
566 Building
cn.
ct
00
CJl
ct
cs

cc: X. E. Coulter
V.T. E. Haberstroh
G. G. Goergen
R. C. Sauers
SUBJECT:

TRICELQROPHENOL RESEARCH

The following is a summary of the problem concerning
Trichlorophenol-Chloracne and the various attacks on
the problem by currently active research units. I
have also included several suggestions for work beyond
that immediately planned. If you have suggestions or
questions concerning this problem please contact the
writer.
Very truly yours,

Benzene “ 'search Laboratory
W
3ullu*ng

10

^

C7S>
C O N F ID E N T IA L,
G

I /m

/(*$

Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Court Order. "Agent -v i
Orange" Product Liability V—
Litigation, t.'DL No. 281 G

f\ . <L

-1
The Problem:
To design a manufacturing process for 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
which is economical and safe particularly fro m the s tand—
point of w o r k ers' e x posure to chloracne exciters.
. _____

ONa

1

NaOCHa

+ (CHa)aO
Cl

+ NaCl
AH

•

•

Ù ÏÏ?

-»4 KCal/mo]

-38 KCal/mòl

Cs

Known chloracne exciters found as impurtles:

Cl

■ V Cl
■n

¿ c ° x c ' Cl

CT •
O''
-.. . C o — .
CJT

r’’

NJ
k

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzodlazln

©

2,3 *7 j ^ T e trachlorodibenzodiCKin

..
■ sstii

Conditions w h i c h m i n imize Dio x i n formation:

"2. Non-aqueous solvent (needs Confirmation)

*

Conditions w h i c h f avor higher rates of conversion:
1. Higher Temperatures
2. N o n - a q u e o u s solvent

•

.

"*r

However) the d i s a d v a n t a g e of the non-aqueous solvent sy s t e m
is the precip i t a t i o n o f NaCl w h i c h can plug a tube reactor.
Wit h this inform a t i o n i n mind, the following alternatives
are seen:

C O N F ID E N T IA L ____________________

_______

• V t ile vc hare o r ig in a l Dov d a ta on tempera to re , th is in fo rm a tio n io
Disclosure Restricted SijrgbaBkrt o f th e kn ev-h o v v h ie h ve hare purchased aad ip « o b je c t to
“^>urt Order. "Ag^ptseertC y Agreement.
L.rfrfge" Product Liabu.ty
. . .
Litigation, MDL No. ’■wt
T i
Procedure

i

As- x '

O.
O'
■si.

ro
o

Continuous Process
A. Aqueous solvent
j
1. Complete conversion
2. Incomplete -conversion
a) w i t h recycle
•b) separate hydrolysis of anlsole

Cl
c:
03

CJl

B. Non-Aqueous Solvent
1. Complete conversion
2. Incomplete conversion
a) recycle
. b) separate hydrolysis of anlsole
C. Other solvent systems

\

Som e of the other solvents that have b e e n tried on
this reaction Include:

It Is entirely possible that same other solvent or
solubilizer might produce deslreable results. Dloxane
has not been tried and If stable at high pH and a /150*C.*
could be Interesting.
' V"»‘*

D.

Other miscellaneous variables:
•some other variables w h i c h have bee n studied in
the Benzene R e s e a r c h Laboratory Include:

confidential^
isclosure Restricted PursuSr^
o Court Order. "Agent
range" Product Uabil.ty ^
itigation, MDL No. 381

i/ n / i s - j

Procedure.

In order t o facilitate the design of a reactor the
Benzene R e s e a r c h Laboratory (Widiger. Poffenberger,
Neumann and three hourly technicians) is gathering
various data (kinetic, phase, calorimetric and
analytical) on part XI A above, the aqueous solvent
continuous system.
This is presently viewed by the
engineers ‘and' plant"people as -the alternative most
likely to succeed the soonest.
Skelly and Gill at 57*t Analytical Laboratory have
laid seme excellent ground wor k for the analysis of
chloracne exciters.
We are continuing to work with
t h e m t o l earn more in this area.

'

The Chemical Physics Laboratory (Ken Bradley, Art
Erbel and assistants) is working on II B, the nonaqueous system.
Bradley feels that his .kinetic and
conversion dat a are nearly complete and that the
salt p r o b l e m can be worked out.
The engineers thus
far have not viewed this approach w i t h enthusiasm. .
Bradley also has one or two long r a n g e ideas for
alternative processes but these are not mature
enough to spend time on now.

J

cn
a
oc
cn
-a
•ro

No one is looking further at II C a l t hough the
B e n z e n e R e s e a r c h Laboratory expects t o d o more on
this a t a later date.
If another laboratory would
like t o take a f r e s h look at the problem, I would
suggest this area.
Any o n e getting into this w o r k should be sure to
b rief hims e l f thoroughly o n the potential danger
of the chloracne exciters and h o w they are formed
a n d handled.
.
;

W. 3. T r a p p

1-26-65

CONFIDENTIAL
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant*—
To Court Order. "Agent
Orange" Product Liability
Litigation, MDL No. 381
to

i /a.t / t S ■ ^

Procedure

13

INj
Tfli

.U L'

M ID LA N D

D IV IS IO N

MIDLAND. U!£H!S£»
nAA.
CONFIDENTIAL

Herrr Dr. Hans Kerz
Director cf Production
C. H. Bcehrinser Sohn
Ir.za1he in.an Rhe In

ro
VN
VN
ro

C3

u? . :*:erz:

00
CTI
CO

very such appreciated the opportunity to talk with you
yesterday and 1 have summarized below our understanding
of she essential elements cf our conversation, as you
suggested.
JM *
JiJl J I M J M # *» » l M **
” 5

n r

i**4

s n r « it

cn

5TT

At the cutset I explained to you that there were four Dow
people on three telephones here.
I then introduced Mr.
Silversteln, Dr. Henry Tclkmith, who would be on hand to
handle any necessary translation, and finally, Mr. Dylewski,
ar. engineer concerned with the development of a new process
for 2,^-,5-Trichlorophenoi. We then began with a series of
sedical questions posed by Mr. Silverstein.
Silverstein:
1. We have isolated and. identified a symmetrical and an
unsymsetrical isomer of tetrachlorodibenzodlaxin. The
symmetrical isomer is ”2,3*6,7" (German notation) and
the unsysaetrleal is "2,3*o,o". Limited animal
experimentation indicates that the unsyacnetrical isomer
is much less active. Have ycu any i-^i-Tnation on the
relative activity of these two lsaae
•Answer: "No, we stepped research - i
Do ycu have any liver biopsy speciae
our K.D.’s to study?
Answer: nNo, since we have had no m
years.
Have the liver function tests or ki_.. .
used on your chioracne cases been published anywneic .
Answer: “Do not know".

CONFIDENTIAL

ers

o
o
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Court Order. “Agent
<!
Orange" Product Liability,
o
LitigaUQO. M.QL No. 381
c:
ProçsiJyreL

&

14

*Hi

-

2-

1-23-65

Di- 7 cu note any increased incidence of diabetes in your
chlcracne patients, cr did any diabetics with chloracne
suffer aggravation of their diabetic condition?
7 ,-—
a»rw

DOW 1'668530

Did you study catechol amines or ketosteroids in your
chieracne cases?
Answer:
"Do not know".
Dr. I-'err said that he would check further into those
questions which were answered above as "Do not know". -

Dylewski (Engineer): He explained that we are considering
a distilled grace of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-T) as
part of our product requirement.
Dr. y-srz reiterated that.Eoehringer1s management had decided
net to cistill this material because of the danger of the
formation of chloracne inciting materials.
Mr. Dylewski was nevertheless interested to hear more about
Eoehringer1s experience with the distillation and thereupon
proceeded to describe his proposed procedure and to Invite
Dr. Mers's comments.

Dr. Merz said that they formerly distilled 2,4,5-t in copper
equipment operating with a sump temperature in the range
of 130-150eC. Chloracne inciters were formed presumably
because of residual .cations (Ha) in the phenol which
produced Ha -trlchlorophenate thus leading to the formation
of dlexin compounds. Mr. Dylewski asked if Dr. Merz could
name a particular concentration of salt below which it would
be safe to operate a distillation. Dr. Merz would not name
a cslerable level but suggested that a water extraction
could be better affected by use of a retainer solvent such
as msohrlene chloride or chlorobenzol for the 2,4,5-T.

CONFIDENTIAL
©
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant?
To Court Order. “Agent
^
Orange" Product Liability
Litigation, MDL No. 3 8 t *
Di

Procedure,

Dr. Hans*-Merz

1-28-65

-3-

;
f

SbìSB

DOW 1568537

.Dr. Merz was asked IT he knew what the material of con­
struction of the reactor autoclave was, and he replied,
/
••'In closing, Dr. Trapp Informed Dr. Kerz that we had not
yet received the secrecy agreement papers from Boehrlnger
and Dr. Merz said that he would check immediately on this
because he was certain that they were completed and had
assumed that they had been mailed.
JUt JUl JUt JUl JUl JUl JUt JUt

JrJr JJu

u fi

u u

TTjT

7T7r

// //

J7T

Wir danken Ihnen nochmals für Ihre weiterer Unterstützung,
D r . Merz.
mlt freundllchen grussen,

.......... . . .

Walter B. Trapp
Assistant Director
Benzene Research Laboratory
474 Building

*..

.
t.
-a,-..%•...vi..
1

be:

Hamburg Office (Qrote/Kube)
G. A . Qriesa
... .S. W. Dylewski
.......
L. Silverstein

CONFIDENTIAL o

.

o
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant^
To Court Order. “Agent
Orange" Product Liability
S
Litigation, MDL No. 3 8 ^

Procedure.

..

r,'T *
THE
r
i
\

midland

DOW

C H E I/.: C A L

COMPANY

division

January 28, 1965

cc:

ro
va
vi
ro

jpment

DOW 1 568614

K. E. Coulter
Midland Division
Research and Dev*
566 Building

R. C. Sauers
W. H. Kaberstroh

SUBJECT :

C. H. BCEHRINGER SOHN CONTRACT

In December, 19 6^ we agreed verbally with the Boehringer
Company to pay them/
for process information on
2,4,5-Trichlorophenol. Concerning the terms, they agreed
that we would pay them only after we were satisfied that
we had solved our problem.
The Boehringer people have been extremely cooperative and
genuinely concerned for our problem from the standpoint
of the potential for human suffering.
It is my feeling that we have reached a point where we
should pay Boehringer either In part or In whole.
Cur analyses of their samples show < 1 0 ppm dioxin and
after considerable study of all the data they have
furnished I feel that we can be confident that they
have provided valid Information. Furthermore, I am
confident that they will continue to cooperate with us
even if we are no longer holding a check over their head.
Therefore, X would suggest that we arrange to pay them .
either/'
Immediately with the remainder coming
along In about six weeks, or the entire [ __
in one
shot. Between these alternatives I personally prefer
the latter because I see no reason to imply that we feel
a need to hold a check over their head In order to get
further Information If needed. Again, X am completely
confident that they will continue to cooperate with us
even after being paid In full.

CONFIDENTIAL S
o

j

Disclosure Restricted Pursuani.^
Tu
Older. "Agent
OrangV r'lcduc*. Liad...ty
Lt.guucn, K'iuL No. 331
£*

Procedure.

AJl17

K. 2. Csulter

-2

1-28-65

DOW l 5G8UXÜ

I suggest that we should tell thea when we pay them that
we are satisfied that they have provided information
that we need for safe operation but that we aay still
want to consult further with them.as our work proceeds.
Please contact me if you have further questions or
C OC222C»* « v •

Very truly yours,

/•

j=enzer.e Research Laboratory
*7^ Building
dea

CO NFIDE N T IA L
o
Disclosure Restricted Pursti&U
To Co-u Order. "Agent
Orange" Product Liability*^
Ltigaiion, MOL No. 331 0 0 «

1

Procedure.

THS

DOW

CHEM ICAL

COM PANY

February 5»-9~5

o
►—
ro

Herrn Dr. Hans Mers
Director of Production
C. H. Boehringer Sohn
Ingelheim am Rhein
West Germany

C G G 8 9 S I Mflfl

r\3

De air Dr. Merz:
We are pleased to be able to send you approximately 20 g. of
a chloracnegen-containing chloroanlsole oil which we hope
will be useful to you for rabbit experiments. An analysis
of this substance shows about 0.8^ by weight of 2,3»6,7*
\
(your numbering) tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. It may be of
interest to you that this material caused moderate folliculitis
on a rabbit ear after two applications. The material, was
applied as a 3# (by weight) solution in benzene. Herr
Silverstein says that he is confident that a single applica­
tion would have caused the same result.
The sample, identified as # 6 5 8 oil, is leaving today via air­
mail.
Best personal regards.

Sincerely yours,

falter 3. Trapp
Assistant Director
Benzene Research Laboratory
47- Bldg.

•

CONFIDENTIAL
sc : Hamburg Office (Grote/Kuhe)
G. A. Griess
L. Silverstein

_
0

Disclosure Restricted Pursuant « .7
To Court Order. "Agent
Orange" Product Liability
CO
Litigation, MDL No. 331
«C

À

Procedure.

l\
1 9

y y i'

\

'it.«*• r *
-■V* •>■•■■

IfcfrtJSL**10M
n

D e a r D r. M em:
We w ere p le a s e d to l e a r a t h a t our s a n p le o f c h l o r a n i s o l e o i l a r r i v e d
s a f e l y , a s r e p o r te d i n y o u r l e t t e r o f P e o ru a ry 23 , 1965*
The c h e n ic a l a n a ly s e s o f y o u r s a n p le s o f 3 a T r ie h lo r o p h e n a te s o l u t i o n
and th e A a is o le o i l h a v e b e e n co m p leted and th e s e r e s u l t s a r e e n c lo s e d .
We e x p e c t to co m p lete so n e i n t e r e s t i n g a n i a a l t e s t i n g on th e s e m a t e r i a l s
i n a b o u t two weeks and w i l l se n d th o s e r e s u l t s a s so o n a s we h av e th e n .

DOVI 1-5G8557

D i r . D r . Haas Merc
C . H. S o e h r iu g e r Sohn
I n g e ih e in a a 2 h e in
W est G ernauy

I a n e n c lo s in g a d e s c r i p t i o n o f ou r gas c h r o n a to tr a p h y n e th o d .
H e r r S i l v e r s t e i n h a s g iv e n ne a copy o f " T o x ic o lo g ic a l P r o p e r t i e s o f
T r i c a l 0ro b ea se n o " f o r y o u and th i3 i s e n c lo s e d a l s o .
E lu d e s t p e rso n a l re g a r d s .

S in c e re ly ,
V /a lte r 2 . Thann

CONFIDENTIAL"
Disclosure ResVicted. PurSùÂÉi «
To'Court Order* “A ient r ^ 1 ;.-*: t “"
Orange” Product LiibtF.ty?*
Litigation, N'iDL No. .o H I.
Procedure

•I.

' ‘ GLC ANALYSIS OP Your 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenate Solution
The phenate solution was acidified, the resulting.oil layer
amounting to 175« of the sample.
The "lights" shown in the
analysis include dichloroanisole, 2,4,5-trichloroanisole
and three dichlorodimethoxybenzenes.
Any 2 , 3 » 6-Trichlorophenol -ls--lncluded in the 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol peak.

Weight Percent

Component.
"Lights"
Dichlorophenol
Water
2 , 4 , 5-Trichlorophenol
2-Methoxy-4,5-dichlorophenol
45-

2.9

: .ct
'.C O
C7
'JUT...
■-•CO

0.8
1.4

91.8

.

0.3

'.'ethoxy-2 ,5 -<iichlorophenol J
r'ethoxy-2,4-dichlorophenol )

2,3,6,7 and 2,3,6,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

2.7

•V

0.3 p.p.m.

(T h re s h o ld =

L-

The Anisóle Fraction

< 0 .1

o-Dichlorobenzene
p-DIchlorobenzene
. ...
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene
1,3,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
Diehloroanisoles
Trichloroanisole
Catechol and Hydroquinone dimethyl ethers
Resorcinol dimethyl ether

o

<.0.1

.. . .

21.0

0.1
0.7

•

9.1

■ 6 1.0

..

3*3 4.8

2,3,6,7 and 2 , 3 , 6,8 Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

<10 p.p.m. (Threshold =
"......................

II.

.

.10 p p a )

INFRARED ANALYSIS
This work Is In progress and will be forwarded to you
later.
*:• ••-••••
“•

c o n f id e n t ia l ;

* i • »

Disclosure Restricted Pursua© ■ '.
To Court .Order. ^'‘Agent -GD‘ '
Orange" Product Liability
Litigation, M DLNo'.'3$l "

Procedure_:

ANALYSIS OF CAUSTIC INSOLUBLE O I L AND 2,4,5-TRICHLOROPHENOL
FOR COMPOSITION B Y GAS-LIQUID CHR O M A T O G R A P H Y
■_
The following analysis may be made on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol
by GLC.
The following conditions are used:
.
.Column
'Packing

:

Temperature:
Detector

:

12 feet x 1/4- inch SS
3 o £ 'Sorbitol in Chromosorb* W 80/100 m e s h

• .

1 5 0 -C. on column,
injection port ’

•

250*C.

on

Hydrogen flame or thermal conductivity

Sample Size:

Dependent on detector used

H e l i u m or
Nitrogen :
F low

Adjusted so that the 2,4,5-trichlorophenol r e tention time is 16 to 18 minutes

.J'OV •
' Ct-: CO
CT v

CJT

■

.VCD

Using the above conditions, the following components may be
determined, if present. They are listed in order of. elution. -V

p-Dichlorobenzene
. *\"
1,2,4— Trichlorobenzene
)
1.2.4.5- Tetrachlorobenzene) as ne comPonent
2,5 and 3,4-DlchIoroanisole - as one component *»•
2.4.5-Trichloroanlsole
.......
2.5Dichloro-l,4-dimethoxybenzene
4-,5-Dlchloro-l, 2-dime thoxybenzene
2,4-Dichloro-l,5-dl^ethoxybenzene
Dichlorophenols (2,4-2,5-and 2,6-).
.<•
* g» • « " • *.» > •
2.4.6- Trichlorophenol- .
2.3.6-Trichlorophenol
1.:.
2.4.5- Trichlorophenol
4.5Dlchloro-2-methoxyphenol
•2.4-Dichloro-5-methoxyphenol) __
2.5- Dlchloro-4-methoxy phenol ;•as one co:nPor»ent

;

'

2,3,4- t ichlorophenol, if present, a, fears w i t h 2 , 4 , 5 - t r i ­
chlorophenol.
A representative c h r o m a t o g r a m is attached.
Analysis of caustic insoluble oil or anisoles is .performed
u s i n g the following conditions:

****••.^/.■*’*' '*■*’*•*.<*

.

•C o l u m n

'

Packing

. :

-

...

,

.

.— .t.-"*.';

8 feet x 1/8 inch SS

2o£ Carbowax 20 M alkaline on
■ /.Chromosorb P 60/80 m e s h

Temperature:

Programmed - 100°C. to 250°C. at
:'4°C. per minute.
250°C
oniinjection
.
- 11
\v..v. port
••
•.
••
....:...
r-.t. —
■■•
•'
'• -- ■■'■v'W ..
.Detector
^
Hydrogen flame or thermal conductivity..
.■•.-* ... v
Sample Size: -Dependent on dete
. . v*. •.

^

. 1 .

r

C Q S l F j Q E N T t A l ■- I

-or used.

*

. ~

* . . 1 '

‘. ^'sclosurè-iRKtricted Pursuatkl •'
■ ~o Court Orâêr JvÀgint ‘
''
Orange" Pròdtfcf Liability — C t '
litigation, MDt :Nc. 331
•
•

Procedure

22

4'

’Helium or
■' .Nitrogen :
■ '
Plow

Components are eluted .in the following order,

o asöns’ I MOO

Adjusted so that the 2,4,5-trichlofoanisole retention time is about 28 minutes.
if present

m-Dichlorobenzene
p-Dichlorobenzene
. o-Dichlorobenzene
• m-Chloroanisole
■'p-Chloroanisole
'
•1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,2,3-Trlchlorobenzene
1,2,'4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene
2.4- Dlchloroanisole
: x,x-Dichloroanlsole
1.2.5.4Tetrachlorobenzene
2.4.5- Trichloroanisole
»
2.5- Dichloro-l,4-dimethoxybenzeneIas one component
4.5- Dichloro-l,2-dlmethoxybenzene)
4.6- Dichloro-l,3-dimethoxybenzene

**.-*»1.

•

A representative chromatogram, is included.

-t

..The Dow Chemical Company
Midland.,.Michigan
■U.S.A.
». i*.

'

r

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i ' , • • ... »

^
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- • «:
'• .*
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’ *v/ .• ."1* • - ®* *...•*

• •* V,*' ’

'■ ' V
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*1 ‘

..............
h t •>: ».

. CONFIDENTIAL:-;
•

' ‘"‘O ’
-

Disclosure. Restricted P\£SU3r.t •;
To Court Order,
Orange'1.'-Frôd’-ict.ÙitiiiSÿJr ì ' l »- ■
Litigätion,; tvrûL.'.N,o’.‘. ô o i-*; •' r ■;

]'£'fá.:5 '“S
P r o c e d u r e __ :

X. Ho«#.

r»vy

X.
V.
R.
K.
Z>.
cc;

J.

D.

C. B a r r o n *
L. C o r b i n
C. H o f f
R. H o y l o
E. P i a t c h e r

TtonuAnv u, 1965
v. v.. cm
L.
C.
C.
f.
I.

Sllvtrstele
E. O t h
E. t . ynn
C. A n s i u l »
C. S l a e h l l n f

Doeden*

*

O t i s i n t r o d u c e d t h e m e n M n j by i n d i c a M n » * D i s c r o c c o t
I n f o r m a t i o n i n d i c a t e * " E x c i t e r " c o m p o n e n t s n a y be p r o w n t
lfl Do» 2 . 4 | S - t r l c h l o r o p h e n o l .
Q inprnducls ts concerned
a b o u t 2 ,«it i*-7 i c i f l , v M c r * , f o r r . u l a t t o r . * , m l l v e x , r o n . - . c l ,
sod Erbvn.
This
id to r o v ic » s t a t u s oi our
kaowledc* o i t h i s s u b j e c t , putcn-tial h az ard s, p u suiblo
e f f o c t o n Dow i m a ^ o , l e g a l 1 o p l i c a t i o n s , a n d n e e d l o r
posslbis quarantine.
T h e s e b a s i c d e c i s i o n s a r o t o be
sad» w ith o u t c o n s i d e r * cion of r c o n o m c i n p a c t .

meeting

W

W
&
® M k

.

S u a n a r i s l o z p a n t e x p * r i v n c c s , V. K. Rowe b a l d t h a t Do» h a d
s o c h i o r a c n « p r o b l e m * r u l a t c d t o t r i c h 1o r n p ! i » n o l p r o d u c t i o n
/ o r 25 y e a r s u n t i l p r o c e s s c h a n g e s » e r e e f f e c t e d i n i h o o p r l n . ;
of 1964.
b a s e d o n r e s e a r c h i n f o r m a t i o n a c c u m u l a t e d o v e r tr.»
y e a r s , son« i d e a s hav e been put t o g e t h e r r e g a r d i n g the l i k e l y
compound» w h i c h g i v e r i s e t o t h i s p r o b l e m .
Tho 2 , 3 ,.’» . * t e t r a c h i o r o d i b e n z o d l o x l n has been p r e t t y v e i l e s t a b l i s h e d
as a possible contaminant.
A l s o , t h e r e i s ku .
indication
o f the p o s s i b l e p r e s e n c e of th e 2 , 3 , 7 ,9 fieriva
’* a n d t wo
o t h o r c o m p o n e n t s d e s i g n a t e d a s " U n k n o w n No. 1 “ a*.». " Un k n o wn
xo.

•* •kv*.V.*

r\

H o y l o r . a i d t h a t t h u r a b b i t t e s t » i l l d e t e c t *1 p p b o f t h e
2 ,3 .7. b-dio*in.
VPC » i l l d e t e c t 0 . 2 - 0 . ; , ppr . o l Che 2 , D . 7 ,.bd i o x i n I n t r 1C h l o r o p b v n o i .
A l s o , VPC » i l l d e t e c t ah*»ut 5 . 0 ppm
o f t h # 2 , 3 , 7 , B - d i o x l n In 2 , 4 , 5- T a c i d .
( Dy p h o n e o n I v h . l U . l ' J h S
H o y l o I n d i c a t e d t o t h e w r i t e r D i a l i t i s n o » f o i l t h a t VCP
w i l l d e t e c t 1 .0 ppm.)
I n s a m p l e » r h e r k f d f r o m O c t o b e r , 1 9 «*l, t o t h e p r e s e n t , n o
d i o x i n » a s f o u n d I n t r i c h l o r n p l i e n o l uar . «pl >s 1 ' «» J '*'.1 b l d g ,
u s in g the animal t e n t .
T h e a n i m a l tt-s: ,;t*
’-mme
a c t i v i t y i n o n e i. a m p l e o f a f l i t e r c;,k»*
»« »>, > v n i c i l
i m p u r i t i e s rcnov»d in T-aclt! p r o i o s i n ; : .

1

1

7

h

*J .

a>iifyi,h'
<r''~*^ 11

>.

_

iSXg&ZT* Z ; . f .
¿f

‘- ?_*

-3-

Settlag of limit« «>f analytical methods and correlation of
YFC and a a im a l tojt data *ro not complete.

Vlgbteen application» at 4 ppb in TCP represents the threshold
for aolaal reaction.
•

#*«

Tea exposufes acJO.S ppm la TCP gives a mild reaction.
One exposure at 40 ppm io TCP gave a positive reaction.
It 1» encouraging to note that exacting test» bave indicated
b o evidence of .liver damage la exposed operators.
Zt vis
s p e e d that P.oee should move ahead with contact «1th U.S.
Public Health Service and Department of Agriculture repre­
sentatives as soon as our scientific data is better correlated,
full cooperation will be offered as regards analytical, testing,
and toxicological,information.
Process details are not to be
revealed.
Also,^contact* are to be nade «1th other companies
«bo manufacture trlchlorophenol, namely, Diamond, Monsanto,
Hercules, and Hooker.
Rove planned to contact his counterpart
in Monsanto on February 10, 1D63. Where he does not have
established contacts, he «ill suggest that Lo* Corbko take
care of discussions. Thompson-Hayward co not make trlcnloropbenol but aro aware of and have been io discussion vltb Doe
O B this problem.
It «as agreed that V. K. Tow* should serve as Drr» contact for
any lnqulrios'.which come to anyone in Do« regarding the "Exciter
problem.
Also,’’Rove Is to serve as a focal point and advise
regarding possible hazards *hlch nay result from the sale of
trlchlorophenol derived bioproducts until this situation is
fully resolved. Staehllng Summarized analytical data on
process saaples of trlchlorophenol as follows:
Pate

Uoknovn
K o .l

1963: June
Oct.

<i

1964: Feb.
June
Sept.
Nov.
Pec.

2
3
2S
3
3-

196 J: Jan.7
Feb. 8
Feb.IS

3

8
10.

3

Calc ' d
Dioxin .

2,3,7,8
Dioxin

Uakiu «
No. :

o
< o .s

<»
< o .s

6
14

<1
<1

<i

<1
(0,5

<i

2
4
20
S
3

4
7
4S

9
20
10

17

2,3,7,0
Dioxin

< o .s
<ro.s

<0.i
<1.0

6 *
0.8
<0.s
0.8
<0. 3
<1

6

17

6
30
13

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Bight««n application« at 4 ppb in TCP r«pr«««fits the threshold
for animal reaction.
T« b exposufea

at*6.8 ppm inTCP gives « Mild reaction.

One exposure at 40 ppm io TCP gave a positive reaction.

I t 1« sttcouraglng to not« that exacting tests have indicated
evidence of .liver damage io exposed operators. It v u
agreed that Rove should «ova ahead vith contact vith U.S.
Public Health Service and Department of Agriculture repre­
sentatives as soon as our scientific data is better correlated.
Pull cooperation vll\ be offered as regards analytical, testing,
and toxicological,information.
Process details are not to be
revealed.
Also,^contacts are to be nade vith other companies
vbo manufacture trlchlorophenol, r.anely, Diamond, llonsanto,
Hercules, and Hooker.
Rove planned to contact his counterpart
la Monsanto on February 10, 1065. Where he does not have
established contacts, he «ill suggest that Low Corbin take
care of discussions. Thompson-Hayward cio not make trlchloropbenol but aro avare of and have been io discussion vith Doe
OD this problem.
do

It vis agreed that V. K. Hove should serve as Dov contact for
any lnqulrlos^vhich come to anyone in Dow regarding the "Exciter1
problea.
Also,**Rove Is to serve as a focal point and advise
regarding possible hazards which nay result from the sale of
trlchlorophenol dorlveu bioproducts until this situation is
fully resolved. Staehltng summarized analytical data on
process samples of trlchlorophenol aa follows;
Pat«

1963; June
Oct,
1964: Feb.
June
Sept.
Nov.

Dec.

1965: Jan.7
Feb.9
Feb.15

t■*

*•

Unknown
Ko. 1

2,3,7,9
Dioxin

2,3.7,8

Ifokm

Dioxin

No. :

<1
3

<1

<0.5

<»

<o.s

6
14

2
3
25

<1
<1
<1

<1
6 •
<1

2
4
20

3'
3-

S
Id.
3

<0.5
<0.5

o.s
<o.s

Cslc'd as
Dloxln.1 +

5
3

0.8

9

a-*

20

10

28

4*7

Staehling lndicatod that there was sows evidence that
through & process change he could c o m up with trichlori
pheool showing less than 1 ppm of "Unknown No. 1", each
of the dioxins, and MUnknown Ho. 2***
After considerable discussion
It was agreed to set a
specification of trichlorophenol for bioproducts use to
Include the designation that none of the dioxins should
be present within a sensitivity of 1 ppm and that the
specification for the two “Uokoowns" should be 10 ppv
maximum. This specification should continue until
suitable correlation between bio-assay and analytical
data are shovo to warrant changing the specifications.
Bonnel Bade from trichlorophenol (sample, 2-8-6S) (no ppm
of Ho. 1 plus Ho. 2) will be quarantined unless the bio—
assay Is negative. It was agreed not to use the 2-18
staple of trichlorophenol (13 ppm) for ronnel Baoufaclure.
A pre-shipment sample of Monsanto T-acid showed 10 pp* of
the 2,3,7,ft-dioxln. Analytical data will be obtained on
the shipment received and compared with Dow reforence
samples before a decision IS made whether to use nr roturo
tbe T-acid.
(NOT2: Hoylo indicated on Feb. 19, 1968, that
this shipment shoved 3 to 7 ppm of the dioxin.
It was agreed to meet Feb. 22, 1968, to decide on the
disposition of the Monsanto T-acld.

fftP
D. X. Fletcher
Bioproduets Department

2 9

r

_____
^

.

THE

DOW

C H EM IC A L

CO M P A N Y

MIDLAND, M ic h ig a n
J£>"ch 5 , 1965

i . - ^ r
H. L . G ordon, M. D.
M e d ic a l D e p a rtm e n t
607 B u ild in g
cc:

D r . B . 3 . H o ld e r , M e d ic a l D e p a rtm e n t, 607 B u ild in g
D r . C . G. K ra m e r, M e d ic a l D e p a rtm e n t, 607 B u ild in g
D r . H. H. G ay, M e d ic a l D e p a rtm e n t, 607 B u ild in g
D r . R. D . S t e w a r t , M e d ic a l R e s e a rc h , 607 B u ild in g
L . G. S l l v e r s t e l n , B io c h e m ic a l R e s e a rc h , 1701 B u ild in g
__H . R . H o y le ,. B io c h e m ic a l R e s e a rc h , 1701 B u ild in g
E . M. Adams, B io c h e m ic a l R e s e a rc h , 1701 B u ild in g
V . K. Rowe, B io c h e m ic a l R e s e a rc h , 1701 B u ild in g
K. J . O ls o n , B io c h e m ic a l R e s e a rc h , 1701 B u ild in g
T 3 6 . 2 5 -6 6 6 3 1 -2

THE INEFFECTIVENESS OP WASHING AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN
THE FORMATION OF F O L L IC U L IT IS IN THE RABBIT EAR FOLLOWING
REPEATED APPLICATIONS OF SYMMETRICAL TETRACHLORQDIBENZOD IQ X IN
§

Problem
To examine the effectiveness of washing with soap and water
as a prophylactic measure in the control of folliculitis
produced in the rabbit ear by repeated applications of various
concentrations of symmetrical tetrachlorodibenxodloxin.
^

Materials Used

O.OlJf and O.OOljf symmetrical tetraohlorodibenzodioxln isolated
from caustic Insoluble oil.
Vehicle - Benseoe
Soap - Dial
Tap Water

nx
Washing Procedure

.
f

* \

Cars vert thoroughly mashed with rich eoap lather for JO
toconde and subsequently r insed la copious Mounts of freely
flowing tgn water« after which they ware blotted dry with

. *
>«

»

f
2 -

Doctor Oordoo

March 5, 1965

E xp o au re Tim es S e le c te d F o r Study
1) Ten seconds ( u n t i l benzene e v a p o r a te s ), 2 )
and 3 ) f o u r h o u rs .

two h o u ra ,

fw

E x p e r im e n ta l P rocedure
The e f f e c t iv e n e s s o f w ash ing w it h aoap and w a te r aa a p ro ­
p h y la c t ic m easure was s tu d ie d i n th e la b , by r e p e a te d ly
a p p ly in g th e s o lu t io n s d e s c rib e d above to r a b b it e a rs - 0 . 1 c c /d a y /e a r — and a llo w in g th e m a t e r ia l to rem ain f o r
c o n t r o lle d p e r io d s o f tim e b e fo re w a sh in g .
Two a n im a ls
w ere used to d e m o n s tra te each p o in t re p re s e n te d by a c h e m lc a l c o n c e n t r a t io n and a p a r t i c u l a r exposure tim e .
C o n tr o ls
f o r each c h e m ic a l c o n c e n tr a tio n and f o r th e s o lv e n t were
In c o r p o r a te d I n t o th e s tu d y .

cn
»£*■
^
*vl

A t o t a l o f 20 a n im a ls w ere used In t h i s e v a lu a t io n .
R e s u lts and C o n c lu s io n s

Results of this study indicate that symmetrical tetrachlorodlbensodlsxln is a very affective acnegen. Under the conditions
of the study, concentrations as low aa O.OOlJf In bensane pro­
duced a discernible folliculitis as s result of ten applications.
Purther, that within 24 houra of the last application a moderate
folliculitis developed.
Under the conditions of the experiment It appears that «ashing
with aoap and water is quite Ineffective as a preventive measure.
Immediate, thorough washing with aoap and water only slightly
delays the formation of follloulltls in the rabbit ear follow­
ing repeated applications of synaetrleal tetrachlorodlbensodloxin.
IS WHOLLY INKPPSCTIVE AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE.

Summary of R esults
Data of f i r s t exposure»
An.

»0.

Kc

Solutlc

2- 9-^5

Data cm V hlth
a», or P o llle u llU a
1s t Discerned
U

i*.

t*’
-

(

9m

'■it'

;
r(j*'7'V$‘

•

CHEMICAL

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CORP.

7<»V

Doctor' Cordon

Karen 5 , 1965

3-

(c o n tin u e d fro m th e p re c e d in g page)

An.
No.

S o lu t io n
S tr e n g th

Days
On
E x p t.

it 30
it20
653
64 b
409
411

0 .0 0 1 *
0 .0 0 1 *
0 . 0 1*
0 . 0 1*
0 . 0 1*
0 . 0 1*

14
14
14
14
14
14

10

677
647

0 . 0 1*
0 . 0 0 1*

14
14

657

Benzene
o n ly
0 . 001 *
0 . 0 0 1*
0 . 0 1*
0 . 0 1*

^O u o
«1
JC •> CO
•

w <«o
m « -•

No* Of
Expo.

D ate on Which
F o llic u litis
1 s t D is c e rn e d

■ M ssKftdF
K S kF"

Ear
Appearance
■<*

■

2
2 //M18

S I.-m o d . f o l .
M o d erate f o l .
S e v e re f o l .
S e v e re f o l .
S e v e re f o l .
S e v e re f o l .

10
10

2/22
2/22

M oderate f o l .
M o d erate f o l .

14

11

None

None

14
14
14
14

10
10

2 /2 3

2/22

9
9

2A 9
2 /1 9

S lig h t f o l .
M o d e ra te f o l .
S e v e re f o l .
M o d e ra te fol.

9
9
9
9
9

2 /1 9
2 /1 9
2 /1 9
2 /1 9

1

en

*■4■

I

1
m lk
1w
R n S ìf.

-vi
•sl
r**
OC

m
I
B H » u
IH M 1
«

H

668
654
659

6 61

1

^^■^EMdS ;

2/2}

0*001%

ut

0 .001 %

2A8
2/17

0 .01*

^

Signed

Checked

If / . ....
I ^ k ,;. , * ^
^
[jpm*.
*!*•''»:. “ ‘ V;

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HU.
m

¿á/r/ $* / y c. *. 0 *1
^ ^

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Slight fol.
Slight fol.
Severe fol.
Animal died
2/17

2 /2 2

0 .01%

H
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roll

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th e re h ave been can y re p o rts
snp q a u r c t o
■
1

1 ,1 ,3

of

■•

p e o p le d e v e lo p in g c h lo r n e n e e n d

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(2 ,1 ,3 D

in

l i v e r d a m p ,# f r o a o v e

In d u s try *

It

has h eea

s u e fe s te d l a th e l i t e r a t u r e t h a t t h e t o x i c e f f e c t s w e re n ee d ue t o 2 , i , 3 T b u t t o a e a e
j j S h r c o n te n tn a n t« — I t l a - n e c e s s a r y t o l d e n t l f y t h o t o x i c co s p o u a d o r c c a p o u n d a -ln .

c a E S B erd a l 2 , ( , 3 T

as a m a n s

of

a o lv in q t h i s

o c c u p a tio n a l h e a lt h * p r o b le a .

«ho h e r b i c i d e 2 , i , S T i s p ro d u c e d a n d u l d e l y u s e d i n l a r j e
i l l n e s s h a v e r e s u l t e d fro e s c o n t a c t w i t h t h e c e s p o u a d *

(s e e A ppend

q u a n titie s * and s e v e r a l css
i f th e c o d e eaapound is a s

. ; 2 , * , j r 1 b u t s o a e t i h s r e e n t a a ln a q t * . th e n t h e a a a u i a c t u r l a t p ro c e s s b i ii i t t b e a l t e r e d
's e r a u a y t o a l i a ! n o t a* t h e h a s a rd o u s e a a p o u n d *

1

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t.
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•■•f<te l e e t r s a
p -d ie x in

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a v a ila b le

2 ,4 * 5 T w i l l b e s e p a ra te d

t il» » *

*• M O «

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in to

its

c o s n o a e a t s * a n d e a c h c o m p o n e n t w i l l b e t e s t d d f o r i t s a c .r v ; e a l e a n d l i v e ;
e f f e c t b y p e in t ln ? i t o n to th e s k in s o f r e b b lt s *
S k i n b i o p s i e s , b lo o d l l v s
t e s t s * , t e s t s f o r u r i n a r y p o r p h y r in s * l i v e r b io p s ie s , a u t o p s ie s , h i s t o l o g y . "
a ic r o s c o p y w i l l b e d e n e .
An a v a il a b l e a s o u n t o f 2 ,3 * 7 * 8 tc tr n c h lo r o d ib e a s o *
w i l l s l s o b e t e s t e d o r a l l y o n d o * s , u s ln ~ a l l t h e a b o v e o e n e lo n e d t e s t a *
S-

c h e s ls c r y o f t h e csepo un ds w i l l
— s p e c t r a . ___________
t. U

b y | t l < n le c t r o p h o s e o 4 e

M

«• * M

b e d e te r a in e d

b y t h e i r U -V and in f r a r e d
• •

a b s o r p tio n

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t a l, IK H IM C , M

C e l e le c tr o p h o r e s is

H ll* « >

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a p p a ra tu s

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•

J
u , M i n n « i i m m s •cmi •"
<*. a u t t i a , i m i m u *

* 1 year

F e b ru a ry

1*

1965

IK

,,„ {$16.085
•*•*•*«•«» •«l*MU, **1
*'
Bevld R. Crock

316*085
l* ( tl ,(« 1 ,1 , U 'l l l l l l * N

Cw.ichcr £* Kraus

«ttjrtt rr,
• h<!* b u « u r ?ach*lo~.y Unit
1 . Kn tia.Sup . 3cs . Vet.

U U K lI I I

Q m

50 *• ’

:••

l.H
M U >
»• •
CMarsene

%

A* thg «oopound 2,3,7,B'tetra«hlorodlbc«so-p-dIoxln vili ki | l v « A lly U

thrif

o f A c 1 « r a lly 1« t k m d l f f i m t 4m ««» 0 . 1 / u g/Kg, 1 . 0 / i g/Kg *«d lO /i | A | *
The ctapow d a n t f i r s t W d llu ttd t o « concentration o f lO /i | / e e In U S eth yl
a lco h o l.

Thr«« con trol dogs who v i l i receiv e only the d ilu en t v i l i alno ho used. ^

The uongrel dogs v i l i vaigh between 10 sod IS Kg.

^

The follow ing laboratory t e s t s w i l l be performed tw ice before adnint s tr a t i on o f
•

•

p e stic id e end a t le a s t tw ice b efore adninl s tr a t i on o f the p e s tic id e end a t le a s t
tw ice weekly a fte r th e adninl e tr a tlo n has begunt SCOT, scj!r, ■SP, lip a s e , saylaso»

• I*

«•

h

B0>, soger, VIC, b e t ., g g b ., and d iff e r e n tia l blood counts.
*
•*
c o lle cte d for a n a ly sis o f urinary porphyrins.

Orine w ill a lso be
• •

liv e r b iop sies w i l l be performed once on each aninal before p e s tic id e adm inistration,
end on the 1 s t , 8 th , 15th and 22nd days o f adninl S tratton o r nore o f te n , i f th e

|
i

laboratory t e s t s show evidence o f ^extensive liv e r danage.

••

Sons o f the b io p sie s

w ill he processed fo r ele c tr o n nicroscop y, p a r tic u la r ly th e p re-ad ain tetratlon
•

t

•

*

b io p sies and the 24 hour b io p s ie s .

I.

d r o p s ie s w ill be performed on a l l s n in a ls that d ie,* and a t 30-60 days o f th e,exp erln t

1

T issu e s, w ill be subn lttcd fo r h is to lo g ic a l ev a lu a tio n .
••

The cduncr c ia lly a v a ila b le (impure) 2 ,4 ,3 trich lorop h en oxyscctlc a d d Iso-octyl^

e s te r w i l l be separated Into i t s suspected f iv e or nore fr a c tio n s b y-th in -layer
g e l electro p h o resis.

This conpound w ill be obtained iron Thospson-Keyword

Chemical Conpany.

..

• I

■. ^
DEC0C19(W-

m

• «

■y

2

1.12*63

Tb« utmle «««found «nd tlw Individual fraction « w i l l then b« tc«C«d fo r th o lr
■ cblorscnegMle properties by dlluttng them In act «one and painting them on the
i

,

•.

e .

slmven scalp s o f ra b b its In three d ivid ed d o ses.

Total doses o f 1 mg, 10 mg, and

rlo o ag w i l l be used fo r «oeh compound on ««eh o f a l x rab b its.

AJ1 s ix .r a b b its

M p lu « ! but, sugar, VBC, Met, Hgb and d if f e r e n t ia l blood cou n ts.

U rin e-w ill

bo c o lle c te d for a n a ly sis o f prophyrlns.

120907

. in «sob croup w ill have the follow in g la b . t e s t s - SCOT, SCPT, BSPt U p as«,

On three o f the s i x s n ln a ls In each group liv e r b io p sie s w ill bo performed on the
1s t , 8 th , ISth and 22nd days o f ad m in istration .

**

‘

.

The blood t e s t s , urinary porphyrins snd liv e r b io p sie s w ill be done before
adm inistration o f th e coe^ounds as w e ll as on 10 c o n tr o ls.
Example
Pose 1

Dose 2

Dose 3

Control

Blood T ests Urinary Porphyrins

3

¿3

3

3

Blood T e sts Liver B iop sies

3

3

3

S

I t Is a n ticip ated th a t 23 animals w i l l be used fo r each compound.
•

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llftlnaWenm.
^ T k U t * i— n l r i ' V t i f ^ i

* ,4 ,3 Trlchlorophcnoxyacetie « e l4 .

» I, I A »
i
j,

* ■ '-

U k k M u ie k

4. Vkat i t t b i l f t b l a t

.

f o r sev era l years 2 ,4 ,3 t r ic h lorophanoxyacetic a c id (2,é,fO

jT
4M W « used as a h erb icid e In la rc a q u a n titie s .

Thera have been natty reporta o f Q

.*•

CO

poeple developing ehloraena and oth er rep orts o f seriou s liv e r damage secondary t o O

1 V

ic d d c a ta l over «exposure to t h is compound in Industry.

In 19(4 Dr. Coerce Lawton

p artially evaluated th e e f f e c t s o f the coemcrcial 2 ,4 ,ST and found i t t o be a potent
derm atologist Dr.
In 1937 a Cai
2
t ts f a lg , pubi!shed a paper s ta t in e th a t thè t o x ie a ffa e ts vare not due t o 2,4,S T ,
cUeracneccn s s w e ll s s a potant hepatotoxln.

b«t probably due to

contaminant produced in i t a - namifa ctu r e .

As y e t no one

baa separated out th e contaminant, but i t i s thought to ba 2 ,3 ,7 ,8 tatrachlorodibento-p

3
dioxin.

This compound was found by Jones and Krlxck
producing ehloraena in doses o f 1 microgram.

*» a dog a fte r an o ra l dose o f on ly SO mlcrograms.

I

to be the most potant chlbracnacc
l i a i a i g found i t hepa to to x ic

This compound i s probably present

*

;

*he cocsaerclal 2 , 4 , ST in very sm all amounts, estim ated a t O.OlT.

The probl«

?"'*s is to. id e n tify th e t o x ic compound .'or compounds in contaerclal 2,4,ST by e lectro «

•

•

»*«r*:lc separation, b io lo g ic t a s t in e and determ ination o f th e ir U«V absorption speetr«
•
•
*
*• ^published data.
'*
,

J. and Schuls, K.H.* Occupational Acne Caused by Aromatic Cyclic Ethers.
2£*ialoalca ¿¿it 540-46, 1957.

"

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'r~r- o h

Ml •- 2

V0

*••/• •

'• * » • • . C.iiT and -Krixck, HJ4* A Technic for Testing Acr.egcnie Potency in Rabbits^
. * • invest. Derm. ¿2* 511-1962.
Jp.'t-'*
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K t k i t e n ie conpound l a noe 2 .4 .3 T . kat m m c o n f in a n e ,' (k m d w
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ooateacteriag procace a i |k t W « le trod In m m vay t o a lla ttia te eh#

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I, frega««4 Netted of"Attack» Tte eomarctally milibli 2,4,ST «ili te M piMl

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•

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«natte Cor I ta acnegaulc and llv a r dmagltvg a f f e c t by p alatin a l e onto t t e oleina
t e r a te le a .

Sten b lo p sla a , blood, l t r o r fu n ction t e a t s , «caca fo r urinary poi p ìip r l^

llv a r b lo p sla a , a u to p s ie s , h isto lo g y and. e le c tr o n ni ero«copy o l i i t e dona.

'An *

a v a ila b le aaoynt o f 2 ,3 ,7 ,8 tctrach lorod iten zorp -d loxln «111 a lt o t e toatad o r a lly
an dogs, «afag a l l th e above m o tio n e d t a s t a .

Tbe ctendatxy o f t t e

«111 t e d e te ta ln te fey t t e l r 5-V and Infra-red absorption*-apacera.
•

ì

7.

•

Balatiooslvlp t o o t t e r Organira elo n st

•

•

None

8. Spoetai Eqq!paone ncedadt Col Electrophoresis apparaCus
International Ceneri fuga
• Cola
Aniaala
Natcrial for blood eeata
No additional poraonnol needed.t
I
i
9. Duration 8 nonths • 1 .year.
a

1 0 . l a t i n #e r«b. 1 . 1965

•

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Karl iotei. N.8.
*.E. Kupol.
P a m Pero««
Diacheni«cry Technician

A YJ/

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'ci-s

X . i l f -

Equipment and Supplita
12. Project leader* Dr. D«vfd M. Croth

11

1

•

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.• * .•
X of ttm
30X
10X
201
10X
30X
*.40X
_
‘t

. .

Narteo Koy, M.D.

200.00

•

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11. Eetlasted Coat*

. . David Crock. NJD.

8 421.50
1030.00
30.00
‘ 600.00

52,200

V

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AJLMJllJL*
v

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b M « U « to tort«
There htw ktm neay reports •( people
«U«ntM Ml ocher reports of serious liver d««M Meoaliry Co eceldcatal
.i m w|BooTQ to this coopound la Industry* Zb 1963 Dr* George Laetpa* partially
asatoatad the offocts of the eoanorelal 2,4,3T and ( m l it to bo a potent
chtoracaetea ao wall oo a potaaC hepatotoxla, Za 1937 a Genoa dernetoleglst,
V Dr* KfefalS2 , publlahod a paper s ta tin g Chat cho Coxie a ffa e ta vara aoC 1m * l ^ S T f - b e t probably-duaLto sons, coateain sae produced l a le a soaufacture* i
oo ooa haa separated ou t th e coataadaaat, but i t la thought to be 1 .1 . iJL.
tatraeKioratl^bcnio-o-dlox^a. Zhls coBpound uaa found by Joaaa a f f t o u S * t o be*
^ the ooee potent chloracaagaa known, produciag chioracne l a dosaa o f 1 , 0 1 c
. l l a fid » found l e hapacotoxlc l a a doe a f t e r aa o r a l doaa o f only 30 o icro
ZUa compaunl la probably present l a th e censer d a l 2 ,4 ,5T la vary a s a ll
estimated a t 0*011* The problao thaa la t o Id e n tify the to x ic coapound o
pounda In c o o a e r d a l 2 , 4 , 5T b y'electro p h o reele sep a ra tio n , b io lo g ic t e s t i
deterntoatlon o f th e ir 0-V absorption spectra
-

P•

■38

s
0

t h i

o o w

c h i m i c a l

c o m p a n y

MX5UMD, Michigan
Mrcli 10, 19oS

F. M. Rilay, Special Chemicals Sal««, A
R
B
J. C. Tucker, Industrial Ch«*lcala Salta, A
R
B
R. N. Salley, International Sale«, A
R
B
J. W
. Karri«, Chemical Sale«, A
R
B
L. B. Orant, Salea Adalniatratlon, 47 Building
N. V. Felnauer, Chemioala Department, A
R
B
C. 0. Kutchenreuther, Org. Chea. Prod. Dept., 858 Building
I . C. SUehling, Organic Chem
. Product« Dept., 172 Building
F. C. Aaatuts, Heroicid« Section, 441 Building
C. B. Otla, Bloprodueta Department, Bloproducta Center
V. P. Falaey, Bloprodueta Department, Bloproducta Center
B. Y. Hanaen, Bloprodueta Sale«, Bloprodueta Center
O. E. Lynn, Bloproducta Department, Bloprodueta Canter
R. C. Hoff, Chem
. Prod. Qual. Service«, 172 Building*
V. N. 0111, Bloproducta Department, Bloproducta Center
W
. J. McCoy, Bloproducta Sale«, Bloproducta Center
M. 0. Vlltae, Bloproducta Department, Bloprodueta Center
J. D. Doedena, Chemical« Department, A
R
B
D. B. Pletcher, Bloproducta Department, Bloproducta Center
K. C. Barron«, Bloprodueta Department, Bloprodueta Canter
V. L. Corbin, Bloprodueta Sale«, Bloproducta Center
Jtr-ftr-Heyle, Biochemical Reaeareh Laboratory, 1701 Building
3L. K . RottedBlochamlcal Reaeareh Laboratory, 1701 Building
HAZARD O
FM
O
N
SA
N
TOT ACID

"4

to

CO

i

Rabbit ear teats on twelve lota of Monaanto 2,4,5 T acid
have shown moderate to aevere response in eight eases at
ten per cent concentration in ethanol. Thla confirms VPC
enalyala for 2,3,7,8«tetraehlorodlbenzodloxln which was
found In concentrations averaging about 10 ppm
.
This material presents a definite hazard which would require
all the precautions used in 199 Building and 349 Building to
prevent injury, If it la proceaoed at 2o7 Building.
Dow's involvement in shipping thla material to Rlverdale and
W
oodbury also coneems me. There la a definite risk to their
employees, especially since they are probably unaware of the
problem and are probably taking no precautions.*
There is no aaauranee that their final products will be free
of contamination. The available evidence points to the
opposite. Xn m
y opinion their products should not be sold
until animal tests show these products to be free of a
significant hazard frrm *.h«» ter-'ieM'rr'rditeftZcdlexlr. sr.d
related materials.

t DO» CHEMICAL CORP
!DC*f «

*■"

T H « DOW

C H E M IC A L CO M P A . - /

NEDLAMD, Michigan
J N r o h 2 9 , 1965

K. Rom*

lo o h a a lc a > / R v s M r c n L a b o r a t o r y
fin «
coi

V . I . R ile y

I. I. teiloy
L . B . O ra n t
C. 0. Rutchenreuthar
F. 0. Am tuts
W. r . F o io o y
0 . B . L ynn
V . N. 0111

B. 0. Mllta*

D . B . P le to h e r
V . L . C o r b in
B. 0 . Iria n
3 . B . P o ta r a on

J . C . T u c lc a r
J . H. K a rri*
H . M. F * l n a u * r
8 . C. S U a h llo i
C. B. O tis
K . T . B ana*n
R . C . H o ff
W. J . MoCoy
3 . D . D o«d*n*
K. C . B a rro n *
H . R . R o y l*
B . B . R o l d a r , M.D
8 . B . Sodale

REPORT OH THX CHLORACNE PRCBISI MEETIMO ON 3 / * * / 6 5
P ra a a n ti

D r . 3 . W i lk e n f e l d a n d
N r . R aynond V e r h o e x e , H o o k e r C h e n l e a l C o r p o r a t i o n
N r . P r a n o l a K ennedy a n d
D r . Rd C h a n d la r , D la n o n d A l k a l i Com pany
N r . C . b . Dunn a n d
D r . J o h n P . Fr*M l*y, H * r c u l* a P o a d a r C o n p a n y

T . K . r a e a p p a d t h e Dow a l t u a t l o n I n t a n a a o f t h a p r o b l e n
a n d t h a i n i t i a l a t u d l a a b y T o x ic o lo g y a n d E n v l r o r a w n t a l
R a a a a ra h L a b o ra to ry r e g a rd in g th a i n - p l a n t a l t u a t l o n .
H*
exp an d ed t h l a In g e n e ra l t a t a a t o th a s tu d y o f an d p r o d u o ta ,
o u r s a n d o t h e r p e o p l e s . Ha n a d e r e f e r e n c e t o a y a B a a tr lo a l
t a t r a c h ^ o r o - p - d lb a n a n f l a r t n . Ha r e f e r r e d t o t h e e v i d e n c e
1 f o r unknow n s e n e g e n i . T h e r e w e re s o n * q u e a t i o n a f r o a i t h e
g r o u p a b o u t t h e unknoam a. We (D qm) w e r e n o t a b l e t o a n s w e r
t h e e * q u e a t i o n a e x c e p t t o r e v ie w t h e e v i d e n c e f o r t h e i r
e x i s t e n c e i n t h e p r e c e a e a a a ip le s a n d e n d p r o d u c t s .
CONHOBC.M • SUSJtCT TO l ;,V::aiON
D C, Eft. AX /-4-7«j DOV/( ; pa AG2EEMCNI 9-79

H71

•»•••T5PÏ8EXCU

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t
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V . K . Rom«

- a -

M a rc h 2 9 ,

19 6 *

Dr* H olier reviewed the nodical o lio o f tho Dow experlenoej
ho o a li th at mo now have approximately 60 to JO oaeoo o f
indlvldu ala with ohloraona ranging fro* two aovoro eaaoa to
io m
vary a lM eaaoa th at ware d i f f i c u l t to dlagnoae. Ha
allowed a lld ea o f the nora draaatla eaaaa. th e olld ea war«
e x c lu s iv e ly views o f the faaaa o f the Individuals a f flic t e d «
Ha deacrlbed In f a i r d e t a il the appearanae o f the In d iv i­
duals Mentioning the blaekhaads s p e o lf lo a lly . Ha than
reviewed the o l i n l s a l stu d ie s th a t are being wade on th ese
people w ith emphasis an tb s liv e r fu n ction t e s t s . He Men­
tioned the a lib le l iv e r biopsy th at has been taken and
studied In whleh tho l iv e r wes nornal elthough the sen hed
a rather pronounced ease o f ehloraone. Dr. Holder a ls o
Mentioned the incidence o f fa tig u e among the a f f lic t e d people
a s being the on ly other s ig n ific a n t fin d in g In th ese f o lk s .
He touched b r ie f ly on treatnont in d ic a tin g th a t various
to p ic a l tr e stn e n ts ware not p a r tic u la r ly e f f e c t iv e . He
described the c y c lin g or t h is d isord er in in d ivid u als who
had been com pletely removed fron exposure. He Mentioned
th a t sane fello w s ere approaching tho end o f th e ir trouble
two or two and on e-h alf years a f te r onset o f the sk in d i s ­
order. He a ls o described "acute ehloraone" which i s an acute
inflan aatory condition th a t appears considerably sooner than
the nornal chloraene in in d iv id u a ls and appears a f te r pro­
nounced s in g le exposure. The acute chloraene shows up w ith in
a few days o f exposure. Dr. Holder Mentioned f iv e to e ig h t
days s p e c if ic a lly , th ere was considerable d iscu ssio n by the
group on the skin disord er I t s e l f . The Hooker rep resen ta tiv es
rela ted experience o f sk in condition th ir ty years a f te r expo­
su re. T heir cases wsre wore sim ila r to the Dowlolde bunps
which Dow has experienced in that there were large b o lls or
large bunps rather than the M ultitude o f s n a il blackheads
and eruptions which Dow i s seein g in the current c a s e s .
Dr. gadek showed s lid e s o f ears and liv e r s o f rabbits th at
had been exposed to the syn n etrleal tetraehloro-p-dibenxodloxln.
He discu ssed the pathology In d e t a il which X w ill not a tten p t
to suenarlxo.
V. K. Mentioned the stu d ies In which the rabbit ears have
been treated with 1CBD In benzene or corn o i l and than
washed with soap and water a t various tin e In terv a ls la t e r .
It exposure occurs for very long, washing does l i t t l e good:
He a ls o b r ie fly Mentioned the o ra l stu d ie s but without
d e t a il. S ilv e r s ta in described the plant study on washing
o f contamination from to o ls and su rfa ces. This study
Indicated that benzene, acetone and Chlorothene MU were
e ff e c tiv e In renoving the contaminant fron to o ls and a la o
that detergent and water with acrubblng a c tio n could clean
up to o ls and equipment. Sum d iscu ssio n ensued on the use

o'to

DOV02996O

0001V72

«. t.

Rom *

3

March 29, 1965

o f d t t t r t m t and n t u and tha point was M di a (a In th a t
strong scrubbing ao tlo n was necessary fo r thla approaoh
t o bo auooaaafiil.
Harold 0 111 than dlaouaaod tbs a n a ly sis fo r te tr a c h lo r o -p dlbensodloxln by vapor phaas chromatography. Ha lla ta d
tha H a lt o f a a n sitlv ltjr on varloua proeaaa oa tor la l a . Ha
mentioned tha o i l whleh ho doflnod a s a non-aaponlflablo
mixture o f ohloro s n la o lo s , totraohlorobonxano and t r l ehlorobenseoaj tho H a lt o f s e n s it iv it y f o r fCBD In th la
ao to r i a l i s 10 pus, lh e H a lt I s 1 ppa fo r 2 .t .« - t r lc h lo r a r
phanol, and tor M . M Aold. a lth a r a o otlo or propionio.
t n i r then ilal liia l l l j i I I ■ i oi ) d ls e s r n lb ls psak. Ha nan*
tlonad th at ho n ig h t s s tla a to 0 .9 PP* in seas Instan ces but
t o bo oonsorvatlvs th s an alyst roporta <1 ppa I f tha poak
doos not asaauro op to th s q u its Id e n tifia b le l s v s l o f 1
ppa. «ho a n a ly tlo a l probloa has not yot been-solved f o r tha
«-Aold o s t o r s . Ih o gonsral prooaduro ussd fo r tho T-Aclds
la to e x tr a c t th s saap ls (a r b itr a r ily about 20 grams) w ith
ehlorofora (about 0O m i l l i l i t e r s ) , f i l t e r ths oh lo ro fo m
t o rsaovo s o lid s and uaah with an equal voluaa o f H/10
oaustla to roaovo any a o ld lo a a t s r la ls . «ho eh lorofora
oxtraot then I s eenosntratsd by evaporation to on e-ten th
the o r ig in a l volunsi th us, the eonoentratlon o f the d io x in
In tha eh lorofora w i l l be ten t la e s higher than In tho
o r ig in a l sample. When the a n alyels I s eondueted on t r l ehlorophonol, the a a t e r la l Is d isso lv ed In H/l ea u etlo to
the exten t o f 100, and t h is so lu tio n I s then extreoted
with the ehlorofora and handled ae Indicated a b o.*.

<Q5

A question was asked about the u t il i s a t i o n o f d eteo to rs .
other than the fla a e Ion isation whleh la s p e c ifie d In the
A n alytical Laboratory w rite-up fo r th la a n a ly s is . 0111
has not tria d the a le r o eou loaetrle d eteeto r beoauae ho
la not a ct up to do so , but he has experlaentad w ith
ele c tr o n capture. He stated that th e o r e tic a lly t h is u n it
should not provide any greater Increase In s e n s it iv i t y .
Zn a c tu a lity he found a a lig h t lnorease In s e n s it iv i t y but
there are uaually too aany chlorinated sp e c ie s present
which any saturate the electron capture s e l l whose recovery
la too slow to be o f p ra etlea l use. He auxnarlsed by say­
ing that the a lig h t Increase In s e n s it iv it y i s not Worth
the e ff o r t to switch from flaws Io n isa tio n to e le c tr o n
eapture. A question was asked about how the e x tr a e tlo n la
perfum ed. 0111 s U te d that I t la performed in a wide
south b o ttle on a shaker fo r one hour. ( I t was not men­
tion ed , but I t Is the ease that th la la dona a t roan
t n p t n U ir .)
M ntlono* that ip lk td l u p l t i have b u n

>29961

K . . > *•

- I -

fkrch 29. 106

run t h is m y and the recovery ranged from $0 to 100 pm
c e n t. tlM r a tio o f a d v e n t to tha m t a r la l being extm dad
on. th in atop la not o r it io a l according to 0111. Their
standard procedure la 20 gram o f aaapla and 20 m l l l l l t a r s
' o f o h lorofom . On trleh lerep h en cl oaaplaa s p e c if ic a lly , 20
gram oT phenol la eonvartad to J a n a ta — about 10 p ercen t
aoneantratlon In watar. 11m phanata a o lu tlo o la extradmd
with 20 n l l l l l l t a r a o f oh lorofom In a aln gla ex tr a c tio n
Iha oh lorofom la than oonoontratod ao th at tha ooneentmtion.
o f tha d ioxin w i l l ba tan t lm a th a t In tha o r ig in a l am ple.
The q u estion o f v o l a t i l i t y o f d ioxin earn up and Harold d i l l
stated th at ha found ha aan d i a t i l l o-dlehlorobanxana a n y
fro* tetraehlorobenxodioxin. l a aald that in h la oplrita
tha aaorat waa t o avoid d i a t l l li n g to drynoaa.
A m nbar o f tha group asked i f aaaploa o f atandard TCBDwaro
a v a ila b lo . Tha anawar waa yaa and 100 mg aanplaa wereyro~
vidod to ona o f tha rapraaontativaa from aaoh eonpany. ( 1
aaapla had pravloualy bean given to Dr. R ally o f MonaartD.)
A question o f laboratory s a fe ty in tha a n a ly tic a l work anna
up and tha baaio praoaution o f wearing v in y l glovaa waa
mentioned. X nfcm atlon r a la tlv a to tha glovaa. wa uaod
waa provided to the group.
Diapoaal o f contaminated laboratory n a te rla la and plant
n e ter la la n a dlaeuaaed. tie mentioned that Dow buraa mm
a a a ll anounte o f m a t e . Harold 0111 etated that h ia l i b
oratory atudy o f eoabuatlon ahowod th at 99«96 par cent o f
the dioxin aample m a burned a t 8oo*C. He deeorlbed e y
we f e l t th at our praetloe o f burning a a a ll amounta o f
dioxin m a a aafe ona.
▼. R. then ou tlin ed tha project in which plant aaapleaand
predueta (not mentioned by name) were apiked with known
amounta or the TCBD. The apiked aaaplea were a p ilt fo r th o
purpoae or checking our a n a ly tic a l proeedurea fo r reecaary
and c o r re la tin g theaa reaulta with tha blo-aaaay methoAIhe question o f s p e c ific a tio n , q u a lity con trol apeclfhm tlon
that i s , m a ralaed and we were aaked i f we could g lv e lo v e la
o f d ioxin contamination which were permlaalble 11 m lto.
T. R. mentioned that a t preaant wc are using aero w it h e
confidence o f 1 ppm in process samples. Thera waa acm
d iscu ssio n on the problem o f customers using fin ish ed p g .
ducts under fa r le s s d esirab le conditions o f health control
than wa can provide our workmen in our own p la n t. Them
••«■•d to be agreement among the group that we could rat
afford to s e l l contaminated products.

29962

V. K.
Jaok

M nta
ranci
o f t*

%o tti
Both

wltl
baili
nuaü>t
anlm
•trn
toxlc

1

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Tha

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daa<

Blcx
170

V. K. Rom*

5

March 89«

£

Jack f*tarson fehso discussed feho data fro« animal s x p s r la m ta «Ming purs ayaaaferloal feeferachlorobonsodloxln. Doaaa
n t e l n i fro « 8 parfea par b illio n to 1000 p arts par «11 lio n
o f feaferaehlorobansodloxin in bonaano had been adniniafearad
t o feha rabbit aar. Doaafa in noafe oaaaa was 0 .1 «1 par dap.
Both s in g le and aulfelpla axpoauraa have baan afeudiad and
m u ltip le axpoauraa adniniafearad on a f iv * days par waak
baa l a . Tha s ig n if ic a n t fa cto r s in feha study ara d ose, feha
nunbar o f a p p lica tio n s and feha daya on axpoauro o f feha
a n ia a la . Tha raapouaa whloh ia raporfead in feha groaa ob­
se rv a tio n o f th* aomdlfelon or tha r a b b it'a aar by tha
feoxiaologlsfea. M i doaa not inoluda p a th o lo g ica l fin d in g s ••
fehara ia not enough data in t h is araa to diaouaa. Tha la v a l
o f raaponaa rangaa fro« nona through vary alig h t« alig h t«
a lig h t to nodarafea« moderate. «odsrafea to aavara« sever*,
and axferanaly aavara. Jaok in d icated fee feha group th a t
fehara ia not a aharp dafinifeion bafeuaan fehasa c a te g o r ie s o f
raaponaa and indie*tad alao th at fehara la aoaa d i f f i c u l t y
i a graphing th la type o f raaponaa. Ra daaaribad feha raaponaa
fro « a ln gla applioafeiona feo feha rabbit aar f i r s t i afe 100
parfea par « i l l l o n fehara «as a aavara raaponaa in aighfe days)
afe feO parfea par « i l l l o n fehara uaa a a lig h t raaponaa in
alavan dayai afe 80« 10« 7 and fe parfea par « i l l l o n fehara was
no raaponaa. lh asa feasfea war* run on a ln gla rabbit* and
w ithout washing feha n o ta r ia l o f f . Jaek than diaousaad feha
■ulfeipla a p p lica tio n data which ha took fro« h is major
graph o f t h is d ata. Tha Important point* th at ha «ad* fro «
t h is data war* f i r s t that afe feha H a lt o f VK s e n s it iv i t y
a aavara raaponaa any b* produced. In other words« avan i f
tha TK does not d e tec t TCBD, an aninal raaponaa «ay s t i l l
oeeur. His saeond Important point waa th at feha lnduofelon
period fo r raaponaa averaged about tan days on the animals
in feha s tu d ie s .
Thar* was a brief discussion than about feha air sanplas that
war* taken in feha plant. Silvers tain awntlonad that cost*
air aaaples have shown activity on the anlnals. The dagraa
of raaponaa is slight and tha nunbar* of sanplas fehafe show
activity is snail out of feha total nunbar taken and feha
amount of air that nusfe b* sanplad is very much larger than
feha amount a nan normally braathes in an eight hour day.
Tha anatlng was adjourned. Tha group than proceeded feo tha
Toxicology Laboratory to view soas of tha test anlMls. They
ware shown responses of varying intensity and these were
described. This dcstonstratlon appeared feo hava considerable

• V '/
s A
Biochemical Research Laboratory
1701 Building

3

^

U)S:sJl

D29963

¥. K. How*

x

-

6-

Htroh 89, 1965

foatMrlpt
A ll participant« M a r t to appratiate « a ll tha problen and a l l
lndleatad that they M id re ta in bona and a tta o n t to aanvlnaa
th a lr nanageneat ta la t i t a t a aafaty a p c e lflea tle n a ( r e a lly
q u a lity « en tra i) fa r H air «arietta ereditata in th ia a r e a . A ll
aaraad th a t the Induaby abeuld neat i t a awn r a a p e n a ib lllty .
A ll moro ««nr a y f m w n a f Dow'a e ff o r t ta ataar then away
fran a d a h ié f <§■•• Iti w ill t a l l whether wc aeeenpllahed
ear w lsalon , i l l t a o f new I f a a l a a tla fia d w ith aur a f fa r t
and tha raeaptlan i t noalvad.

m

1

--- T H E

E ?O W — G H 2 - M I C A L

OMPA-NT-

April 1, 1965

Beethovenstrasse 32
8002 Zurich, Switzerland
Attention

Mr. Peter Koopmann
Manager Bio-Products Sales

Dear Peter.:

DOW 1 5G8552

Dow Chemical International S.A.

I am enclosing a copy of a letter covering the trans­
mittal 6f the completed contract and financial settle­
ment to C. H. Boehringer Sohn.
Our agreement with them calls for payment of\
to them at such time that we are satisfied that we
have solved o u t chloracne problem, whether we use
their know-how or not. It is our judgement in
Production and Research that we have reached such a
point. Paying them at this time will be a signal
to them that we are no longer in trouble.
I have been informed that my choice of words in
answering Dr. Doll's letter did not set well with
you. I hope that you will accept my‘personal apology
on this. My intent was to emphasize the secrecy
agreement as an obvious reason for your lack of in­
formation. Let us hope that the entire incident
may dissolve away as new problems and business
opportunities command our and their att<
Best personal regards,

mak

A X G 0077(19

Walter B. Trapp
Benzene Research Laboratory
474 Building

■FED J5

•Dia. D^. 0 DOLL
f

C H corría INGER SCHN

ro E

INGEL -KS4M-AM-RHE IH--- :

vw
PO c
.O'
.
.:m

:V.“ ST GERMANY ~ ; V1A_RCA
REGARDJNG YOUR DISCUSSION WITH KOOPMANN WE REGRET THAT HE WAS NOT
AWARE EITHER OF THE SERIOUSNESS OF OUR HEALTH PROBLEM OR OF THE

!

CONSIDERADLE HELP THAT ALL OF YOU AT BOZHRINGER HAVE BEEN TO US.

-

WE HAVE RESTRICTED COMMUNICATION ON THIS WITHIN OUR COMPANY BECAUSE
OF OUR SECRECY AGREEMENT AND BECAUSE OF THIS KOOPMANN WAS NOT FULLY
INFORMED.

WE ARE ANXIOUS TO RECEIVE THE CONTRACT FROM YOU AND ARE

PLEASED TO LEARN THAT IT IS READY.

..

FILE COPY

C-,
OATt

LETTER OF CONFIRMATION WILL FOLLOW.
CORDIALLYX,
walte ^t T rapp J ^

k7k

AL

CONFIDENTIAL
Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Court Order. "Agent
Orange" Product Liability.
Litigation, M D L N o . 3 8 1

* Hw D O W

*.«

„

CHEMICAL COMPANY.

<«4 ••«■»M
ÛetviU I«/«C

cr.

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,;A

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DOW C H E M IC A L C O M P A N Y

X fO»<* C J M MMIIO m U XA. t t/M

•U‘ CJT

WE ARE MOVING AHEAD WITH ä 'SOLUTION J

OF OUR PROBLEM AND ARE ANXIOUS TO COMPLETE OBLIGATION TO YOU.
THE

R

-

----

.

f t

$0?

» , 1*5

D O W CONFIDENTIAL

§

«,1,5-TXXCBLOltOrEaiOL, TBS *T" ACIDS, AID ASSOCIATO AClUOfXS

Z hato oot Won neglecting your request for information to uno
in dlseusslng tbo subject probi«* with Naugatuck and tbo Co-Op.
Z Caro Won stymied, h o rro r, Weauao tbo analytical notboda
haTt boon changed and aro in tbo proeoaa of Wins eloarod and
reproduced. Z ozpoet tbon any da7, but rntbor tbaa «alt longer,
Z thought Z abouid advise you of tba situation. Z « i l i sond
fon ooploa of tboao notboda aa soon as tW y WooaM available.

D O W 747096

• s u NtalholUad
M utfar
Bloproducts
In
Chemical of Canada
Carola. Canada

Za regard to tbo oro r a il problen, no aro attempting to do
mvsrythlag possible to avoid tba possibl* oeeurraneo of shloraono la any applleationa involving tbo baadlinc or uno of t r i *
ehleropWnol, triebloropbonoxjseotio seld and ita derivatives.
As 70U noli know, no bad a aorlous situation in our operating
pianta Weauao of eontaalnatlon of 2,b , 5-trlehloropWnol nitb
lapuritles, tbo nost setivo of «bieb is 2,3,7,8-tetraeh lo ro dlWnsodlozln. Ibis notarial la exceptionally toxics i t bas a
tronondous potential for producing ebloraeno and sjateóle in*
Jury. Zf it is present in the triebloropbenol, i t »111 W
oarried through into tW T aeld and into t w »storm and bones
into formulations nhleh aro to w sold to tW pubi io . On* of
tW things «bleb »0 »ant to avoid is t w oeeurraneo of any
acne in eonsunars. Z an particularly eoneeraed hero vith per­
sona «ho aro using t w notarial on a d aily, repeated basis sueh
as euston operators nay use i t . Zf this should oeeur, the «bolo
*#t» 5-T Industry » i l l W
bit and Z would expect restrictive
legislation , either Wrrlng the notarial or putting very rigid
oontrols upon i t . This is t w main reason why no are so sonearned that wo olean up our own house from within, ratW r than
having someone from without do i t fo r us. Za this nay, wo eaa
approach tW ptoblen in aa orderly manner. Zf tW producers
and handlers of this notarial w ill cooperate, tW re is no
reason why we cannot get this problem under s tr ie t control and
tWroby hopefully avoid restrictive legislations in otW r words,
lot us preetlee good eltlseashlp. At the present time, wo are
of t w opinion that material containing no totreehlorodlWnxodioxin with a certainty o f . l ppa does not present aa appreci­
able hasard to consumeres likewise, wo do not W llevo that ouch
material constitutes a significant hasard to persons working in

r

oow
nw CONFIDENTIAL
1. Nalholland

-

8 -

Am

2«, 1965

p'amts handling such phenol, T acid, or T tcU ««ter«.
Z sight add that we are continuing our roaoarehts on thio
particular probi*« fro m the standpoint of studying tbo other
lopurltl** which say have th* capacity to produce this typo
of roaetlon. Also, w
o are atteeptlng to quantltato tho of*
foots of tho known acnegena when added to baso «storiala.
This work is progressing well, but it will bo severs! «oaths
before so have a eooplotod story.

I

X would urge again that if your big customers such as Co-Op
and laugatuck have particular questions about this probi*«
that you invito then to eo«* to Midland where w* will bo
glad to dlseuss the «attor in detail with tho« and show the«
what we have learned. W
e are not In any way atteaptlng to
hide our probi*« under a heap of sand* but w
o eortalnly do
not want to have any situations arise which will cause tho
regulatory agencies to beco«e restrictive. Our prlaary ob­
jective is to avoid this.

^3
I

i

Z trust thst you will be very Judleloua in your use of this
inforest ion. It could he quite embarrassing if it «era mis­
interpreted or alsuaed.

I
I

I

T. X. M
ow*
Biochemical Research laboratory
1701 Building

aa 6-2376
T O /3 d

act

I

f
f

f
F .S .

•

L. Sllversteln
C. Otis
trsdy Hsldeoan
F. Aastuts
0. Ooergcn
1. Boyle
V. Falser
T. K. Rowe (2)
T17.4-12-20 —Correspondence

r

Qbder no elreuastanees way this letter bo reproduced.
shown, or sent to anyone outside of Bow.

TO

\

9

50
-5m...
I
V O ifiC B Z M lC A L CORP.

RQ

THE

DOW

CHEM ICAL

,001**020 1089

ciw

COM PANY

M I D L A N D DIVISION
October 21, 1965

W. C. T i m n

These are the points that I m a d e in the presentation this morning to
B e n and M ax.
"We spent considerable time yesterday with Bechtel reviewing their
performance generally and specifically on the Trichlorophenol job.
T h e y have gone back to the N e w Y o r k office and will have a review of
their estimate on Trichlorophenol completed this Friday, in terms
of a three to four months relief on the completion date.
Bechtel sees the situation rapidly worsening with the m o s t problems
likely to occur in 1966. Contracts with A F p L expire in M a y of 1966
and additional costs can be expected at that date.
W e challenged Bechtel on their performance generally in the location
and specifically on their estimate on this job.
There w a s no great encouragement by Bechtel on a substantial reduction.
W e believe their estimate is high and that there is a good possibility
of building this plant for less than 1
and will m a k e an all
out effort to do so but the board's decision should be based on the
|
____ at this t ime.
O u r engineering will be completed by D e c e m b e r 1.
\
n o w and are spending at the rate of\

W e have spent
per week.

It is too late to m a k e design changes. Equipment is in route or too far
advanced in fabrication to allow changes.
W e are n o w scrutinizing not installing parts of the plant and yet have
the capacity in the range of
pounds. W e will cut back on
the installation if the economics are favorable.

CONFIDENTIAL

Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Couri Order. “Agent
Orange” Product Liacii.ty
Litigation, MOL No. 381 •

009075

I stressed to B e n the seriousness of one m o r e incident in the Trichloro­
phenol plant and the effect that this would have on our Division's one ration
generally and our over-all relations with the Union.

5 1
• •

• P ro c e d u re j

•

_______ _ _

CD
o
W. C. -Timm

2

October 21, 1965

O
O

B e n specifically asked what effect the additional costs had on economics
O
of Trichlorophenol and also on 2, 4, 5 T. K e asked about the basis of
CO
the economics. H e asked forja_hisrory-cn-the-autho-rization-requeists----- O —
and the amounts that w e have asked for at various-times. H e asked h o w
m u c h capital will be written off our books as a result of obsolating our
old Trichlorophenol facilities. H e asked the effects on costs of this
increased expenditure on both Trichlorophenol and 2, 4, 5 T.

CONFIDENTIAL
r

Disclosure Restricted Pursuant
To Court Order. "Agent
Orange” Product Liao;i.ty
Litigation, MDL No. 381
Procedure«^.

9£0600

Harold Bosscher

52

ÎZ£522BK*î

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. -V-..T

e i> * > iH ()r r o* DONAroLMY

RECEIVED
JUN 2 *’ I9ôü
M r . V. K. R o u e ,
Biochemical R esearch Laboratory
1701 B u i l d i n g .
T h e Dov. C h e m i c a l C o n p a n v
M idland. M ichigan

L;û-

a
J u n f Z2.

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19 o b

<

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Kit. Lli.

en
CD

De a r V . K. :
N o w t h a t I h a v e c o l l e c t e d t h e d e t a i l e d d a t a , it i b e v i d e n t t h a t t h e t e t r n c h l o r o d i b e n r o - p - d i o x m s t u d y w a s by n o m e a n s a t i n y o r t r i v i a l a f f a i r .
This
o t u d y w a s s u p e r v i s e d by o n e of m y g r a d u a t e d e r m a t o l o g i s t s , h o k e p t g i v i n g
m e a n e g a t i v e r e a d - o u t t h r o u g h o u t t h e m a n y m o n t h s of s t u d y . I p e r s o n a l l y
s a w t h e s u b j e c t s in t h e l a s t t w o g r o u p s w h i c h r e c e i v e d t h e h i g h e s t d o s e s .

O

T h e s k e l e t a l r e p o r t I s e n t w a s f u r t h e r r e d u c e d f r o m the v e r y bony s u m ­
m a tio n he gave m e .
I w a s h o p e f u l t h a t the r e p o r t m i g h t be s i r e d to t h e s i g n i f i ­
c a n c e of t h e r e s u l t s .
I a l m o s t s e n t you a l e t t e r s a y in g . "W e did the w o r k you
o r d e r e d a n d f o u n d n o t h i n g ” . (I g u e s s t h e s e h a p p y d a y s a r e g o n e ) .

s fir

&£w 3S’‘.'-V
triste»-e-■

W h e r e v e r t h e s u b j e c t c o u l d n o t b e f o l l o w e d f o r sue w e e k s o w i n g t o s u d d e n
d i s c h a r g e , o r to in s t i t u t i o n a l d e c i s i o n s , d e t a i l e d d ata a r e d e le t e d .
1 a m g r i e v e d t h a t s o l i t t l e h a s b eer, l e a r n e d , e s p e c i a l l y s i n c e p r a c t i c a l l y
th e w h o l e g r a n t w a s s p e n t in l a b o r a t o r y w o r k .
This was a d iscouraging project.
With e v e ry good w ish .

I rem ain
V ery sin cerely your#.

ll® A_M K a
Enclosure

DOW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #15

o
O

T E T R ACH L O R O D ID E N ZO - p • dioxin

£

Method

<1
cn
CJ

T h e » u b j e c t » w e r e si x s e p a r a t e g r o u p * oi t e n h e a l t h y a d u l t m a l e s .
E a c h g r o u p r e c e i v e d a d i f f e r e n t t o t a l do » e r a n g i n g f r o m 0. 2 - ^ j .

to 8.0L^g,

w:

OT

E a c h g r o u p w a * s t u d i e d in t w o p h a s e * , t h e f i r s t c o n s i s t e d of a s i n g l e d o s e :
A fter a two-week r e s t,

the s a m e t o t a l d o s e w a s g i v e n in e q u a l l y d i v i d e d d o s e s .

The te s t m a t e r i a l w a s d is s o lv e d m 50/ 50 c h l o r o f o r m - a l c o h o l , the a p p r o p r ia t e

gp..
v o l u m e w a s p l a c e d in a g l a s s c y l i n d e r a n d t h e s o l v e n t e v a p o r a t e d in a s t r e a m
of flow ing a i r .
hours.

T h e s i t e w a * c o v e r e d by a 2 " g a u z e s q u a r e f o r t w e n t y - f o u r

T h e d a ily r e p e a t e d d o s e s w e r e to the s a m e skin s i te .

The applications

w e r e m a d e to t h e f o r e h e a d on h a l f the s u b j e c t s a n d to t h e m i d - b a c k on t h e r e m a i n ­

o

ing half.
One w e e k a f te r the single dose,

and 3 -4 d a y s a f t e r the final daily d o s e ,

the following te s ts w e r e done:
CBC,

BUN.

SCOT.

ALKALINE PH OSPH ATASE,

an d m the s e c o n d p h a s e only.
CREATINE CLEARANCE.
T h e a k in w a s e x a m i n e d w e e k ly fo r s i x w e e k s a f t e r the l a s t d o s e .
e n d of e a c h p h a s e ,

At the

Zg.i 7:
Ff-yr.H v

t h e s u b j e c t s w e r e e x a m i n e d b y a n i n t e r n i s t f o r s i g n s of s y s t e m i c

illness.

R esults
T he t r e a t e d s ite s re m a in e d n o rm a l du rin g the a p p lic a tio n s end for e ls
weeks thereafter.

T h e r e w a s not the s l i g h t e s t e v i d e n c e of a c n e ,

c i t h e r on th e

f o r e h e a d o r the b ack .

_

DCW CHEMICAL CORP

ROLL #15

-

5 4

5 &

R e s u l t s ■. ■c o n l m u f d . . ■
No s u b j e c t d e v e l o p e d s y m p t o m s w h i c h c o u l d b e r e l a t e d to t h e t r e a t ­
m ent.

The la b o r a to r y values w e re unaffected.
At t h e d o s a g e l e v e l ,

DOW 753-J4C

T E T RACHEORODI BEN Z O - n - dioxin

t h e t e s t a g e n t g a v e n o e v i d e n c e of b e i n g a c n e -

igenic and w a s not h a r m f u l to the s u b j e c t s .

Respectfully submitted.

A lb ert M. lO igm an, M. D

A M K/a

DCW CHEMICAL CORP

ROLL #15

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'ITTriii

THE

v".

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i

DOW

CHEM ICAL

COMPANY

MIDLAND, MICHIGAN
February 3, 1967

a-.

To:
cc:
D. E. P ie t ch er
J . H . Gove 11

Tro»:

M. J. McCoy

THOMPSON CHEMICAL COMPANY,

*•
:©

ST.

1.0L1S ,

U t SSOl?. I

Mr. M. S. Buckley o t Thompson Chemical phoned Howard
She 1dor. February 2, irdii.atu: that L< believed they
have a icvere cliloracr.i- pn..t)!c: with some of their
employees. He indicated that they a iready have t.o
»en affected and believe that they nay Pivo two nore
employees that appear to be aliecleO as sell. They
are uslr.j Hooker's tot rath lorobcnzer,*- to make their
trlchlorophenol.
Buckley o s asking if Dow would have any reconnendat ions
for Bed leal treatment for ih'ir employees. Me do not
feel friendly toward this competitor as far as business
relationships arc concerned hut believe that ar.y advice
would be in order.
I! you concur, he would appreciate
a phone call and His number is Area Code 31't, J£ 5-5608.

J*
i

i
i

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V

60
5\S

THE

(

DOW C H E M IC A L C O M P A N Y

tOO* Building
Midland, Michigan
Deceaber 10, 1 M *

In*

coNnce t.m .3jj;ca to cik ^x > i
**•£»t0-,AL

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OQW, EfA AGftEEA'.BtT 0-TV

I. I. Blair
Manager of Research and
Oavaloraaat
Agricultural Department
eei

,

J. C. Hansen
J. B. Johnson
D. D. NoCollister
B. B. Haaoala
V. B.Bobinaon

v lsfcJg£7 , 1

(

1

•-s~\ C7?
o

Dr. Burgor told m that ha waa awaro of tha visit that
Dr. Johnson had aada to Dr. DuBrldgo conearning tha
1,4,5-T problen. Dr. Burgar indicated that ha waa intaraatad
in iaarnlng aore of tha dataila conearning tha teratologlcal taota which Dow waa going to conduct. Bo wanted
to know tha atatua of tha teata. X told hia that tho rat
atody would ba oonduotad firat and that tha rata ware on
hand and being acollatatad. Tha breading would start on
Daoaabar ISth, tha dosing of tho aniaala about aix days
later, and tha fetuses would ba taken fron aninala saorifiead
beginning tha weak of January 5th. X told bin that shortly
afterwards oana gross observations would likaly bo available
but that tha histopathologic examination of tha soft tissues
and tha clearing of the fetuses for observation of skeletal
dove logonnt would taka savaral wore waaka. X also indioatad
that a similar test would ba conducted with rabbits and that
those could not ba started until soantisn in January, but
that wa hoped that tha whole job could ba finished and
reported in April. Dr. Burgar was intaraatad in soon of
tha details of tha tests including tha nunber of aninala
to ba used. X told hin that I would aalp our Hunan Health
Laboratories to furnish hin with a sat of tha protocols.
X called Dr. Robinson but ha is in Washington this weak.
X did talk to Dr. Molello. Ha aaid that Dr. Robinson had
tha proposed protocols with hin in anticipation of a visit

•^1.

Tha following In a report of tha telephone call from
Dr, Durgar of tba Offloa of flcianca and Technology, which
you rafarrad to na.
*

Dr. Boryor also wanted to know about tha sanple which wo
warn using. 1 told bin that tha aanpla had boon taken troai
oar royaler plant production. that it had boon aaaayod by
two chemical methods and a bio-assay nethod and tha results
showed it neats oar specification of containing lass than
1 ppn of the aynnstrieal tatrachlorodibanao-para-diexin.
Na also wanted to know who tha producers of 1,4,5-T wore.
1 tnld bin Dow, Monsanto, Barculas and Thonpson-Rayward.
Na than remarked that tha aanpla which Bionetios used was
fr m another aooroa and X said, yea, if it was tha sans
as had bean described in tha original Bionetios report on
carcinogensi since that saaple was fron Diaaond-hlkali, who
la no longer in the business of manufacturing 2,4,5-T.
Be wanted to know if there would be progress to report
during the course of the experimentation and X told bin,
s, there would, and be said they would vary such like to
kept up-to-date on the progress of tha teats. X replied
we would be glad to kaop his office inforand.

C

Dr. Barger eeened noet cordial and interested. Be made
no mention of the reguest tha BBC Teak force made to m
to extend the tine beyond January 1, 1*70, for consideration
of the petition proposing tolerances of 2,4,S-T. however,
the nature end timing of hie ioguiry leada one to suspect
he is "building a file", hopefully In support of tha reguest.
Dr. Burgur's. address is as followsi
Dr. Mward J. Burger
Offioe of Science and Technology
executive Office of the President
Executive Office Building
Bashington, D. C. 10504

J

<30

to

T T At

___ „ i os tbo National
asslth Balance at Raleigh* Nor+*i
__ Indianapolis la going to try to have Dr. Hobi
)
yet in touch with an and hops tally coplat of tha protocol
can bo nailad troai Naohington to Or. Burger. (Dr. Robinson
oallad NS iatar in tha day and arrangements wars aiada to
havo tha notarial typad In tha Nashington office and da11vorad to Or. Burger by nasaanyar.)

/•

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TH E

DOW

C H E M IC A L

C O M P A N Y

9008 Building
Midland, Michigan
December 10, 1969

E. H. Blair
Manager of Research and
Development
Agricultural Oep.arur.cnt
J.
J.
D.
R.
V
V?

C.
E.
D.
E.
B
K.

Hansen
Johnson
MeCollister
Haegelc

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CO
CD
CO

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Rowe^

The following is a report of the telephone call fro.?
Dr. Burger of the Office of Science and Technology, which
you referred to ne.
Dr. Burger told me that he was aware of the visit that
Dr. Johnson had made to Dr. DuOridge concerning the
2,4,S-T problem.
Dr. Burger indicated that he was interested
in learning more of the details concerning th* teratolog ical tests which Dow was going to conduct.
He wanted
to know the status of the tests.
I told him that the rae
study would be conducted first and that the rats w e r e on
hand and being acclimated.
The breeding would start on
December 15th, the dosing of the animals about six days
later, and the fetuses would be taken from animals sacrificed
beginning the week of January 9th.
1 told him that shortly
afterwards some gross observations would likely be available
but that the histopathologic examination of the soft tissues
and the clearing of the fetuses for observation of skeletal
development would take several more weeks.
I also indicated
that a similar test would be conducted with rabbits and that
these could not be started until sometime in January, but
that we hoped that the whole job could be finished and
reported in April.
Dr. Burger was interested in some of
the details of the tests including v e number of animals
to be used.
I told hla that f woulc
our Human Health
Laboratories to furnish him with a se. %f the protocols.
X called Dr. Robinson but he is in Washington this week.
S did talk to Dr. Molello.
He said that Dr. Robinsor. had
the proposed protocols with him in anticipation of a visit

i-

’ ÿW Ê Ê Ê M

V

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(JD

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(.
OCPAftTMCNT or h c a l t k «d u c a t o *. a n o w c l p a n e

July 9 , 1970

V u t lc iN Vacíelos No. 190473

DOW1 120083

Mr. » . » . M cC olllstor
I t a Dow Chastest Cnspaay
Vose O ffic e I h 1704
Midland, Michigan 40440
Osar Ita. McColllsCart
escara Co P esticida P e titio n Ho. 090475 proposing a tolaraaca

1

o f 0 .2 ppa Cor n e g lig ib le eoslduos o f Cha barble íd a silv a s oo apples,
ro ars, prosas, ríe s asd s a b o re a o s .
Ms acknowledge poor Lacear of Josa 29, 1970, In d icatin g analysas

■

o f 4 loes o f s ilv a s producad by Tha Dow Chaslc a l Coapany la 1947,
1944 aod 1969 showod no detectable sommes (la s s than 0.1 ppa) o f
2 ,3 ,7 ,8-toerachlorodlbanxo-p-dlosln.
S incerely yours, .

Draw N. Babor, J r.
D ivisio n o f Ragulaelons and
P e titio n s Coneroi
O fflc a o f CoaplLanca
Bureau o f 9oods and VaseLeídas
cc:
Pesticidas Regulación Division,
A R S, U SD *

R E C E IV E D

JUl 13
REGISTRATION

Mit

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*

• •• .

ift.UM

*
TM I

DOW

C H E M IC A L

C O k iP A N Y

t , KM»

m us

•M ••**■*!• */

• r . M « r < J. I « | i r
O ffleo of Ic lt t e t u d T tc h M lo o
b M U l« « Oíítem « f cba f n i U w t
M e iH w Of fie *
■«ablacto«, D.C.

205Ó6

M a r I r . lereer:
Mr. boarva lymm of m Hwy i «y k u te U «a of pour laqalrp sbout m t
rossarcb « n k m 2 ,1 ,3 -T , oooa to W l i l t U t H . V« sppraclsea p©«r
l a t t m t n i aro ploaaod to im d pou outllaaa of cba evo projaces
tbat ara aov y l r n i i . Iba acudías la raes ara sebadulad co bacía
Cba vaak «f PaeaoÉaT 15. I N I , and cba acudp la rabblcs w ill fa llo «
ia Jaauarp. 1»W.
‘

X f 7 0 « abould lib a C o ta^ulra abone asy pare o f olebar « f tbasa
pcaj aa t avellana, X v l l l ba | U i to dtscuaa cbao vlcb p e o . Va «111
approcla ta « 0 7 so n as u aad sucfaatlaas cbac pon v a p bao« o o o c o r a l á e
Iba projacta.
^

My v a llla c addraas aad talsphons aunbor ara as follaoa:
b a n VaalCb laaaarch fc Poualoposat Laboracorlos
bao Cbaaleal Cnpscy

*

baa 10
11—T r illa , Xodlaaa
ibaaat

217-434-1521

b t . 021«

Tbaab pac apala fav paor lacarosc la ib is pcoblao.

.<*
DOW

C H E M IC A L

n c r o c n r t o r o c a r o t t h a t o c o ic m m

COM PANY

or 2 , 4 , s - t z* n s u u n

Ia e ro d u c tlo o

A l l icaiy 1« 4u 1|m 4 ce evaluec* eeraeofealclty ef thè barbici*«
i,t,5*T le che rebblc «bea MalalictrM «rally tiriti Che perle*
•f arfaaefeaeala (*ay 4 threeph Itj lt ef geecadoe).

A. te p a rl— a n i Precet urat
I. hpiriaeml Deal*e
favaaCy eecura vtrtln feeale rabbie* vili be u*e* la Cbla
iCMy, The Ity ef laaevlaaeloa vili be eoe*l*ere* *ay 0
•f featacloo aa* orai aàelalacracloa ef Cba ceapouot vili
be*la ea *ey ( aa* ooeclaue Chroufh *ey 11 ef gaacacloa.
•vela* vili be ha*e* apoo cba tey 0 body valgbca aa* *n|
lavala vili be *ececalaa* by a 4eae ràaca-fle*las acedy
la pre*aeat rabbie*. Crepiti ef aaleala vili ha aa
follavat

•1
s
s

4
t.

la b b lt Pwpber

1 .4 .5>T (at/b s)

4501 - 4525
4524 - 4540
4541 - 4555
4554 - 4570

Caverei (T a b u le )
Dee* lavala v i l i be ta c e ralo e* by p re lle !aery to*«
ro a p e -fla tla t atutlaa la a
lim i ce* M b e r e f rabbie*.

Taae H acariai
v i l i ba a c r ile * by The Dee Cbavleal Caap iay,
oaapee«* v i l i ba preparo* fo t orai
la aa appropriace « a h i*le . Coat t o 1* v i l i
vablala.

DOv*874|g5

TH*

I o h I I ; H t m , r l r g l a fa m i* i l k l a t r t k k l t i t b u M
(ra
T te Boa C h a a le a l C—M « y , M lA U ai, H e h l* « * « i l i ka « a te .
l a k M t a «111 W l t e l r l t e a l l y Im m *4 l a f i t e r * la« « K iracfcaar
M |« i « te c o t e l t t e n t e a a l n ta u a a f chr«« «M ka p r l o r co « •« .

Aalaal« v i l i k« a* la ta la te «a « « o m m i x I c I rakklc che» ate
« t i r d i m |l M « t tk a a o a l l t i M l a i «a< ta a c la g f a r l « 4 * .

A ll aakklc« « i l i ka a r t lf le la lly la««teaatte. Saaaa v i l i
Va « lU c e td kjr a m i a ( aa a r t if ic ia l n | t u ia4 C lU ttd
te r ta a a a ia itla a vldk f k r * U U |l u l m I I m . O n la tla a
«111 ka l a te caf Vy a a la ti« 1 a t A t latriT taaua la ja c tlo a
a f p ita lta ry lac c iaia ta f kiia aai* |l* a a ja a t f i l a r Ca
taaaaiaatlaa.
C Ila i« a l Okaaraatlaaa
I«

f r« tell««g y
4 .

Iaa«alBat«l tea« «111 ka «te «rate telly terlat tka |aata*
t ir a parlai far al«M af atea« «a Irut affate. Mataraci
W 4 y «altkca vili ka raaartef «a gaacatlaa tey» 0, A, 11

m à 19.
•

1.

V a a t-te lla ««7
1« •aa u c lo a tey M , tea« «111 ka k lllt e ky « a rric c i
H a la c a tla a « a l fata««« «111 ka rvaeate ky aaaam a
aa«tloa. Ac ckla Ciaa «a«h tee«« «111 ka «scalate fa r
«■canai a k a a n a lltla « aa4 tea te lia te « « fa ta «111 ka
a.

Vw ieftaa a f f«c«s«a ^1 «taro

co
0 3

V

n u fo s n x c «tbbt or

n rm u u n

L 6 n L & .o a

m

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Xa a t t lt lt a , a a * v U k li k it w íll ka lacwkatsd fa r t m t y f M
k w n ta I t t i n l M H i r i n l ra ta .

i. P a u l Kaaalaatlaa
tía lacukatlea parlad « 1 1 faCuaaa « 1 1 1 la tillad,
aklaaal mmt atorad la 951 athaael. laafc (at«i «111 ka
* M k j M C a l Ca ( m
i aad lew ( S Z ) a a * n l f l c a c l o a «lacaral
aaaaiaatloa, tkaa clsarad aal atalaad witk alisarla rad far
•haletal aaaalaaelea. Ilatopatfcolsflc u l acbar acudías
« 1 1 1 ka A s m
aa ladlcatad.
P s lls w la c

C.

V w t la ta :

fc . 117 , 1970

K.A

la a ía l J.
h it M

¿ U ífe r d

C .

© a r k l* ,

B . f. lL

C lla la la a

Jm
L. h u ra s« , I.V .M ., Pk.D
h a tk a ltf lit

.'r

ApprewaA ky:

Vlr(ll I . Koklaaea, D .V .K ., Pk.D.
■ ta l,

P a tto U g y

4

T a s d a a la * y

D a yt

69

f> r.

1 . ■J’. u i . ' t r

O’
.lue of S

»rd Ti l

e C / M i e >ji t h e

l*.,v

P r e * i d»- r. t

L\fr;:»r Crj.ee J.mld.nc
Wathmcton, D. C. 20il:fe

A * per

r c n f fe irbho.-.ed

r e v e s t »■'

t we d . i t a •* e h a v e c i . ’ l i r . i

» jn u .in

lv .

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d ;b rn £ o * v*d ; >*m .

I t.i> f

th a t l b e ll» ' * w ill

»tJnrt bv i l i t m t c l M j .

« e re

d i f f e r e n t t i m e t a n- J t h a t t h e t e h u l e s

d e v e lo p e d

a l« a y t ri« v tly

th e

m i *,

I have

u m c ,

t h e u . u . t v.:> r . n * .»nd c . n n e . t p i g s i n t o ( A b l e *

it

L D .-v a iu e

(h it « h e n

10 r a b b i t s o f l i m e d

O th e r fo u r

s a triiic e d

S in c e re ly

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p le a s e le t m e Wnow.
,-»u?s.

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w h ic h «
l ta n

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yn

J 2 „g /V .* o f th e to a ic a n t

10 / ' 1 0 a c e t o n e « c o r n o i l ,
12,

not

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b e tt in fo rm a tio n

tee w e re

s o lu tio n in

t tr u s t th a t th ese d ata » . I I
i« ri n t ,

The

D e a t h s o c c u r r e d u n *i..\ t
s u rv iv e d u n til

the d a t a t u

th. -. t t h e »e d a t a

I d o r u ! h.ive d a ta f r o m

c n n be d e r i v e d .

a d m i n i s t e r e d a * a 0 . 0 0 1 ••
th e m d ie d .

Y ou w ; ll r o te

N e v e rth e le s s .

In s o fa r 4» r a b b it* « re c o n c e rn e d ,
re lia b le

» u rr.m a ria e d

*•! - . >, T , *t - t v i r a * h 1 s t o »

2d.

*)7 d a y » a f t e r

%**.;/ p u r p o s e s .

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be w f a n y

mm

DOMimBfT OF HEALTH BUCAT10N. AND M I M M

N k m iy 10» 1170

Midland, HIchlgM 40M0
Doer Or. flaw:
Thank j n vary w k fo r yoar la tta r a f Fabmary C and tfw iwaltti of
Infernotto« yav Included. Ivary b it a f Infernotto« «as a f consideratila
latarast ta aa. bat tha Oaw Analytical Hatted AM-M.11 which you
Intended ta laclaba I 014 aat find In this la tta r. Flaasa sand I t
ta aa at tha next apparta«! ty.

(

Tha data on tha ta a ld ty a f totrachlorodlbonzo dioxin ara quita
astonishing and aoat Infam ativa fa r as «ha bava novar asad this
conpoend sa that «a nay bo te tta r pr aparad ta tendía I t .
Just non 1 mcalvad a phono call froa Dow Chantcal Coapany and tha
problan af sblpnaat af tha dioxin appears ta te salvad. This should
anobio ua ta pot tha aaxt sat a f exporlaonts under v n shortly. I
also learned that «a «111 have tha various 1,4-0 and 1,4,5-T asters
available far our stadias at that tine.
Thank you again fa r tha Infernotto« and tha savias you aro aaklng
available for us.
Sincerely yours

SQ9830M^a
«

th e

DOW C H E M I C A L

COMPANY

900t MiMlnf
Midland, Michigan
Janaary 21, 1970
CONHDCNilAt. S-:.'£CT TO «JUNCTION
O C , tJX IM. 4-4-70/ DO W , CPA AGHcEMENT 9-79

E. B. Blair
8. B. Brower
N. B. Crunnatt
J. 0. Parnanda*
M. E. Getsendaner
J. C. Banaan
T. A. Bymas

B. B. Lanin«
L. J. Llppia
D. D. McColllatar

J . B . Jo h n«on

Dr. Jullua Johnaon haa aakad that X coordinate and keep a
record of all aanplaa of 2,4,5-T, 2,4-D and silvex (including
derivatives) that are sanpled during tha currant aurge of
terstologieal lntaraat to investigators aho wish to conduct
their own teeta. Lou Lipple haa bean inatructad not to
ralaaaa any aanplaa until ha haa cleared the* through aa.
Lynn will arrange for aanplaa through Jin Fernandes. Jin
will initiate all chemical aaaaya. Lynn will initiate
bloaaaays. Me will not sand any aanplaa until wa are certain
that they neat Dow opacifications.
X have sat up a saaple record aystea that includes a record
of identification, aaaaya, tha Methods used and the consignee.
Ma would prefer to supply only two types of aanplaa i
(1)

cornsrclal aanplaa that seat Dow specifications, or

(2)

laboratory reference standards of very high purity.

the laboratory reference standards will quite likely have to
be specially synthesised, purified and analysed by several
nathoda to establish identity and purity.
Investigators should be asked to carefully calculate the
anounta of the laboratory referenca standards (and their
derivatives) needed for their tests. They will be United
in supply, as they are difficult to prepare in quantity.
Tha sample of 2,3,7,1-tetrachlorodibenso-p-dioxin is quite
°"iy miligram quantities are available. We will

DOW028238

I . I . B la ir a t a l

-2 -

January 21, 1970

hawe V. K. Rovi oaataot invaatlgatora who want to naa thla
ooapouad to vor* oat tbair apacifle roguiraaonta.

DOW028239

^

A rataiaar cf
to S00 grana ef aaeh aaapla auppllad will
w kapt by loa Lippia, Agricultural Raaaarch Cantar,
9001 Building. Ba will alae procaaa all aaapla ordara.
Attachad ara adnutaa ef a aaating batwaan Famandaa, Oataandanar,
and Lyon to diaeoaa aaaaya, atc. concarning thia aattar.

abo

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CC.01.
II. it.
W. D. Cruinmelt, 57! J. U. .

, 574
V. K. Rowe, IE03
.miide/., 1710 1'. L. Dunn, 1803

Y! 1 B DOVJ

COM PANY

;
ANAIY1ICAI lABORATORIES

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1.086

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CRI (5), 50G

REPORT
825-1212-020
At kmc« _ W-JîJ!8—

199-0000-000

’"■"““ '•PIIYSICAL 'CCWUTAWS FOR 2,3,7,C-TETRAClILORODIBENZO-PMKMI.U_PI(2XJI'LAi!GL2»4J$r T___ ________________________________
The determination of various physical constants for 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin) and 2,4,5-trlchlorophcnoxyacctlc
add (2,4,5-T) were requested relative to the use of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
esters (orange herbicide) In Vietnam. The results arc summarized
below In Table 1.
Table 1
Solubility of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
in Various Solvents at 25"C
Solvent
Solubility, g. /100 g. solvent
or Weight PcTcent
o- Diclilorobcnzcnc
0.14
(a)
0.072
Chlorobenzene
(a)
0.057
Benzene
(a)
0. 037
Diloroform
(a)
Acetone
0.011
(a)
n-Octanol
0. 00 !8
(b)
Orange Herbicide
0. 058
(b, d)
Methanol
0.00)
(a)
Water
0.00000002 (b, c)
(a' N. E. Skclly, ALS 57-474, Dec. 8, 19C4, 574 Bldg.
(b) New data
(c) Calculated as ppb -0. 2 ppb
(d) Calculated as ppm - 580 ppm

.‘ŸI.C J-'.M
N. K. Phellv
4907
574

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April 13, 1970

-

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AL 14.698

Tablc 2
Solubility of 2,4,5-Trlchlorophenoxyaccllc
Arid In Water and n-Ucxanc at 25'C
Solubility, g. /100 g. solvent
Solvent
or'Wclglil I ’ercenl
0.0044
Water
0.0022
n-Hexane
Partition Coefficients for 2,3,7,8-Tetraclilorodlbonzo-p-dloxln
CDioxln (Water)
= 0.0003 *
cDloxln (n-Octanol)
cDioxin (Waler)
0.00010
CDioxin (Hcn/cnc)
*Calrulalcd value, see ‘'Partition Coefficients" In the Experi­
mental Section
Removal of Herbicide Orange from Corrugated Hoof with a Simulated
One Inch Rainfall
Orange herbicide spllecd with 10 ppm dioxin was applied to a
2 ft x 2 ft piece of corrugated roofing material at the level of that
used lit Vietnam (24 Ibs/aere, 0.27 nur/cnr’). The roofing material
was sprinkled with 2. 7 gallons (10 liters) of wider simulating a one
Inch rainfall. A multicolored oil film was noted on the surface of
the recovered water.
Following chloroform extraction, the Orange herbicide con­
centration present In the water was found to be (UV determination),
0.125g. or . 125g./l. 03 g. x 100 : 12'i of the amount applied
ppm Orange Herbicide In Wider - 12. Dppm
The dioxin level from the added spike would be 1 pg. Since
the total sample was only 0.1 g, this was insufficient at present for
a dioxin determination.
However, if tin- dioxin level inPranyc herbicide was 1 ppm
and the dioxin was removed from llie roof in Hie same ratio (because
of extremely p.mr ual> r s ilubili' •, it is more Ida ly In tic l e a s ) as

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Ihc Orange lici-bicld", (lie maximum amount of dioxin that could be
llicorctlcally present In the water would be 0.0000125 ppm.

JO

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Theoretical Level of Dioxin Thai Could be Present In Water If Orange
Herbicide Is Saturated with Dioxin
A saturated solution of dioxin In Orange herbicide was prepared.
This was analyzed according to the methods developed by II. H. Gill
cl. al. As reported In Table 1, the solubility of dioxin In Orange herbirTdeTs 580 ppm. If the dioxin were present In Orange herbicide at the
limit of solubility, and If the herbicide was dissolved In the water at
the 12.5 ppm level, the amount of dioxin in the water would be 0.0063
ppm. However, this value would exceed the solubility of dloxlifln
water which is 0.0002 ppm (0.2 ppb).
Experimental
Solubility of Dioxin
Solubility determinations were made by warming the solvent to
Its boiling point or 100rC, which ever was lower. Mg. amounts of
2,3,7,8-telrachloro(liben/.o-|>-dioxin (07'i 0 was added and the solu­
tion was placed on a mechanical shaker overnight. Solutions were
allowed to stand a minimum of six hours before they were filtered
through cellulose (for aqueous) or avlcel (for organic) 0.45 g Mill!pore filters.
Conceal rat ions in organlr solvents were determined by direct
Injection Into a gas chromatograph. Solubiiilv of the dioxin in water
was accomplished by extracting 1.400 ml of a saturated solution
with 30 ml of benzene. This was evaporated to a volume ol 0.4 ml.
The extract was then examined by gas chromatography.
Partition Coefficients
Fifty nil of water and an equal volume of the organic immisc­
ible solvent were warmed on the steam bath. Mg. amounts of ttie
dioxin were added and the mixture was placed on a mechanical shaker
overnight. The respective layers were allowed lo equillibraie for
48 hours. They were then filtered as described previously. The
organic phases were analyzed directly by gas chromatography while
the aqueous phases were extract» d v. ith tu’o ml of chlorofonn. These
chloroform extracts were then analyzed by gas chromatography.

1A & G 001088

rt£<{• ■"
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April 13, 1fiVO

-4-

AL 14-600

Since the solubility of dioxin In n-octanol Is limited (48 ppm)
■lid the solubility of n-octanol in water is poor (300 ppm), there
was not sufficient dio.:in present In a concentrated extinct of the
aqueous phase to obtain an absolute dioxin concent rat Ion. There­
fore, ■ thenret leal partition coefficient was calculated on the basis
of the actual concentration of dioxin found in the n-octanol layer
and the theoretical amount In the aqaeous layer based on dioxin
solubility iu n-ocianol and n-octanol solubility In water. Therefore
this value should only be considered an approximation.
The pas chromatography portion of lids work was carried
out by K. Wilke and D. Roberts of (he Gas Chromatography Section
for wliieh they deserve considerable credit.

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THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
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BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH LABORATORY S ./C /l ^ l £

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CBLORACNC STUDY CONDUCTED ON HEXACHLORODXla n o -p -D io x iN

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t t S I C f l •» M M C A fC B l a i l W R C MAT SI Rt«W«RftB *1 I P t C l i lC U l t l M l P#«
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A smeple of hexachlorodibenxo-p-dioxin (95% pur«) was received fro«
A. 1. Pohland of th« PDA and submitted to tha Biochemical Research
Laboratory for «valuation as a ehloraen«g«n.
Two 0.005% solutions of th« test material, on« in dimethoxyethane
and th« other in chloroform, were prepared. Bach solution was ap­
plied to th« inner surface of 3 rabbit «are, 5 days per week for
4 weeks at a dose of 0.1 ml/day. loth t«st solutions produced
chloracne responses. All skin contact with the test material should
be avoided.

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¿C9820AVOC

DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A,
MBLÀMQ. MCKCM
November 8, 1978

Irving J . S e lik o ff, K.D.
Environmental Science Laboratory
Mt. Sinai School o f Medicine
100th Street and 5th Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10029
Dear Dr. S e lik o ff,
I t was good to ta lk to you yesterday. This le t t e r is to confirta with
you that Dow s c ie n t is ts are pleased to accept your in v ita tio n to come
to Mt. Sinai and present a seminar on phenoxy herbicides on Wednesday,
December 20, 1978.
I t is IV (our) understanding that you wish us to present the s c ie n t if ic
data we have on 2,4-0, 2,4 ,5-T and related substances. The purpose
i s to acquaint you and your s t a f f with the data so that you w ill be
b etter able to plan and execute the proposed epidemiologic study in the
P a c ific Northwest.
The people we have selected to present the seminar are:
John Davidson, Technical Advisor to the D irector o f Research and
Development, A g ricu ltu ra l Chemicals Department.
Bernard Schwetz, D irecto r o f Dow's Toxicology Research Lasoratory
1n Health and Environmental Research.
Richard Koeiba, Head o f Pathology in the Toxicology Research
Laboratory.
Benjamin Holder, Medical D irector fo r Oow USA and D irector
o f Biomedical Research in Health and Environmental Research
Warren A. Crummett, Technical Manager o f A n a ly tic a l Labora­
t o r ie s .
V. K. Rowe, D ire cto r o f Toxicological A f f a ir s . Health and Environ­
mental Sciences (1 nay come along as moderator o r whatever).
You asked I f we had any objection to your In viting a few s c ie n t if ic
colleagues from such places as N1EHS and NYU. C e rta in ly not.

8 2

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #3

ro
1. J . S e lik o ff

November B, 1978

-

00

I mentioned to you that Ualter Helvta; Jr. K.O. , M.P.H. ar.d Sc.D. o f the
In stitu te of Rural Environmental Healh, Colorado State U niversity at
F o rt C o llin s might well be w illin g tscontribute. Or. K elvin is well
informed and has had a wealth of hums experience in the phenoxy h erb icide
area. He served with the A ir F o rc e .fr many years and has been d ir e c tly
involved in V ie t Nam, with the dispaml of the A ir Forces' controversial
inventory o f Agent Orange, with the fr e s o incident and presently is
engaged in an,environmental or epideoological study of some s o rt 1n
the Oregon-Washington area.
You asked what papers your people cold benefit from reading before the
seminar.
I suggest the following:
1.

Toxicology of Phenoxy HerSfcides and Hazard Assessment of th e ir
Use in Reforestation by Fnmk N. Dost, Ph.D.

2.

Long-term Hazards of Polydlorinated Dibenzcdioxins and Poly­
chlorinated Dibenzofurans. WHO - IARC Technical Report No.
78/001, a report of the Jdmt NIEKS/XRC Working Group.

3.

Chlorinated Phenoxy Acids ad Their Dioxins. Ecology B u lle tin
No. 27 from Royal Swedishfcadeny of Sciences, C. Ramel (ed).

4.

8k

Embryo Problems Posed by
Seveso Accident. H. Tuchnann. Duplessis, M.D., LeConcousKedical No. 44, Nov. 26, 1977.

I have included copies of the Titleapge of the f i r s t three o f these so
as to help 1n id e n tific a tio n . There are, of course, hundreds o f papers
but these reviews w ill give a good o e ra ll perspective and references
to s p e c ific s .
I am enclosing a copyof a tra n slatio n of number 4 because
I d id not expect that you had seen tto r might not be able to get i t in
time and I do think i t is important.
I hope ! have answered a l l the questbns you asked. I f you have s p e c ific
items you would lik e to have discussal, le t me know and 1 w ill do our
best to include them.
With best personal regards.

V. K. Rowe, Sc.D-^
D ire c to r, Toxicological A ffa irs
Health and Environmental Science
1803 B uilding
(517) 636-2376

Enclosure

kirr

bcc:

P. 6ehring
B. Holder
R. Kociba
8. SchweU

E .!la 1 r
ILCnsreett
¿.Davidson
¿.Donalds

83
W -

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #3

!

TOXICOLOGY OF CHLORINATED
DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS

BY

V. K. Rom Ik J. M. No r r i s . B. A. Sc h m i t z *
^ ^ G ^ J ^ - S p a a s c h u , a n d P. J. 6e h r i n s
Ch e m i c a l B iolooy Research
M idland , H i o u s a m

and

J. L. Emers on a n d C. 6. 6er bi b
Hum a n Health Research a n d Dev el opm en t Ce n t e r
Z io ns vil le , In d i a n a

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY

^ 0 7 5 2

a
fr# TIOH

DOW CHEMICAL U.S.A.
wiotAxa wcMeM

January 25, 1979

CO:

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i.ir9-7?

D.C. -O . /..i.
E. H. B la ir , 2020
W. B. Cruinnett, 574
J . E. Donalds, 9008
W. M. Gentry, 9001
F. 0. Hoerger, 2030
B. B. Holder, 2030
0. K. Jantz, 9008
R. L. Johnson, 2040
G. G. Jones, 9001
M. L. Leng, 9008
M. J . Mintz, 680
W. W. Muelder, 9008

DOW 043869 .

•< 2® 2P»

*JHOD TTOIW3HD MOC

k. 0. Moss, 9008
H. G. N o rris. 9008
R. 0. Olson, 607
E. S. Parsey, 834
B. A. Schwetz. 1803
L. L. Smith, 9008
M. J . Traynor, 2030
A. J . Vogel. 1710
S. J . Vranish, 9008
J . W. Weseloh, 9008
C. S. W illiam s, 9008

HEW YEAR PLANNING FOR 1979
CHLORINATED DIOXIN ISSUE MANAGEMENT TEAM

Accomplishments
1. Successfully defended the use o f 2,4 -0, 2,4,5-T and silv e x in
states where the opposition attempteo to pass le g is la tio n that would
ban o r r e s t r ic t use o f these products.
2. Id en tified lo ca l legal counsel In geographic areas o f greatest
controversy and aided In th e ir becoming s u f f ic ie n t ly w ell informed
so they can defend the po sitio n o f Dow as w ell as user groups.
3. Supplied a 12 volume document to EPA In response to the r is k
rebuttal portion o f the RPAR on 2,4 ,5-T . B enefit responses from
core than 2,500 users were received and logged in by the EPA Federal
Register o f f ic e .
4. The Dow Midland 2,4,5-T production group demonstrated the a b il it y
to co n sisten tly produce 2,4,5-T with less than 0.05 ppm TCOO. Progress
was made In having Oow 2,4,5-T production f a c i l i t i e s outside the U .S.A.
produce 2,4,5-T formulations with less than 0.05 ppm TCOO.
5. The long term feeding and reproduction study on rats with 2,4 ,5-T
was completed. The f u ll report was submitted to EPA as part o f the
2,4,5-T RPAR r is k reb u tta l. T h is , in addition to the TCOO study on
rats f u l f i l l s Dow's agreement to conduct long-term studies on these
two chemicals.
5.
The Council fo r A g ricu ltu ra l Science and Technology (CAST) revised
the Phcnoxy Herbicide report and an appropriate press conference was
held in ‘Washington, D.C. to announit the re v is io n . A favorable news
item resulted in U.S. 'I n s and World Report.
*<i t - iM i M ) u n i o> n a eon t n w e n

85

1

• *

.

• •

E. H. B la ir , et a l.

-

2-

January 25, 1979

7. A fter the m in ister o f health in the State o f V ic t o r ia , A u stra lia
declared a ban on 2,4-0 and 2,4,5-T an intensive investigation Mas
conducted. The fin a l favorable report exonerating the chemicals was
d istrib u ted to user groups a ll over the world. A s im ila r report resulted
from New Zealand a fte r investigations Mere conducted in that country.
8. Improved a n a ly tic a l methods fo r 2,3,7,8-TCOO and other chlorinated
dioxins resulted in reports to the Michigan DNR and U.S. ERA regarding
fis h from the Saginaw basin. A preliminary study e n title d "Trace
Chemistries o f F ire " presented the findings of a Task Force from the
Michigan D ivisio n investigating the probable source o f the TCOD found
in the fis h .
9. Antiherbicide groups in Minnesota, C a lifo rn ia and B r itis h Columbia
exerted considerable e ffo r t to force some type of le g is la tio n to ban
or r e s t r ic t 2,4-D in these areas. To date th e ir e ffo r ts have been
su ccessfully re sis te d .
10. Several pu blication s reporting on the health e ffe c ts re su ltin g
from the Seveso, Ita ly incident appeared. Translations were made o f
these studies and they were d istrib u te d to appropriate people.
11. Preparations were undertaken to gather the necessary information
to defend The Dow Chemical Company from the claims o f Vietnam veterans
regarding Agent Orange.
12. A fte r several years o f legal discussion the Charlotte Taylor product
l i a b i l i t y case involving 2,4 ,5-T and s ilv e x was se ttle d fo r $250 to
C. Taylor and $250 to her daughter. The i n i t i a l claim was fo r $5 m illio n .

I
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I

DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL #4

IM.6KWI m o o

V

E. H. B la ir , e t a l.

-3-

January 25, 1979

Plans
1. Continue a vigorous defense fo r the registered uses o f 2,4-0,
2 ,4 ,5-T and silv e x worldwide.
2. Encourage the holding o f a s c ie n t if ic conference that would provide
a means o f bringing together research investigators and presentation
o f la te st findings on 2,4,5-T/TCDD. Such a conference would a lso
serve as a vehicle fo r the preparation o f witnesses fo r an anticipated
hearing as a re su lt o f the RPAR decision on 2,4 ,5-T .
3. Prepare fo r an anticipated RPAR on s ilv e x . An exposure study fo r
the lawn application o f th is herbicide Is underway.
4. Hake the necessary preparations fo r Dow production and a n a ly tic a l
f a c i l i t i e s to lower the TCDD s p e c ific a tio n in 2,4,5-T and s ilv e x containing
products worldwide i f th is becomes necessary.
5. Continue the collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Dioxin Implementation Plan Committee In the analysis o f environmental
samples o f fa t and mothers m ilk fo r TCDD. Also cooperate with National
Forest Products Association on a mothers milk study in the P a c ific Northwest.
6. Although i t appears that 2,4-D has been removed from the U.S. EPA
pre-RPAR l i s t . I t could appear again i f the an tiherbicide forces apply
s u ffic ie n t pressure. In lig h t o f th is p o s s ib ilit y , steps are being taken
to gather the necessary Information to defend 2,4-0.

)
•J. H. Davidson
A g ricu ltu ra l Products

A g ricu ltu re! Products

8 7

DOW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL # 4

C•■»•«««•*

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An'iixl
H e a l t h And Environmental Research/Toxicologv R esearch

____ ^ ^ __

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I n c u n o t o x i c o l o 2 ic S t u d i e s I n v o l v i a r 2 . 3 , 7 , 8 - T e t r a c h l o r o d i b e n s o - p - d i o x i n (TCDD)'
«-

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in M i c e and R a b b i t s

33

CD

,
*N *
/PAGES
IN S U I L
nteOHi

NK'.-21-l, NBK-21-2, KBK-21-3, K U -21-4

IMiniamiHwwhmim HiW uWiniim l
►STINT STATUS

□

iiid w m . X iiw I

C D

f» » » '« e

C X j ■ M iiw w iw m n i t

D E K R m iV I SUMMARY WITH CONCLUStOMS

Ma Ic CO-1 alee and New Zealand White rabbits were given orally 0« 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10
wg/kg/wk of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) for a period up to 8 weeks.
The alee were sacrificed at 2, 1 and 8 weeks of exposure. Another group of alee aid
rabbits was innoeulated with an antigenic aixturc containing tetanus toxoid and
Freunds adjuvant to evaluate the Induced laeune reactivity. Splenic lymphocytes were
cultured in vitro with or without the selective.blastogenic agents (phvtoheaegglutinln
and pokeweed aitogea) and the incorporation of JH-thyaidine was Measured as an indi­
cation of relative blaat foraatioa. lesions attributable to TCDD were found primarily
in the liver of alee and to sane extent in the thyaus of both species, la nice, the
thyale changes were pronounced at 4 weeks after TCDD exposure but not at 8 wteks.
Exposure of aaiaals to TCDD, even at the lowest level (0.01 ug/kg/wfc), caused a
aarked increase la the thymidine uptake by splenic lyaphocytes. The blastogenic
response to phytoaitogeas was decreased at high levels of TCDD exposure.
Katiaatioa
of serua laaunoglobullas indicated an increase at low levels and a marked decrease
at high levels of TCDD exposure. TCDD exposure also reduced the serua aatiletauus
concentrations la both species and reduced the skin reactivity to tuherculla and the
antibody producing cells in the popliteal lymph nodes of rabbits. lesulta indicate
that TCDD at low levels of exposure causes an enhancement of iaaune responsiveness
stallar I t that produced by antigenic substances,
lamunosuppression occurs at
toxic lovels of TCDD exposure and an adaptation to this effect is suggested.

c o s t .:'

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DCW CHEMICAL CORP.

ROLL # 4

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MOUND, Michigan
March 10, 19o$

DO W

CH I M I C A L C O M P A N Y

P* M. R iley, Speelal Chemicals S a les, ARB
J . C. Tucker, Industrial Chemicals S ales, ARB
R* N. S a lley , International S a les, ARB
J . V. Karris, Chernies! Sales, ARB
L. B. Orsnt, Sales Administration, *7 Building
K. W. Peinauer, Chemicals Department, ARB
C. 0 . Kutchenreuther, Or*. Chem. Prod. D ept., 8$8 Building
I . C. Staehllng, Organic Chem. Products D ept., 178 Building
P. C. Amatutx, Herbicide Section, *41 Building
C. S. O tis, Bioproducts Department, Bloproduets Center
V. P. Palsey, Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Center
E. Y. Hansen, Bloproduets S ales, Bloproduets Center
0 . E. Lynn, Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Canter
R. C. Hoff, Chem. Prod. Qual. Serf lo s s , 172 Building*
V. M. 0111, Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Center
V. J . McCoy, Bloproduets S ales, Bloproduets Center
M. 0 . V llts e , Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Center
J . D. Doedens, Chemicals Department, ARB
D. E. Pleteher, Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Center
K. C. Barrona, Bloproduets Department, Bloproduets Canter
V. L. Corbin, Bloproduets S ales, Bloproduets Canter
-Bi-ft-T-Hoyle, Biochemical Research Laboratory, 1701 Buildlr.*
-\L__JLL-Rowe>>Biochemical Research Laboratory, 1701 Building

i
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at

HAZARD OP MONSANTO T ACID
•

*.

Rabbit ear t e s t s on twelve lo ts of Monsanto 2 ,4 ,$ T acid
have shown moderate to severe response In eigh t eases at
ten per eent concentration In eth sn ol. This confirms VPC
a n a ly sis for 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 -tetrsehlorodlbenzodloxln which was
found In concentrations averaging about 10 ppm.
This m aterial presents a d e fin ite hazard which would require
a l l the precautions used in 199 Building and 3*9 Building to
prevent Injury, i f I t is processed at 2 o 7 Building.
Dow's Involvement in shipping th is m aterial to Rlverdale and
Woodbury a lso concerns me. There la a d e fin ite risk to th eir
employees, e sp e c ia lly since they are probably unaware o f the
problem and are probably taking no precautions.'
There i s no assurance that th eir fin a l products w ill be free
of contamination. The availab le evidence points to the
opposite. Zn my opinion th eir produets should not be sold
u n til animal testa show these products to be free of a
sig n ific a n t hazard frr.rs *.*•* ter-seM 'rr'idibenzedlcxln 2 nd
related m aterials.

j

/

/

I

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? DOW CHEMICAL

%

■ '■■ •

TH« D O W CHEMICAL C O M P A N Y
v m T im
a in h in n
KZDUND,
Michigan
Mirah 29» 1969

fe,/.

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01

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I t i i H n n Laboratory

lng
aoii

V.
Riley
R. R. Malloy
L. B. Orant
C. 0. Butohaarauthar
f. 0. Asstuts
«. r. Fniaey
0. B. Lynn
V. N. 0111
«. 0. Mlltaa
D. B. riatohor
V. L. Corbin
D. 0. Irish
J. B. Peterson

J. C. Tuckor
J. H. Barría
R. M. Polnauar
B. 0. Stsehllng
C. B. Otla
B. Y. Banaan
B. C. Boff
V. J. NoCoy
J. D. Doadans
K. C. Barrons
B. R. floyla
B. B. Bolder, N.D.
8. B. Badale

REPORT OM TBZ CHIOMA CNE PROBLEM NEETZNO ON 3/21/69
Frasantt

Dr. J. Wllkenfeld and
Br. Rayawnd Verhoese, Hookar Chanlcal Corporation

t

’

Mr. Francis Kennedy and
Dr. Bd Chandler, Dlanond Alkali Company
Nr. C. I» Dunn and
Dr. John F. Frawley, Harculas Powder Company
V. E. racappad the Dow situation In tarns of the problan
and ttoa Initial studies by Toxicology and Environmental
Assearch Laboratory regarding ths in-plant situation. Be
expanded this In general terns to the study of end products,
ours and other peoples. Be made reference to syanetrloal
tetrech^oro-p-dlbensodloxln. Me referred to the evidence
for unxnowa senegens. There were cone questions fro« the
group about the unknowns. We (Dow) were not able to answer
these questions except to review the evidence for their
existence In the process samples end end produots.

confides ”.u •INJECT TO t:;.::aioN
D.C, ED. M L /-4 -7 lj DOW,2?A AGtfEMCNf 9-79

■

V. K.> Rowe

- a -

March 29,

1969

Dr. Holder reviewed the medical side of the Dow expcrlcnoci
he ««Id that we now have approximately 60 to 70 eases of
Individuals with ehlorsone ranging fron two severe eases to
sane very wild cases that were difficult te diagnose. He
showed slides of the aore dramatis eases. The slides were
exclusively views of the faces of the Individuals afrilotod.
Ms described in fair detail the appearance of the Indivi­
dual 11 mentioning the blackheads speelfloally. (to then
reviewed the clinical studies that are being made on these
people with emptasls ea the liver function tests, lie men­
tioned the single liter biopsy that has been taken end
studied In which the liver was normal although the man had
a rather pronounced ease of ehloraone. hr. Holder also
mentioned the lnoldenee of fatigue among the afflicted people
as being the only other significant finding in these folks.
Is touched briefly on treatment Indicating that various
topical treatments ware not particularly effective. He
desorlbed the cycling of this disorder in individuals who
had been completely removed from exposure. He mentioned
that some fellows are approaching the end of their trouble
two or two and one-half years after onset of the slcln dis­
order. He also desorlbed "asuta ehloraone" whloh is an aoute
Inflammatory condition that appears considerably sooner than
the normal ehloraone In Individuals and appear« after pro­
nounced 0Ingle exposure. The aeute ohloraeae shows up within
a few days of exposure. Dr. Holder mentioned five to eight
days specifically. There was considerable discussion by the
group on the akin disorder itself. The Hooker representatives
re litted experience of skin condition thirty years after expo­
sure. Their cases were more similar to the DowleIda bumps
which Dow has experienced In that there were large bolls or
large bumps rather than the multitude of small blackheads
and eruptions which Dow Is seeing In the currant eases.
Dr. Sadek showed slides of ears end livers of rabbits that
had been exposed to the symmetries! tetraehloro-p-dlbeosodloxln.
He discussed the pathology In detail whleh X will net attempt
to sunmsrlxe.
V. K. mentioned the studies in whleh the rsbbit eers have
been treated with 1CBD in bensena or corn oil and then
washed with eoap and water at various time lntervsls later.
If exposure occurs for very long, washing does little good.
He also briefly mentioned the oral studies but without
detail. Silverstain described the plant study on washing
of contamination from tools snd surfacss. This study
Indicated that bensena, acetone and Chlorothene MU were
!£'r!ei 1!* ln r**°!ln* “ »• contaminant iron tools and also
that detergent end water with scrubbing action could clean
up tools And equipment. Sens discussion ensued on the use

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Midland, Michigan
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tetf&ehlorobensodloKln ls nofcfjeheralls knowi. iHovettfi
dînas sou hâve Isolated the *â»è materiel from the bÿ^?
t\ A
ü lt *Products toi!) of yoUr trlchlorophenol proéeae *e hâve
chosen to turn fchis report otfèf .fco you * We ,Would ask^^;r
yoU| howevtr# that ÿou dommlt yôuraélvea to i maita^stashi A
polioy of strlet confidence wlth respect to tbie Informâtlori
and that y ou bould dtielose Lt to no one outiide of ÿour
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. Ve hope that the enclosad report (Expérimente en the
détermination (isolation) of ehloracne exéiters in the
production of Sft*5-T acid) of Dec* 9» 1956 *111 be of "
use to you in the solution of youi* ehloracne problem and
*e remain

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- During « brief Visit with your messere a Dr*“ Trapp #‘1;.
m e e k and Silverstelrt w# mentioned aseientlflc report/ in
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'From

Mr. H.K. Nason-M.O. 3 1 7
Mr. R.E. Soden-Nltro
Mr. L.C. Weger-Nitro^j

M o n s a n t o C h e m ic a l C o m p a n y

At- St. Louis, Mo.
Date

To Dr.

R. Emmet Kelly

June 12, 19 5 6

Reference

AT BADISCHEN ANILIN
ICHLORPHENOL

CHLORA
At Medical' Dept.
Persons Present:

Subject

Dr. H. Oettel
Dr. H. T. Hofmann
A . Palm (Ph.D .)
W. Soenksen (Plant Supt., part-time)

On the 1 7 th of November, 1953, Badische was producing a batch of
trichlorphenol from tetrachlorbenzene when the process exceeded control
pressure and temperatures similar to our incident at Nitro. No one was
injured at the time. Within one week, as clean-up was being carried
out, the first cases of chloracne developed. Fifteen or sixteen cases
(6 serious) developed within the next 1 - 2 months and additional cases
showed up during the next 1 0 - 1 2 months until there was a total of
5 O-0O cases.
w
I did not see our most severe Nitro cases nor have I seen photographs
of these cases. The photographs of the worst Badische cases show _
horrible skin eruptions with nearly blister-like welts and some ulcera­
tion where infection ensued. Areas involved included the face, neck,
arms, and upper half of the body. It is my impression that their
severe cases were much worse than ours. In addition to the skin mani­
festations, their men reported all the additional symptoms as exper­
iences in our workers, i.e, fatigue, vertigo, loss of libido, painful
Joints, etc.
About ten days following the incident, and after initial clean-up-,
Dr. Oettel vras asked to expose animals to the workroom atmosphere. Rab­
bits (in open wire cages) were placed In the operating area for 24-^8
hours. There were no obvious symptoms which developed in the animals
until one week after exposure - when they died. Autopsy showed liver
necrosis. Oettel thought there might be virus Infection or some other
cause for death until he exposed additional animals in the department,
others in cages suspended inside the “decontaminated” autoclave, and
some in the adjacent department. All died within 1-2 weeks following
exposure. Subsequently, animals placed in the cages v;hich had pre­
viously been in the department died of liver necrosis.
A thorough systematic Investigation has isolated impurities In the
trichlorphenol process (or residues) which will cause tne same effects
in rabbits. Liver necrosis will develop In rabbits at the following
doses of the Indicated materials:
15-20
1
0 .1
0 .01

mg.
mg.
mg.
mg.

of pentachlor naphthalene
of chlorinated diphenyl oxide
of residue from trichlorphenol distillation
of residue fraction from trichlorphenol (above 230°C)
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-2 Dr. Oettel believes that the most potent chloracnogen is a compoundsomewhat similar to chlorinated diphenyl oxide, .---- y r— — * ,‘but

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probably with additional oxygen atoms in the molecules.
He has cor­
responded with Don-.Irish at Dow who either reached the same conclusion
independently or, m mentioning the potential of chlorinateddiphenyl
oxide, influenced O e ttel!s reasoning.
Oettel believes, further, that
this impurity can show up in the production of any chlorinated phenols
and is probably responsible for any chloracne which has been, due
allegedly to chlornapthalenes, pentachlorphenol, chlorinated biphenyls,
etc.
Dr. Oettel has no faith in any animal skin tests for isolating chloracnogens.
He was very Interested in Kettering's work and was not aware
of the publication referred to in Dr. Suskind's first report and
which describes the cyclic skin development in new-born rats.
(Refer­
ence: Parnell, J.P.:
Postnatal Development and Functional Histology
of the Sebaceous Glands in the Rat, Am. J. Anat., 85**il, 19^9). He i3
convinced that the Bromsulphalein test reported in the attached reprint
is significant.
In this regard, Badlsche routinely uses this test
on each batch of trichlorphenol which they now purchase from Bayer,
and refuses to accept material which fails to pass the animal tests.
(I also learned at Bayer that they have experienced chloracne during
the production of trichlorphenol but 'have now licked the problem"
according to Dr. Hansen (chemist - Research Director At Elberfeld)T
Badische has been able to reproduce in the laboratory the conditions
which lead to the incident such as theirs and ours at Nitro and was
quite surprised that we had Dot been able to do so.
I was not given
the Nitro process information, i.e., temperatures and pressures, but
if I had had this information I am sure that I could have obtained
Badische's.
One of their chemists, a Dr. Palm, sat in on our dis­
cussions and was prepared to go into details.
He did mention that
"with 3 mols of trichlorphenol, methyl alcohol, and alkali, and a tem­
perature of l80°C,! the process gets out of control.
His remarks
are in quotes because he does not speak English and I'm not certain
of his remarks.
Dr. Oettel would be very happy to receive samples of any of our materials for investigation.
He would like particularly:
(1) Samples of any of the materials involved in our 19^9 incident
including tetrachlorbenzene, trichlorphenol, or Na salt and
any residues from the autoclave or material cleaned from the
equipment and structural members.
(2) Trichlorphenol

(or Na salt) from regular production.

(3) Any samples from raw materials, intermediates, and final
product which may have been involved in our cases which
developed during our normal 2,4,5-T production in the years
following the initial incident.

'Jfdi.Vi a
—

551
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He would be happy to exchange freely any and all information with
us and Kettering. • It was my suggestion that this be direct with
Dr. Suskind to eliminate "third parties.'’ He would routinely send
carbons of any correspondence to us and we could request Dr. Suskind
to do likewise. It is my opinion that this might save unnecessary
duplication of effort and expense. In addition, Kettering might obtainvaluable information to further their investigation involving human
volunteers.
I left with Dr. Oettel copies of the following:
(1)

The five (5 ) reports from the Industrial Hygiene Foundation
which discuss their rabbit ear tests.

(2)

Kettering's report - ’’Clinical and Environmental Survey at
Nitro, 1953."

(3)

Kettering's report - "Environmental Survey Carried Out In
Building 30, Monsanto Chemical Company at Nitro, February 2,
1956."

We reviewed thoroughly Mr. V/eger's excellent "History of Chloracne"
which he sent to me with covering memo dated May up, 1956, and which
included descriptions of Kettering's reports on their human and
animal research. I did not give Dr. Oettel a copy of this account
because I did not have permission to do so. As a result of my visit,
It may be desirable to edit this report somewhat and add further
process information before forwarding this to Badische.
Any specific recommendations are implied in the above narrative account
of my visit to Badische and must be based on an agreement that full
and complete exchange of information with Badische Is desirable and
possible.

Elmer P. Wheeler
EPW:dh
Attachment

C 1 5 58 1

50

A

- C Ü FSDEN TÏAL
4

CONFERENCE AT KETTERING LABORATORY
PRESENT :

R. R. Susklnd M.D. - Kettering Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio
- B.A.S.F. Ludwigshaven
H. Oettèl'M.D.
Germany
- Monsanto
E. P. Wheeler
- Monsanto
L. C. Weger

This conference was arranged to share Information between Badische,
Monsanto and the Kettering Laboratory on chlor-acne.
both Badische and Monsanto,

In the case of

the incident of chlor-acne followed the

violent decomposition of a batch of trichloro-phenate in process.
The Monsanto incident occurred March 8 , 19^9 and the German incident
in December, 1953.

Both cases were followed In a period of days or

weeks by an outbreak of chlor-acne of epidemic proportions.

Following the Monsanto incident Dr. Susklnd aqd the Kettering Labora­
tory have done extensive studies into the problem.

Dr. Susklnd

reviewed, in some detail, work and studies which were carried out .

In

the beginning, Dr. Susklnd related tests and studies made on four of
the more severe acne cases and presented pictures of the Individuals
Involved together with photo micrographs of skin biopses showing
acne lesions.

Dr. Oettel presented similar photographs and photo

micrographs of German cases which compared very closely with those
from Monsanto.

It appeared that the German cases may have been more

severe with regard to the skin disturbances.

It was also apparent

that the residual scarring was a good deal more pronounced.

Dr. Susklnd described in some detail, animal tests continued by skin
application and by inhalation using both sodium TCP and' 245T on a

C15582
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variety of animals including rabbits, rats (adult and baby), cats,
dogs and guinea pigs, etc.

While in many of the experimental

animals evidence of toxicity was manifest, there was no chlor-acne‘
developed.

Dr. Suskind and Dr. Oettel both agreed that the

so called "rabbit ear test", as developed and described by Messrs.
Adams, Irish, Spencer and Rowe, is unrealistic and non-reproduceable.
Since none of the very extensive animal experiments were successful
in the production of acne, a decision was made to employ human
volunteers in an attempt to find a means of evaluating the acnegenic
potential of various process materials.

In the first of these experiments, Halowax 1014 (a known acnegen)
was chosen as a control.

This was applied as a 20^6 application in

"plastibase" an ointment essentially consisting of 5$ Polyethylene
in mineral oil.

Halowax in this experiment was compared to 245T

and both materials were applied to the forearm of the human
volunteers and kep£?v in contact with the forearm on a continuous basis.
Extensive liver function tests were conducted every other day and
the volunteers were examined daily by a qualified physician who was
particularly mindful of possible liver changes.

In 2 to 3 days,

redness developed in the Halowax exposures and in 10 days there were
some follicular changes terminating in actual lesions.
evidence of skin changes in the 245T exposures.

There was no

Acne was produced

only locally1in the sight of exposure in every case, that is, there
was no systemic change.

(At other hospitals with large scale tests,

using Halowax, acne was produced in a l l .cases .except, people above the
age of 7 0 .

In no case was there any change In liver functions.)

C15583

-3 |

In a later series of experiments, Dr. Suskind described how three
• materials submitted by Monsanto were compared with Halowax using
the technique described above.

The materials from Monsanto were

all sodium triphenolate prepared as follows:
1)

Normal sodium TCP from a plant operation

2)

Sodium TCP made from distilled triphenol

3)

Sodium TCP made from trichlorophenol purified
by the Diamond Alkali technique

(dilution,

filtration, precipitation and washing)
In this experiment acne was produced in the Halowax control cases
and in the cases exposed to the normal plant produced sodium TCP;
no acne developed in the cases exposed to the treated TCP samples in
the concentrations used.
/
Dr. Suskind stated that the evolution of chlor-acne is very similar
to Acne Vulgaris.

Dr. Oettel and Dr. Suskind agreed that massive

doses of Vitamin ^ ( 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 units per day) are effective in Acne
Vulgaris.

Vitamin therapy was unsuccessful in the Monsanto cases.

Dr. Oettel was of the opinion that treatment was too late and stated
that they have found that massive doses given in the very early signs
of chlor-acne have often resulted in complete clearing of symptoms
in 2 to 3 w e e k s .
Dr. Suskind stated that there is evidence that people develop ache from
inhalation or ingesting of Halowax and Dr. Oettel agreed that acne need
not come from percutaneous absorbtion but also may be systemic in origin
Dr. Suskind stated that in the Monsanto cases the skin problem was not
disabling but the many other symptoms such as vertigo, aching muscles,
5 C o

to

PROTECTIVE CTCOER

C15584

to *

1

/*T
-4 -

>
?r;.. dyspnea and headaches were.

In close checking the varying secondary

T*u^
nptcms (once termed bizarre) it developed that all of the typical
o jr
symptoms were common *to both the German and Monsanto cases with the
exception of dyspnea and intolerance to cold.

Dr. Oettel stated that materials such as Halowax and trichlorophenol are not in themselves acnogenic but that the offending co n ­
taminant is an "oxidate".

Residues from the Badische decomposition

have been extracted and elemental analyses made of the extracts
(carbon, hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen).

Following this, a series of

oxygen bearing, chlorine bearing ring hydrocarbons were synthesized
and checked for anim 3 l toxicity, using rabbits.

Comparative acute

toxicity of four of the compounds are as follows:
(

1)

triphlorophenol - greater than 1 gram per kilogram

2)

tetrachloro naphthalene

3)

tetrachloro diphenylene oxide - 0 . 1 mg per kilogram

4)

tetrachlfero diphenylene dioxide

- 50 mg per kilogram

- 0.005 mg per kilogram

The latter compound (also called tetrachloro diphenyl dioxane) checks
more closely by elemental analysis with the extract of the residues
from the decomposition.
active agent.

Dr. Oettel is convinced that this is the

They have developed a liver function test for rabbits

which involves a micro determination of Bromsulphalein retention.
is used as a control test on purchased trichlorophenol

This

(feeding 1 .gram

of the sample per kilogram of body Weight to each of three rabbits).
If there is no more than 5$ of BSP retention in 5 days, the material is
jprovea for processing.

Dr. Oettel stated positively that there had

oeen no cases of chlor-acne in the 245T synthesis operation.
%?-

C15585 ^
s u b j e c t '

-5 a later conversation while returning to St. Louis, it developed
that, the 1S53 decomposition at Ba disc he Works did not occur early in
the hydrolysis as in the case of both Monsanto and Diamond Alkali,
but was in the stripping of excess methanol following the hydrolysis
when the batch was dehydrated and decomposed. The decomposition pressure
was relieved through normal pressure relief devices and the autoclave
was also left full of a mass of coke so hot that it was "gleaming".
Badische has been able to reproduce the decomposition of NA-TCP
by dehydration in the presence of iron.

(This appears to still leave

unexplained the type of decomposition experienced by Monsanto and
Diamond Alkali.)

Eadische no longer produces TCP but purchases trichloro-phenol from
ayer and uses the BSP test for acceptance or rejection of each lot.
Bayer professes to have had no chlor-acne but Dr. Oettel doubts their
veracity.

Dr. Oettel stated that Boehringer in Ingelheim, Germany had*

a slight decomposition in aodium TCP production and have had many cases
o f 'chlor-acne for many years.

Their trichloro-phenol gave high results

(positive) by the BSP tests.

Dr. Oettel volunteered to run BSP tests for Monsanto on samples which
we might forward to him.

Mr. Weger agreed to have responsibility for

following up on this work.

«
*

r ^ ,. **

C15586

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