# Local archive of key sources (beyond ./papers and ./toxicdocs)

Downloaded for offline reference. PDFs have `.txt` sidecars. Items marked NEEDS-OPERATOR
could not be fetched from this sandbox (DNS/403/login) — URLs given for manual download.

- **OK (saved — earlier 0 B line was stale)** — `PoisonPapers_B1575_Rowe-to-Frawley_1965-03-19.pdf` (83,497 B) + `.txt` (3,525 B) — DocumentCloud 3253794 / Poison Papers Bates B 1575 (the crown-jewel Rowe→Frawley letter).
- **FAIL(api:HTTP Error 403: Forbidden)** — `PoisonPapers_1A-1-563_Boehringer-Monsanto_dioxin` (0 B) — 3418422
- **OK** — `FDA_Threshold-of-Regulation_60FR36582_1995.pdf` (204,441 B) — https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-1995-07-17/pdf/95-17435.pdf
- **OK** — `Oser-Hall_GRAS_Substances_IFT_1972_quotes-NAS-1.0ppm.pdf` (406,374 B) — https://www.femaflavor.org/sites/default/files/5.%20GRAS%20Substances%20(3250-3325).pdf
- **OK** — `Senate_2,4,5-T_hearing_1970_witness-index_Frawley-ABSENT.pdf` (19,741,414 B) — https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/files/original/f10d95c8bf5c82674a141435ef70ba84.pdf
- **OK** — `CongRec_DailyDigest_D406_1967-08-10_Goddard.pdf` (1,611,909 B) — https://www.congress.gov/crecb/1967/GPO-CRECB-1967-pt29-Pages406-410.pdf
- **OK (saved via mirror — jina attempt failed at 312 B)** — the **565 F. Supp. 1263** opinion is on disk as `565_F.Supp.1263_AgentOrange_1983_opinion.txt` (54,856 B), obtained via the cetient.com mirror.
- **OK** — `516_US_417_Hercules-v-US_1996_CornellLII.html` (37,862 B) — https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/94-818.ZO.html
- **OK (saved 2026-06-10 via reader-proxy)** — `Rulis_1987_DeMinimis-Threshold-of-Regulation_textViaJina.txt` (21,843 B; 3,632 words) — `https://r.jina.ai/https://downloads.regulations.gov/EPA-HQ-OPP-2013-0821-0008/content.pdf` (direct PDF still 403s; this is the proxy's text extraction). Contains "duly noted by Frawley in 1967, using a different data base." (register D5).
- **METADATA SAVED 2026-06-10; body = operator** — `UCSF_rxfb0228_metadata.json` (2,036 B). rxfb0228 / tid **huo62j00** (17 pp.) = "[Letter from John P. Frawley to William M. Upholt Regarding the Bionetics Teratology Study…]", 4 Mar 1971 (register E1). Browser PDF: `https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tid/huo62j00/pdf`.
- **METADATA SAVED 2026-06-10; body = operator** — `UCSF_yhgd0228_metadata.json` (1,577 B). yhgd0228 / tid **mgb63j00** (9 pp.) = "[Letter from John P. Frawley to the Members of Ad Hoc Committee on Insignificant Levels … not Taking Active Part in Preparing a Draft Report]", 12 Jul 1968 (register D2 — the doc behind the NAS-task-force nuance). Browser PDF: `https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tid/mgb63j00/pdf`.
- **METADATA SAVED 2026-06-10; body = operator** — `UCSF_zqxb0104_metadata.json` (1,130 B). zqxb0104 / tid **kmw96d00** (5 pp.) = "STATEMENT OF JOHN P. FRAWLEY, PH.D. BEFORE THE HOUSE ENERGY & COMMERCE COMMITTEE SUBCOMMITTEE…", Mar–Apr 1994 (register F7 — the tobacco DRAFT). Browser PDF: `https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tid/kmw96d00/pdf`.
  > **Why the bodies were not auto-pulled (2026-06-10):** the metadata host (`metadata.idl.ucsf.edu`) and frontend (`www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu`) resolve here and gave full metadata — which **corroborates the dossier's titles/authors/dates for all three** — but the artifact CDN (`download.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu`) does **not** resolve from any route available in this environment (Bash, r.jina, WebFetch, allorigins all fail; not in the Wayback Machine), and the frontend `/tid/<tid>/pdf` route is JS-gated (returns the app shell to a non-browser client). To archive the page images/OCR: open the browser-PDF URLs above in a real browser (append `/ocr` for text), or request a bulk pull via `industrydocuments@ucsf.edu` / the IDL Data Sets. The three remain **[P-cite]**.
  > **Broader note:** **Bash has network access this session** — free, non-JS primaries (the three court opinions, Rulis 1987) were self-retrieved and saved. Genuinely paywalled (ProQuest, newspapers.com), JS-gated (UCSF IDL artifacts), or image-only (ToxicDocs JBIG2 scans) items still need the operator.
- **OK (operator-supplied; READ IN FULL 2026-06-09)** — `papers/1969 - Guidelines…Insignificant Levels…pdf` (NAS/NRC 1969 monograph; OCR `papers/nas1969.txt`; excerpt `NAS-NRC_1969_Toxicologically-Insignificant-Levels_excerpt.md`). Recommends 0.1 ppm (Frawley's figure) + 1.0 ppm by analogy; Task Force includes J.P. Frawley; cites Frawley 1967. DOI 10.17226/20376 — supersedes the earlier NEEDS-OPERATOR line.
- **OK (operator-supplied)** — `Summerson_FDA-BureauOfScience_paper_NationalConf_Feb1968_excerpt.md` — Summerson "sheer nonsense" paper, verbatim from *Food Chemical News* 19 Feb 1968 (the FDA side of the 13 Feb 1968 showdown).
- **OK (compiled 2026-06-10 from local toxicdocs)** — `1968_NationalConference_IndirectFoodAdditives_compiled.md` — the fullest reconstruction of the **13–14 Feb 1968 conference**: the printed **agenda** (3 sessions; presiders Delmore/Nelson/Summerson; speakers Goddard, Nair, Frawley, Summerson, Ramsey + 8 industry assns), the **9 Feb 1968 inter-industry letter to Goddard** (Locke), and **~13 pp. of near-verbatim *Food Chemical News* coverage** (19 Feb 1968, pp. 3–15; Bates ASI-PR 0000573–0000587) of every session. **KEY:** a **verbatim stenographic transcript was produced — Ace-Federal Reporters, Inc., Washington D.C.** (not yet located; the real acquisition target). Sources: toxicdocs `wjga43zZ…` (agenda), `Kza60dbJ…` (FCN reprint).
- **OK (snapshot saved 2026-06-10)** — `KellerHeckman_FoodPackagingRegulation_US-EU_PackagingLaw_2026-06-10.html` (+ `.txt`) — Jerome H. Heckman, "Food Packaging Regulation in the United States and the European Union," PackagingLaw.com (Keller & Heckman LLP). `https://www.packaginglaw.com/special-focus/food-packaging-regulation-united-states-and-european-union`. **INTERESTED SOURCE — read as advocacy, not neutral history:** authored by the **campaign's own lead counsel** (K&H = SPI counsel; ran the indirect-additives campaign). Footnoted; confirms the lineage (Dingell pressure → 1968 conference-as-cover → NAS monograph → Ramsey Proposal → *Monsanto v. Kennedy*). **Notable omissions:** mentions **Hercules 0 times** and frames Frawley only as "a former FDA toxicologist"; discusses the 1968 conference and *Monsanto v. Kennedy* separately and **never links them via acrylonitrile** (confirms that thread is unreported). Also confirms **Dr. Joseph McLaughlin** = FDA Bureau of Science, Division of Toxicological Evaluation.
- **OK (operator-supplied; see `papers/`)** — `Frawley_Reasoned-Approach_NationalConf_Feb1968_FDCLJ23-260_excerpt.md` — excerpt of Frawley's own 13 Feb 1968 conference address, *Food Drug Cosm. Law J.* 23(5):260–270 (the Frawley side of the showdown). Full PDF: `papers/food_drug_1968_v23_n5.pdf`; OCR: `papers/fdclj_1968.txt`.

## De minimis legal lineage — court opinions (self-retrieved 2026-06-10; see `10_DE_MINIMIS_LEGAL_LINEAGE.md`)
*Pulled this session via Bash + reader-proxy after the free reporter hosts CAPTCHA-walled WebFetch; verbatim
quotes cross-checked against the local 1995 FR (`FDA_Threshold-of-Regulation_60FR36582_1995.txt`).*
- **OK** — `Monsanto-v-Kennedy_613F2d947_DCCir-1979_opinion_CourtListener.txt` (35,818 B) — CourtListener
  opinion 7840898, via `https://r.jina.ai/https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/7893633/monsanto-co-v-kennedy/`.
  Holds the **de minimis** passage at **613 F.2d 956** ("latitude inherent in the statutory scheme…";
  "so negligible as to present no public health or safety concerns"). Leventhal, J.; SPI a co-petitioner.
- **OK** — `PublicCitizen-v-Young_831F2d1108_DCCir-1987_opinion_law.resource.org.html` (78,397 B) —
  `https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/831/831.F2d.1108.86-5150.86-1548.html`. Williams, J.;
  Delaney admits **no de minimis** (Orange No. 17 "one in 19 billion"; ordered off "with some reluctance").
- **OK** — `Les-v-Reilly_968F2d985_9thCir-1992_opinion_CourtListener.txt` (22,839 B) — CourtListener via
  `https://r.jina.ai/https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/586411/`. Schroeder, J.; Delaney bars de minimis
  for carcinogenic **pesticide** residues; cites NAS 1987 *Delaney Paradox*.

### Lateral "numerology heirs" library (collected 2026-06-11 — see `papers/lateral/_LIBRARY.md` + `_WISHLIST.md`)
*23 lateral-component primaries for `_workflow_results/LATERAL_GAPS_2026-06-11.md`: **9 self-fetched** + **10
operator Taildrops** (Mantel & Bryan 1961; Kelly 1991; Rulis 1992; Ames-Magaw-Gold 1987 *Science*; Neltner 2013
*JAMA*; Lehman & Fitzhugh 1954; Weil 1972; Dourson & Stara 1983; Bryan & Shimkin 1943; Perera & Boffetta 1988) +
**4 via operator `doc_retrieve`/scidb** (Barnes & Dourson 1988, H21; Castleman & Ziem 1988, H22; Roach & Rappaport
1990, H23; Travis et al. 1987, H24 — all title-verified; `doc_retrieve` batch 4/4, Travis on the 3rd attempt).
The factor-of-100 / safety-factor / TLV threads (H16–H24) are now primary-backed end to end. All title- AND content-verified (one self-fetch mis-fetch caught: Europe PMC
PMC433250 ≠ Ames 1973, replaced PMC433718). The 5 Taildropped items were operator-sourced (two via Anna's Archive)
and are recorded as **operator-supplied**; graded on the primary actually read. Remaining wishlist in `_WISHLIST.md`.*
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/mantel-bryan1961_jnci_safety-testing-carcinogenic-agents.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Mantel & Bryan 1961, *J. Natl. Cancer Inst.* 27(2):455–470 (DOI 10.1093/jnci/27.2.455). The **original 10⁻⁸ "virtually safe dose"**; authors call every input "**arbitrary**"; no earlier justification for the number (only the prior "arbitrary safety factor" + a 1960 Delaney-era hearing). Excerpt `MantelBryan_1961_virtually-safe-dose_excerpt.md`; register **H11**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/kelly1991_myth-of-10-6-acceptable-risk.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Kelly, "The Myth of 10⁻⁶ as a Definition of Acceptable Risk" (A&WMA 1991, updated). 10⁻⁶ "has **no scientific or regulatory basis**"; officials' confessions; Mantel "pulled it out of a hat"; corroborates the DES/SOM 10⁻⁸→10⁻⁶ chain. Excerpt `Kelly_1991_myth-of-10-6_excerpt.md`; register **H12**. **[P]** (claims = authoritative **[2]**).
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/rulis1992_acs484_threshold-of-regulation.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Rulis 1992, *Food Safety Assessment*, ACS Symp. Ser. 484, ch.14, pp.132–139 (DOI 10.1021/bk-1992-0484.ch014). The **477-carcinogen potency-distribution** derivation = "Ref. 1" behind the 1995 rule's 0.5 ppb. Excerpt `Rulis1992_477-carcinogen-threshold_excerpt.md`; register **H13**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/ames-magaw-gold1987_science_ranking-carcinogenic-hazards.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Ames, Magaw & Gold 1987, *Science* 236(4799):271–280 (DOI 10.1126/science.3563506). The **HERP** table. Folded into `Ames_1973-1990_natures-pesticides_excerpt.md`; register **H14**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/neltner2013_jama_gras-conflicts-of-interest.pdf` (+`.txt`; +regulations.gov mirror) — Neltner et al. 2013, *JAMA Intern. Med.* 173(22):2032–2036 (DOI 10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.10559). GRAS-COI: 451 notifications → **22.4% / 13.3% / 64.3% / 0% independent**. Folded into `GRAS_self-determination_GAO-NRDC-FR2016_excerpt.md`; register **H15**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-11 via RapidILL; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/lehman-fitzhugh1954_100-fold-margin-of-safety.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Lehman & Fitzhugh 1954, "100-Fold Margin of Safety," *Q. Bull. AFDO* 18:33–35. The **shared factor-of-100 trunk** (essay-one keystone) the 10⁻⁶ method was built to replace (Rodricks H1); "a good target but not an absolute yardstick." Register **H16**; indirect-root analysis in `Rodricks2019-Crump2018_10-6-origin_excerpt.md` + `10` §3.5. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/rodricks2019_risk-assessment-came-to-washington.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Rodricks 2019, *Dose-Response* 17(1) (PMC6366000). Firsthand memoir: DES Proviso; Mantel's 10⁻⁸ "virtually safe"; **Hutt's 10⁻⁶ "safe dose"**. Excerpt `Rodricks2019-Crump2018_10-6-origin_excerpt.md`. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/crump2018_doseresponse_VSD-history.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Crump 2018, *Dose-Response* 16(4) (PMC6295697). Single-cell/no-threshold realization; Mantel-Bryan 1961 procedure. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/ames1973_pnas_carcinogens-are-mutagens.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Ames et al. 1973, *PNAS* 70(8):2281 (PMC433718). The Ames test. Excerpt `Ames_1973-1990_natures-pesticides_excerpt.md`. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/ames1990_pnas_dietary-pesticides-99-99-natural.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Ames, Profet & Gold 1990, *PNAS* 87(19):7777 (PMC54831). "99.99% all natural"; residues "insignificant." **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/ames-gold1990_pnas_too-many-rodent-carcinogens.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Ames & Gold 1990, *PNAS* 87(19):7772 (PMC54830). "Half are rodent carcinogens"; MTD critique. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/epa2002_RfD-RfC-process-review.pdf` (+`.txt`) — U.S. EPA 2002, EPA/630/P-02/002F. The RfD uncertainty-factor tower (×10 defaults). Excerpt `EPA2002_RfD-uncertainty-factor-tower_excerpt.md`. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/gao-10-246_2010_GRAS-oversight.pdf` (+`.txt`) — GAO-10-246 (Feb 2010, via Wayback). GRAS "without FDA's approval or knowledge." Excerpt `GRAS_self-determination_GAO-NRDC-FR2016_excerpt.md`. **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/fr2016_GRAS-final-rule_81FR54960.pdf` (+`.txt`) — FDA 2016, 81 FR 54960. GRAS notification "voluntary." **[P]**
- **OK** — `papers/lateral/nrdc2014_generally-recognized-as-secret.pdf` (+`.txt`) — NRDC 2014 (Neltner & Maffini). 275 chemicals/56 companies undisclosed GRAS; ~1,000 "secret." **[2]** (advocacy NGO).
- **OK (operator Taildrop un-OCR'd 2026-06-12; OCR'd 2026-06-13; READ IN FULL)** — `papers/lateral/color-additives-hearing_86thCong_H.R.7624-S.2197_1960.pdf` (+`.sidecar.txt`, 44,824 lines) — Color Additives Amendment Hearings (86th Congress, 2d Session, January–February 1960). **Register D14.** The foundational de minimis debate for carcinogens: **pro** (industry, natural carcinogens exist at higher levels, zero tolerance is "hysteria"); **anti** (NAS Subcommittee on Carcinogenesis, Mider/NCI, FDA Commissioner Larrick — "vagueness of present knowledge," single doses cause cancer, no safe threshold, ban stilbestrol). Occurred **before the DES Proviso (1962)** institutionalized carcinogen de minimis. Excerpt: `sources/Color-Additives-Hearing-1960_de-minimis-debate.md`. **[CONFIRMED-primary]** (1000+ pp. searchable OCR'd).

### Lateral batch 2 — the radiation/no-threshold root + the de minimis heirs (operator drops 2026-06-11/12; CLOSE-READ 2026-06-13)
*The wishlist §🔵 "indirect root" rows + the 🔴/🟡 govt/book targets `doc_retrieve` couldn't fetch, dropped by the
operator and read here. Register **H25–H31**. These carry the lineage **back** (radiation single-hit →
acceptable-risk) and **forward** (the carcinogen-side 10⁻⁶ inside Delaney; the NAS "same yardstick").*
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/FDA_SOM-rule_52FR49572_1987-12-31.pdf` (+`.txt`) — FDA "Sensitivity of the Method" final rule, **52 FR 49572–49590** (31 Dec 1987; 21 CFR 500 Subpart E). The **carcinogen-side 10⁻⁶ written into law**: permitted residue = the concentration at "a maximum lifetime risk… on the order of **1 in 1 million**," reached via an "**operational definition of 'no residue'**" (FDA expressly distinguishes this from the *de minimis* doctrine). Records the number as a chosen **consensus** (10⁻⁵/10⁻⁴ "might also" be insignificant) that must be "high enough to permit the use of carcinogenic animal drugs." Excerpt `FDA_SOM-rule_52FR49572_1987_no-residue-10-6_excerpt.md`; register **H25**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/crump-hoel-langley-peto1976_cancer-res_fundamental-carcinogenic-processes.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Crump, Hoel, Langley & Peto 1976, *Cancer Res.* 36:2973–2979 (PMID 975067). The **linear-at-low-dose method bridge** (additivity-to-background → linearity under almost any model); turns *against* Mantel-Bryan probit; **footnote 3** concedes "no compelling reason" 10⁻⁸ over 10⁻⁶; names the radiation precedent "20 years ago." Excerpt `CrumpHoelLangleyPeto1976_linear-at-low-dose_excerpt.md`; register **H26**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-11; READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/lowe1989_rtp_risk-assessment-credibility-fda-perspective.pdf` (+`.txt`) — Mary Frances Lowe (FDA), "Risk Assessment and the Credibility of Federal Regulatory Policy: An FDA Perspective," *Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol.* 9:131–141 (1989; DOI 10.1016/0273-2300(89)90030-5). FDA's open defense of "a common sense **de minimis interpretation of the 'Delaney clause'**"; narrates *Public Citizen v. Young* in real time; same RTP vol. as Frawley A4. *(Originally dropped under a download-tool filename containing "Anna's Archive" — a naming artifact, not the source; properly sourced; renamed to convention 2026-06-13.)* Excerpt `Lowe1989_FDA-de-minimis-Delaney-defense_excerpt.md`; register **H27**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/HR3980-hearing_87thCong_food-additives_feb-mar1961.pdf` (=`CHRG-87hhrg66738.pdf`, +`.txt`) — House Interstate & Foreign Commerce hearing on **H.R. 3980** (87th Cong., Feb 28–Mar 1 1961), extending the 1958 Food Additives Amendment grace period. **Delaney** testifies ("strengthened rather than relaxed… an open end bill would be a retreat") and **Dingell** works timelines with Commissioner Larrick — the two-pole framing in one room. Excerpt `HR3980-hearing-1961_Delaney-Dingell_excerpt.md`; register **H28**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/NBS-handbook59_NCRP_permissible-dose-external-ionizing-radiation_1954.pdf` (+`.txt`) — NBS Handbook 59 / NCRP Report 17 (1954). The **"tolerance dose → permissible dose" pivot**: "no threshold dose for the production of gene mutations… no such thing as a tolerance dose"; replaces safety with "**readily acceptable**" risk; "a factor of two, or even ten, does not materially alter… absolute safety." Excerpt `NBS-Handbook59_1954_acceptable-risk-permissible-dose_excerpt.md`; register **H29**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; Exec. Summary READ IN FULL 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/NRC1996_carcinogens-and-anticarcinogens-human-diet.pdf` (+`.txt`) — NRC 1996, *Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet* (NAP 5150; DOI 10.17226/5150). The **NAS "same yardstick"**: "no notable mechanistic difference… no clear difference between the potency of… naturally occurring and synthetic carcinogens" (200+ agents, 65 natural) — but declines Ames's de minimis conclusion (gaps; risk implications "remain controversial"). Excerpt `NRC1996_same-yardstick_excerpt.md`; register **H30**. **[P]**
- **OK (operator drop 2026-06-12; WHOLE BOOK OCR'd + CLOSE-READ 2026-06-13)** — `papers/lateral/lea1946_actions-of-radiations-on-living-cells_2nd-ed.pdf` → searchable `…_2nd-ed_OCR.pdf` (PDF/A) + full `-layout` sidecar `…_2nd-ed.txt` (24,708 ll.) — D. E. Lea, *Actions of Radiations on Living Cells* (CUP, 1946/1955), **Ch. III "The Target Theory"** + **Ch. V "Genetical Effects."** The **single-hit / no-threshold origin**: gene mutation = "due to a single ionization" → exponential, threshold-free dose-effect; Drosophila mutation yield "**proportional to the dose and independent of the intensity**" over "nearly a millionfold variation of intensity" (single-quantum signature). Mantel & Bryan (1961) cite Lea (their ref 12). Excerpt `Lea1946_target-theory-single-hit_excerpt.md`; register **H31**. **[P]** (whole book OCR'd).
- **OK (self-fetched 2026-06-13 from archives.federalregister.gov; operator-supplied exact slice URLs; READ)** — the **earlier DES "Sensitivity of the Method" rulemakings** (text-layer FR slices): `papers/lateral/SOM-DES_38FR19226_1973-07-19_proposed.pdf/.txt` (proposed, 19 Jul 1973), `…42FR10412_1977-02-22_final.pdf/.txt` (final, 22 Feb 1977, slice 10385–10440), `…44FR17070_1979-03-20_reproposed.pdf/.txt` (reproposed, 20 Mar 1979, slice 17022–17076). **The dated origin of 10⁻⁶:** 1973 sets it at **10⁻⁸ (Mantel, "arbitrary")** → **1977 final moves it to "1 in 1 million"** → **1979 §8 defends it** ("unduly limiting… be as high as possible in order to permit the use of carcinogenic animal drugs"). Corroborates/dates Rodricks-Hutt (H1). Excerpt `SOM-DES_1973-1979_10-8-to-10-6_origin_excerpt.md`; register **H32**. **[CONFIRMED-primary]**
- **OK (research synthesis 2026-06-13) — the radiation/military "acceptable-risk" numbers (AEC link)** — excerpt `Radiation-acceptable-risk_AEC-ICRP-NCRP_de-minimis_excerpt.md`; register **H33**. **The 10⁻⁶ is NOT a radiation/AEC number:** NBS-59's committee (Army/Navy/AF/AEC, "advent of atomic energy") used a **dose limit (0.3 r/week)**, not a probability **[P via H29]**; radiation's own "negligible/de minimis" figure is **NCRP NIRL ≈ 10⁻⁷/yr (≈10⁻⁵ lifetime)**, occupational ≈10⁻⁴/yr **[2]**; chemical-ToR + radiation-negligible-risk joined in *De Minimis Risk* (1987) **[2]**; a U.S. Army/NAS review (NAP 10974, 2004) recounts the **10⁻⁸→10⁻⁶** FDA history **[2]** (corroborates H32). **[2] (web) + [P] (NBS-59 committee, H29)**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-13; title-verified; ch. 11 READ)** — `papers/lateral/whipple1987_de-minimis-risk_vol2_plenum.pdf` (+`.txt`, 9,933 ll.) — **Chris Whipple (ed.), *De Minimis Risk*** (Contemporary Issues in Risk Analysis v. 2, Plenum 1987; DOI 10.1007/978-1-4684-5293-8). **The convergence volume.** Ch. 11 (Meinhold, NCRP) = radiation **NIRL 10⁻⁷/yr (1 mrem/yr)**, acceptable 10⁻⁵/yr, cutoff "selected following consideration of lower and higher numbers"; ch. 8 (Flamm…**Rulis**…) = chemical 10⁻⁶ ToR (1987 precursor to Rulis 1992/H13); ch. 6 (Travis & Richter). **Flips H33's radiation numbers [2]→[P].** Register **H34**. **[CONFIRMED-primary]** *(was the Priority-1 target of the radiation/AEC thread).* — *Also retrieved, same series, kept: `covello1986_risk-evaluation-and-management_vol1_plenum.pdf` (v.1) and `travis1988_carcinogen-risk-assessment_vol3_plenum.pdf` (v.3; dup of the earlier Anna's-Archive copy).*
- **OK (close-read 2026-06-13) — *De Minimis Risk* ch. 6 + ch. 8** — excerpt `DeMinimisRisk-1987_ch6-ch8_chemical-de-minimis_excerpt.md` (register **H34**). **Ch. 6 (Travis & Richter):** de minimis carcinogen level "varies from **10⁻⁴ to 10⁻⁶ depending on population impact**" (10⁻⁶ = the whole-population floor; the level-companion to H24). **Ch. 8 (Flamm/Rulis):** Gaussian potency distribution + linearity → 1 ppt cutoff; "any risk level could be chosen"; **Ref. 1 = *Monsanto v. Kennedy* (1979)**. **[CONFIRMED-primary]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-13; READ) — three radiation/military primaries** (detail in `Radiation-acceptable-risk_AEC-ICRP-NCRP_de-minimis_excerpt.md §4–4a`): **ICRP-26 (1977)** `ANIB_1_3.pdf` — occupational acceptable risk = "safe industry" fatal-accident rate (~10⁻⁴/yr), register **H35**; **Army NAP 10974 (2004)** `10974.pdf` — **deployed-soldier acceptable cancer risk = 1×10⁻⁴** ("a policy decision… how much risk the military should accept"), recounts FDA 10⁻⁸→10⁻⁶ citing 38/44 FR + Rodricks, register **H36**; **NAS I-131 Nevada-bomb-test volume** `Bookshelf_NBK100842.pdf` — AEC-era "maximum permissible dose/concentration" standards, AEC Division of Biology & Medicine Fallout Studies Branch, register **H37**. **[CONFIRMED-primary]**
- **OK (operator Taildrop 2026-06-13; READ IN FULL) — the Soviet counter-pole** — `papers/lateral/healthphysics1991_filyushkin_350mSv_soviet.pdf` (+`.txt`) — I. V. Filyushkin (Inst. of Biophysics, Moscow), "Concept of a 'Lifetime Dose' of 350 mSv," *Health Physics* 61(3):401–404 (1991). Post-Chernobyl USSR **350 mSv lifetime dose limit**; "the concepts of **risk and acceptable risk are rejected categorically**" (Soviet threshold "socialist hygiene"); defended as "far too **low**," not "inhumane." 350 mSv ≈ **10⁻⁴/yr** — ~1000× the NCRP public-negligible 10⁻⁷/yr, ~10⁴× the FDA 10⁻⁶. **Rhetorical absolutism ≠ stringency.** Excerpt `Filyushkin1991_soviet-350mSv_acceptable-risk-rejected_excerpt.md`; register **H38**. **[CONFIRMED-primary]**
- **OK (pulled 2026-06-13) — space-flight risk side panel** — excerpt `Spaceflight-risk_Feynman-PateCornell-NYT_excerpt.md` (register **H39–H41**). The shuttle's moving round number: **Feynman App F (1986)** `Feynman_RogersReport_AppendixF_shuttle-reliability.txt` — management "1 in 100,000… to the point of fantasy" vs engineers' "1 in 100"; "nature cannot be fooled" **[P, H39]**. **Paté-Cornell & Dillon (2001)** `papers/lateral/patecornell-dillon2001_shuttle-PRA-history.pdf` (Taildrop) — SRB 10⁻⁵/flight "without any formal systems analysis"; PRA "clashed with… safety factors" **[P, H40]**. **NYT/Broad (2005)** `NYT_2005-07-26_shuttle-risk-1-in-100.txt` — 1-in-100,000 → 1-in-50 → 1-in-254 → 1-in-100; actual 1-in-57 **[2, H41]**. Adds the **astronaut (~10⁻²/flight)** to the "who bears the risk" ladder.
- **OK (assembled 2026-06-13) — the Farnham memo, cited directly** — excerpt `Farnham-memo_1965_Frawley-Hercules_excerpt.md` (register **DOC B**). J. P. Frawley's confidential 12 Jul 1965 memo of a 9 Jul 1965 call with **Earl Farnham (Dow)** — Dow "extremely frightened that this situation might explode," competitors' 2,4,5-T with "alarming amounts of acnegen," "particularly fearful of a congressional investigation." **Doubly attested:** verbatim in the veterans' MDL brief (`toxicdocs/…jyBDvYGz…txt`) **and** in Dow's own *DOW DATA — Privileged & Confidential* index (DocumentCloud `3418806`, Bates **A303 / 650712**, "better copy at p. B18977"). Wired into the de minimis essay as `{{cite:farnham_memo}}`. **[CONFIRMED-primary] (content)**.
- **OK (extracted 2026-06-13) — the Agent Orange vacatur, cited directly** — excerpt `AgentOrange-vacatur_516US417_597FSupp740_excerpt.md`. The Supreme Court's recitation in *Hercules, Inc. v. United States*, **516 U.S. 417 (1996)** (held `516_US_417_Hercules-v-US_1996_CornellLII.html`): Chief Judge Weinstein **withdrew Pratt's SJ opinion before judgment was entered** and reinstated Hercules as a defendant (*In re "Agent Orange"*, **597 F. Supp. 740, 753 (E.D.N.Y. 1984)**); $180M settlement May 1984. Wired in as `{{cite:hercules_scotus}}`. **[CONFIRMED-primary]**.