It is apparent that each resin must be Newport has increased its research ef- evaluated individually in the elastomer forts in the field of adhesives in the firm combination to be used by the customer. belief that the usage of rosin and turpentine Few general predictions can be made con- based resins will continue to grow. Many cerning the tackifying properties of other petroleum resins are being advanced as types of any resin in any elastomer, and even potential adhesive additives. An expanded excellent tackifying effectiveness in one program of research and technical service elastomer does not guarantee the same ex- will be needed to maintain the superiority of cellent properites of other types of synthetic naval stores products. Such a program is rubber. For instance, although the NIREZ considered essential if the naval stores in- polyterpenes have been found to be superior dustry is to achieve its full potential in the adhesive resins when used with natural and expanding usage of rubber -based adhesives most synthetic rubbers, the use of this series in the packaging and consumer market of of resins with Neoprene is not recommended. tomorrow. INVESTIGATIONS ESTABLISHING THE SAFETY OF ROSIN PRODUCTS FOR FOOD PACKAGING APPLICATIONS by J. P, Frawley Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington, Del. Webster defines rosin as a resin obtained I say we have started on this shift to from turpentine by distillation, whose uses licensing laws, because we have, in fact, are numerous and well-known. Frankly, this only started. Drugs, pesticides, and food is a poor definition, but I must agree that its additives including packaging chemicals have uses are numerous and certainly well-known come under this form of legislation. It is to this audience. safe to predict that cosmetics will soon be covered by similar legislation, as well as Noteworthy in its absence from this all other environmental chemicals, includ- definition is any comment to the effect that ing water and air pollutants, household sub- rosin is safe, I think all of us knew this stances, and natural food stuffs. The aim years ago, but in 1958 Congress declared is to eliminate everything from our environ- rosin as a "poisonous and deleterious sub- ment which might contribute to chronic stance, " This is not stated with cynicism, debilitating disease. but with an understanding of a basic change in thinking by society- -as reflected by Con- It is in this frame of reference that rosin gress- -on matters of public health. Prior was suspect, not because of any positive data to the last 10 years the average American on hazard, but the absence of data on safety was satisfied that adequate protection of the from prolonged exposure. public was provided by laws that authorized the Government to prevent further sale of a Shortly after the Food Additives Amend- product which could be proven to be unsafe-- ment was passed, Hercules and several other policing laws. However, with the advent of rosin producers requested an opinion of the chronic toxicity, the agument was advanced Food and Drug Administration on the safety that by the time the Gtovernment could prove of rosin and rosin-based products. We were in- such a case, irresponsible action on the part formed that they could not consider them of a manufacturer could do irreparable safe for the many extensive and diversified damage to the public. As a consequence, in uses they enjoy without the conventional long the field of public health we have started a term, 2-year chronic feeding studies in rats shift to licensing laws--those which assume and dogs, and evidence based on these everything to be unsafe until proven other- studies that they were safe to animals at 100 wise to the satisfaction of the government. times the level in the diet of man. 65 I am certain I need not point out that The types of rosin products which were this opinion presented Hercules with a major selected for both types of investigation are policy decision. Because of the vast number shown on the first two figures along with of products involved and their variety of some of the types of products which were uses, could we do the job on our products or not investigated. The first of these tables would our customers have to do it? Our shows the basic rosins and modified rosins. first step was to contact as many of our cus- tomers as possible and determine which pro- ducts were most important to them and how they were used. Without this cooperation of our customers we could not have made an intelligent decision on the importance of the products nor could we have designed proper experiments to cover their uses. Of our more than 70 rosin products, we concluded that 34 of these were used in suf- ficient volume by our chewing gum, flavor extract, paper, adhesive, cellophane, and Figure 1. --Basic rosins and modified rosins. coating customers to justify the expense in- volved in conducting these studies. The remainder did not. We also concluded that ^^^^^^^1 with only rare exception our customers /iTZIT'C:.' P50DS. could not justify the expense on the basis of ETK. GLYCOL his individual use of these products. Con- ETHANOL DIETH. GLYCOL sequently, the inevitable decision was made that Hercules would undertake the project. Our next step, quite understandably, > -<^ Icit:-:; acid [ was an evaluation of the need for extensive toxicological studies on all 34 of these pro- ^B^g PKTHALIC AltHY. ducts. Simple arithmetic of a minimum Figure 2. --Rosin derivatives. price of $50, 000 per compound times 34 told us we faced an expenditure of 1-3/4 million dollars just for animal studies. Based on The darkened blocks indicate those which various analytical data on composition, we were selected for study; no studies were con- were able to design a more limited program conducted on the others. that we believed would properly evaluate safety and yet avoid unnecessary duplication. Gum Rosin was selected for its tradi- This program was presented to the Food and tional importance to the paper industry and Drug Administration and accepted in advance. received the full 2-year study. It is this program that was announced sever- al years ago, and which I will describe. Wood Ros in, although it contained ap- proximately the same resin acid composi- tion as gum rosin, was fed for 2 years be- Let me start by explaining our thesis. cause the neutral fractions was different. We proposed to the Food and Drug that 2- year chronic studies in two species would be Tall Oil Rosin was also fed for 2 years necessary only for those rosin products because it contains a different neutral frac- which had basically different resin acid tion than the other two sources. components, and that 90-day subacute studies in one species would be adequate for the D ark Wood R osin and the a liphatic in- simpler derivatives (salts, esters, and ad- soluble resin (Vinsoi]"were fed for 2 years dition products) provided these confirmed no because they contain different resins and greater toxicity than the parent rosin. The resin acids which are partially oxidized. Food and Drug Administration agreed, except that products of different neutral components Partially Disproport i onated Rosin (Resin would also require 2-year studies. 731D) was fed for 2 years because it contains 66 far more dehydroabietic acid than the other of these experiments and the results, before resins and a different neutral fraction. I describe the migration studies on these products. P artially Hydrogenated Rosin (Staybel- ite) was fed for 2 years because it contained Table 1 shows the basic design of our a very high level of dihydroabietic acid and 90-day subacute studies. As can be seen, a different neutral fraction. Table 1. --Design of subacute studies Fully Hydrogenated Rosin (Foral) re- ceived similar long-term examinations be- Dietary levels No. of rats cause of its high content of tetrahydroabietic (pet. (per product) acid and also a different neutral fraction, due to different catalysts and reaction 5.0 20 conditions. 1.0 20 .2 20 Fully Dimerized Rosin (Dymerex) was .05 20 fed for 2 years because of its very high .01 20 dimer content and different neutrals. Controls 20 X 14 Partially Dimerized Rosin (Poly -pale), Total 3, 080 although containing less dimer than the fully dimerized product, contains somewhat dif- ferent neutrals and required the full 2 year five dietary levels were selected for each of examination. the basic rosins and each of the rosin deriva- tives. Because it was impossible to initiate Partially Oxidized Rosin is not a specific all of these studies on the same day, 14 con- commercial product of Hercules, but is in- trol groups were employed. As you can see, cluded in the figure to indicate that the par- each of the 34 products was fed to 100 rats tial oxidation was investigated indirectly by equally divided, 10 of each sex, between 5 the feeding of dark wood rosin, whereas ex- dietary levels ranging from 0. 01 percent and tensive oxidation has not been studied. 5 percent. Figure 2 shows the major types of rosin Table 2 shows the basic design of the salts, esters, and addition products. The 2 -yearchronic studies. All of the basic shaded ones only were selected for animal feeding studies. As can be seen, different Table 2. --Design of chronic studies types of reaction products were studied. However, because many combinations of Dietary levels No. of rats No. of dogs these reaction products are commercially (pet. per product per product important, a total of 24 products were fed for 90 days. For example, the glycerol 1.0 60 6 ester of wood rosin, partially hydrogenated, .2 60 partially dimerized, and fully dimerized .05 60 6 were all fed. Likewise, the pentaerythritol Controls 60 X 4 6x2 ester of wood rosin and the pentaerythritol ester of maleic modified wood rosin were Toteil 1, 680 138 both fed, In addition to the 24 subacute studies, rosins were fed at two dietary levels--l. we were required by the Food and Drug Ad- and 0. 05 percent. Three were fed also at ministration to feed one of these derivatives the dietary level of 0. 2 percent. The rosin for 2 years to both species to provide as- ester, Pentalyn A, was fed only at the level surance that the mild reaction conditions did of 0. 05 percent. Four control groups of rats not alter the long-term toxicity of the and two control groups of dogs were employed. neutrals. For this, we selected the Penta- Each group consisted of 30 male and 30 fe- erythritol ester of wood rosin (Pentaljoi A). male rats, and 3 male and 3 female dogs. While we are on the subject of the feeding All of these experimental animal studies studies, let me briefly describe the design were conducted and designed by Hercules, 67 with advice from the Food and Drug Admin- species. No organ weight effects were ob- istration, but were conducted under contract served at the 0. 2 percent level. Histopath- by the Industrial Bio- Test Laboratories, of ologic changes were present mostly in the Northbrook, 111. liver, with the few exceptions noted above, and were restricted to the 5 -percent dietary Table 3 is an attempt to itemize the most level. significant toxic effects which were noted in The feeding tests have demonstrated that the "no effect" or safe dietary level of the Table 3. --General toxicological effects products selected for these toxicological tests is 2, 000 p. p. m. for some and 10, 000 p. p. m. Feeding Basic and Deriva- for others. level Modified tives Item (pet. rosins of rosin Now, let us shift our discussion to the other phase of our investigation that was de- Mortality 5 Most Few signed to evaluate the quantity of rosin prod- 1 None None Growth ucts contributed to the human diet from all 5 All Few the various uses which rosins enjoy. As 1 Most Few 0.2 None None many of you realize, we have subscribed to a philosophy in this country, which has recently Organ wts. 5 All All 1 Most Most been endorsed by the World Health Organiza- tion and Food and Agricultural Organization 0.2 None None of the United Nations, that we should not per- Histopath. 5 Few Few 1 None None mit food additives in man's diet unless it is safe to experimental animals at 100 times the level contemplated in the human diet. The original basis for this conservativeness is examination of almost 5, 000 rats and 138 cited as a device to compensate for our lack dogs. Not listed are the thousands of ex- of precise means of predicting the effect of a aminations which were made and which re- vealed normal results, including, for ex- compovind on the most sensitive human. I like to call it an "ignorance factor, " but more ample, hematology, blood chemistry, liver " traditionally it is called a "margin of safety. and kidney function tests, urine chemistry, tumor incidence, and histologic examination The figure is based on the assumption that of more than 20 organs and tissues. Very man is 10 times as sensitive as the experi- briefly, with most of the basic rosins, but mental animals and the most sensitive human with only a few derivatives, the animals died is 10 times as sensitive as the average. Ex- on the 5-percent dietary levels. No mortality perience has taught us that this factor is occurred with any of the rosin products at the overly conservative. 1-percent dietary level. Growth was im- paired at the 5 percent level with all of the To determine whether a 100-fold margin basic rosins and a few of the derivatives. At of safety existed for the rosin products, in- the 1-percent level most of the rosins im- formation was required on the amount contri- paired growth but only a few of the deriva- buted to food from the use of these products tives. At 0. 2 percent no growth effects were as sizing agents, tackifiers in adhesives, observed with any of the products. The dif- plasticizers in wax coatings, modifiers in ference in growth and mortality between the coatings, and masticatory substances in basic rosins and the derivatives was concluded chewing gum- -the major uses in which human to be due to the greater free acidity of the food are associated. basic rosins, which caused intestinal irrita- tion and food refusal. Usual methods of chemical analysis were not satisfactory or adequate for most of these Effects on organ weights were generally studies for obvious reasons; therefore, we re- restricted to the liver, except for an effect sorted to the use of radioactive techniques. on the kidneys and testes by a few types of Time did not permit us to grow pine trees rosins. All of the products produced marked in a radioactive carbon dioxide atmosphere liver enlargement at the 5-percent level, and and collect the radioactive rosin. However, most of the products caused some degree of after many preliminary experiments, we de- enlargement at the 1 -percent level in both veloped a procedure to introduce tritium, 68 radioactive hydrogen, into the rosin molecule I have summarized data for aqueous and fatty by the Wilzbach random -tagging procedure foods at refrigerator and room temperatures and thus were able to prepare many of these for a commercial nitrocellulose lacquer coat- products to contain a uniform "tag" on all ing on paper, containing 20 percent Hercolyn components including the neutral fractions. D in the coating. This particular experiment For other rosin products, as rosin esters, was conducted both with tritium tagged Her- we were able to esterify the rosin with Cl4 colyn D and C^^ tagged Hercolyn D, (C 1^ in tagged alcohol. the methanol radical). Again migration to fatty foods is the most significant. Rather than devote the entire time allow- ed to a discussion of the details of how these Table 6 shows the migration from paper experiments were conducted, I believe it with a wax coating that has been modified with would be more appropriate to show you the results of a few of our migration experi- ments. In all of these experiments, we Table 6. --Typical migration of rosin ester were again indebted to many of our customers from wax coatings -^^ who supplied us with detailed information on formulation, and in some cases, prepared Type food Temp. Time Migration the finished formulation so that our migra- tion studies would accurately evaluate the Days P. p. m. degree of migration. Aqueous Refrig. 14 1. Aqueous Room 14 3. In the next series of tables I have select- Aqueous Warehouse 14 11. ed representative data merely to give an in- dication of the degree of migration. Table 4 1/ Containing 10-percent Staybelite Ester 10. shows the typical migration of rosin size to 10 percent Staybelite Ester 10. No fatty foods Table 4. --Typical migration of rosin size^ were studied because such foods are not ordin- arily packaged in this type of paper. These Type food Temp. Time Migration data reveal the marked effect of temperature on the degree migration. Days p. p. m. Ice cream Freezer 28 .1 Table 7 shows similar data for aqueous Green beans Freezer 28 . 1 and fatty food exposed to paper containing no Chicken Refrig. 3 3.2 Sausage Refrig. 5 52.7 Butter Refrig. 7 10.7 Table 7. --Typical migration of rosin "Puffedrice" Room 7 4.8 ester from adhesives ^ Sugar Room 7 .8 Type food Temp. Time Migration jy 2.5 percent pale rosin size in paper. food. In this table, I have shown the analyses Days P. p. m. in foods which have been stored for reason- Aqueous Refrig. 7 .6 able times at reasonable temperatures in con- Fatty Refrig. 7 13 tact with typical commercial paper containing Aqueous Room 7 1.2 2. 5 percent radioactive rosin size. It is ob- Fatty Room 7 13 vious that migration is a function of tempera- ture and degree of fat in the food. In table 5 1/ Containing 50-percent Staybelite Ester 10; 95-percent overlap. Table 5. — Typical migration of 1/rosin ester radioactive rosin except in the adhesive used from lacquer coating for sealing edges. The adhesive contained 50 percent Staybelite Ester 10 as the tackifying Type food Temp. Time Migration agent. Only 5 percent of the adhesive was in Days P. p. m. direct contact with the food. High tempera- Aqueous Refrig. 14 .1 ture and fatty foods result in the highest level Fatty Refrig. 14 47 of migration. Aqueous Room 14 .8 Fatty Room 14 72 Table 8 shows the migration, or extrac- 1/ Containing 20-percent Hercolyn D, tion, or a rosin ester from chewing gum when 69 Table 8. --Typical migration from the two categories of foods from the five chewing gum^/ major applications of rosin products. Mastication Time Migration Hrs. P, p, m, to The facts are now available on the degree total diet of migration to food resulting from the use of Machine 1 .7 rosin products. The facts are also available 5 .9 on the toxicity of these products to experi- Human 1 .3 mental animals. Table 10 shows the com- 2 .4 parison of toxicity with our best estimate of \j Gum base containing 20-percent Hercolyn D. used as a softening agent in the masticatory substance. This particular gum base con- Table 10. --Comparison of migration results tained 20 percent Hercolyn D and the gum with toxicity base represented 20 percent of the finished chewing gum. The migration figures are Migration to total 5 to 10 p. p. m. calculated on a total diet basis (1 kilogram diet of man of dry food per day) to permit comparison Safe level in total 2,000 to 10,000 p. p.m. with other migration data and assuming a diet of rats and maximum chewing of 1 pack a day. The data dogs show a low level of migration both from the mastication machine, which was a laboratory double-armed kneader, and from actual hu- man mastication of the radioactive gum and the amount of rosin contributed to the diet expectoration of saliva. of humans. A minimum of a 200-fold margin Table 9 summarizes all of the migration of safety exists. studies and shows the average migration to Table 9. --Average migration of rosin products I have tried to summarize the investiga- (Typical conditions of use and storage) tions Hercules has conducted to demonstrate the safety of rosin products in several of Application Aqu eous foods Fatty foods their major uses. These data have been P .p. m. P.p. m. submitted to the Food and Drug Administra- Rosin sizing 1.5 32 tion and have served as the major basis for Lacquer coat- the proposed regulation permitting their uses ings .5 24 in these applications. We are confident that Wax coatings 1.0 -- the Food and Drug Administration will agree Adhesives .4 5 that the use of these products involves no Chewing gum .5 -- risk to the health of the consumer. SESSION IV - PANEL DISCUSSION F. R. Gates, Chairman CONCLUSION OF CONFERENCE The Conference concluded with a panel facturing;" E. G. Crum, Hercules Powder discussion on problems facing the naval Co. Wilmington, Del. , "Utilization;" , stores industry. The session was chaired G. W. Varn, Varn Trading Co. Jackson-, by F. R. Gates, Union Bag -Camp Paper ville, Fla. ,and J. S. Laws, Filtered Corp. New York, N. Y. Members of the , Rosin Products Co. Baxley, Ga. "Quality , , panel and the areas they covered are: and Raw Materials;" and J. R. Durland, C. H. Horst, Guignon & Green, Inc. New , Monsanto Chemical Co. St. Louis, Mo. , York, N. Y. "Marketing;" E. L. Patton, , "Research. " The Langdale Co. Valdosta, Ga, "Manu- , , 70 Judge Harley Langdale, President of the Clapp, Cecil E. U. S. Forest Serv. USD A, , , American Turpentine Farmers Association, South Bldg. 3238, Washington, D. C. 20250 in his closing remarks thanked the partici- pants; and, in behalf of the naval stores in- Cleaver,W. L., Hercules Powder Co. , 910 dustry, expressed appreciation for the gov- Market St. Wilmington, Del. 19899 , ernment research program. Close, R. E. , Organic Chemicals Div, The , Glidden Co. , P.O. Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 ATTENDANCE LIST Colyer, Robert F. Nelio Chemicals Inc. , Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp. P.O. Box , Albert, Frank, Fla. Forestry Assoc. 6170, Jacksonville, Fla. 32205 Jacksonville, Fla. Crum, E.G., Pine & Paper Chemicals Albert, R.M. Jr., The Glidden Co. P.O. Hercules Powder Co. Wilmington , , Dept. , , Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 DeL 19899 Anderson, Ron, Intl. Flavors & Fragrances, 521 West 57th St. , New York, N. Y. 10019 Davis, M. V. , American Agr. Chem. Co. P.O. Box 67, Pierce, Fla. Applegate, A. R. Hudson Pulp & Paper , Corp., P.O. Box 1040, Palatka, Fla. Derfer, John M. The Glidden Co. P.O. , , Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Bain, J. P. , Aromatic s Dev, , Union Bag- Camp Paper Co., P.O. Box 6170, Dickerson, Henry N. , Naval Stores Market Jacksonville, Fla. 32205 News, USDA, Room 231, P.O. Bldg,, Savannah, Ga. Ball, Donald E. , Continental Can Co. Jasper, Fla. Dorsky, Julian, The Givaudan Corp. , Dela- wannaAve. Clifton, N.J. 07014 m , Barton, W. J. Union Bag-Camp Paper " , Corp., P.O. Box 570, Savannah, Ga. Durland, John R. Monsanto Chemical Co. , 800 North Lindbergh Blvd. St. Louis, , Baudier, Sidney, Jr., Naval Stores Review, Mo. 63166 Peace Bldg. 624 Gravier St. New , , Orleans, La. 70130 Dyer, C. Dorsey, Univ. of Ga. , Extension Bldg, Athens, Ga. 30601 , Bordenca, Carl, Res, & Dev. The Glidden , Co., P.O. Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Eckhardt, Owen S. Southern Naval Stores , 135 South La Salle St. Chicago 111. 60603 , Borlew, Peter B. 5662 Tanglewood Lane, , Jacksonville, Fla. 32211 Edwards, George J. Univ. of Fla, , , Citrus Expt, Sta, Lake Alfred, Fla, , Brooks, Thomas W. Peninsular Chem. , Res. Inc. , Gainesville, Fla. , Elliott, David J., Procter & Gamble, P.O. Box 599, Cincinnati, Ohio 45201 Brown, C. L. , Univ. of Ga. , Athens, Ga. 30601 Elliott-Shircore, T. I. Chiswick Prods. , Ltd. Burlington Lane, Chiswick, London , Campbell, Douglas, Pulp Chemicals Assn, W. 4, England 60 East 42nd St, New York, N. Y, 10017 , Faber, J. A. , Organic Chemicals Div, The , Canora, L. A. , The Glidden Co., 5582 Paul Glidden Co. , P.O. Box 389, Jacksonville, BettDr., Jacksonville, Fla. 32211 Fla. 32201 Childs, Thad G. , Filtered Rosin Prods. Foy, Courtney B. The Lerio Corp. , , P.O. Douglas, Ga. Box 567, Valdosta, Ga. 71 Frawley, John P. Hercules Powder Co. , Herrick, A. M. , Univ. of Ga. , Athens, Ga. 910 Market St. Wilmington, Del. 19899 , 30601 Frazer, P.W. , School of Forestry, Univ. of Herrlinger, Richard, Arizona Chem, Co. Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 P.O. Box 2417, Panama City, Fla. Gary, W. Y. , The Glidden Co. , P. O. Box Heyes, James, Post, Univ. of Fla. , 618 1/2 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 S.W. 10th St. , Gainesville, Fla. Gates, F,R. , Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp. Hoffman, E.E., Dixie Pine Prods. Co., 233 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 10007 Hattiesburg, Miss. Geltz, C. G. School of Forestry, Univ of , Horst, C. H. , Guignon & Green Co. , 90 West Fla, , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 St. , New York,. N. Y. 10006 Goda, K. Kanematsu New York Inc. One , , Jensen, A. S. , Agr. Ext. Serv, , Univ. of Whitehall St. New York, N. Y. 10004 , Fla. , Gainesville, Fla, 32603 Goddard, Ray E. , School of Forestry, Univ. Joiner, J. G. The Langdale Co., , P. O. Box of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 980, Valdosta, Ga. Gray, John L. School of Forestry, College , Kane, Bernard J. The Glidden Co. , , P. O. of Agr. Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. , Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 32603 Kaufman, Clem, School of Forestry, Univ. Greek, Bruce, Chemical & Engineering News, of Fla, , Gainesville, Fla, 32603 News, 1121 Walker Ave. Houston, Tex. , Kressman, F.W, Jr., Continental Tur- , Gressang, Robert W. West Virginia Pulp , pentine & Rosin Corp. Shamrock, Fla. , & Paper Co. Charleston, S. C. , Kressman, John G. Continental Turpentine , Guild, AlanC. , Whitney & Oettler, P.O. & Rosin Corp. Shamrock, Fla. , Box 155, Savannah, Ga. Lain,Norman G. Florida Forest Serv. , P.O. Box 1569, Tallahassee, Fla. Guilkey, Paul C. Southeastern Forest Expt. , Sta. U.S. Forest Serv. , P.O. Box 2570, , Lane, John, Naval Stores & Timber Prod. Asheville, N. C. Lab. Olustee, Fla. , Langdale, Judge Harley, American Tur- pentine Farmers Assoc. 108 West Hill , Hanley, James R. The Glidden Co. , , P. O. Ave. Valdosta, Ga. , Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 Laws, J. S., Filtered Rosin Prods. Co., P.O. Box 179, Baxley, Ga. Hargreaves, L. A, Jr. School of Forestry, , , Univ. of Ga. , Athens, Ga. 30601 Leffingwell, John C, The Glidden Co. , P.O. Box 389, Jacksonville. Fla. 32201 Harrington, T. A. Naval Stores & Timber , Prod. Lab. Southeastern Forest Expt. , Lindgren, V. V. , Arizona Chem. Co, , Time Sta., P.O. Box 3, Olustee, Fla. 32072 & Life Bldg. , New York, N. Y. Hegeman, George B. Arthur D. Little, 35 , Lenders, R. J. , Southern States Containers, Acorn Park, Cambridge, Mass. 02140 P.O. Box 1154, St. Simons Island, Ga. Herndon, T. O, , Federal Naval Stores In- Luthy, Max, The Givaudan Corp. , Delawanna spector, USDA, 901 Maplewood Dr. Ave., Clifton, N.J. 07014 Valdosta, Ga. 31603 McComer, W, H, Forest Management, , Herndon, Thomas G. Agr, Ext. Serv. , Georgia Forestry Comm. P.O. Box , Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 1078, Macon, Ga. 72 Mcintosh, J. Nash, Intl. Naval Stores Div, Oliver,W. F. Raw Materials Procurement, , Peninsular -Lurton Co. 1407 Savannah , The Glidden Co. Organic Chemicals Div. , Bank Bldg, Savannah, Ga. , P.O. 389, Jacksonville, Fla. 32201 McLaughlin, H. E. Newport Div. Heyden , , Oshimo, K. Kanematsu New York, Inc. , Newport Chem. Corp. 407 South Pace , One Whitehall St. New York, N. Y. 10004 , Blvd. Pensacola, Fla. , Ostermayer, R.W, Sr. Pennsylvania In- , , Matsuo, I. Kanematsu New York, Inc. , , One dustrial Chem. Corp. 120 State St. , Whitehall St. New York, N. Y. 10004 , Clairton, Pa. Matsuo, K, Kanematsu New York Inc. , , One Whitehall St. New York, N. Y. 10004 , Patton, E. L. The Langdale Co. , , P.O. Box 980, Valdosta, Ga. Matthews, D. R. (Billy), U.S. Representa- tive, Washington, D. C. Payne, M. L. Newport Div. , Heyden New- , port Chem. Corp. 407 South Pace Blvd. , Meyer, H. L. Chematar Pine Prods. Corp., Pensacola, Fla. 32501 40 Exchange PI. New York, N. Y. 10005 , Pearce, John W. United Merchants Res, , Miller, Emery B., Peninsular Chem. Res., Inc., Ctr. Langley, S. C. , P.O. Box 14318, Univ. Sta., Gainesville, Fla. Petzold, Max, Peninsular Chem. Res. Inc. Miller, James W. Jr. School of Forestry, , , P.O. Box 14318, Univ. Sta,, Gainesville, Univ. of Fla. Gainesville, Fla. 32603 , Fla. W. Lamar, Dev. Res, Peninsular Miller, Phillips,Benjamin, Union Carbide Corp, Chem. Res. Inc., P.O. Box 14318, Univ. 270 Park Ave. New York, N. Y. 10017 , Sta. , Gainesville, Fla. Poore, Rex L. Peninsular-Lurton Co. , , P.O. Mitch, Frank A., TheGlidden Co., 2969 Herschel P.O. Box 225, Helena, Ga. St., Apt. 6, Jacksonville, Fla. 32205 Pritchett, Marvin, P.O. Box 311, Lake Moak, James E. School of Forestry, Miss. , Butler, Fla. State Univ. P.O. Box 385, State College, , Pruet, Frank, Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp. Miss. 39762 Nelio Chemicals Inc. P.O. Box 6170, , Jacksonville, Fla. 32205 Mowat, D. D. Naval Stores Br., Tobacco , Div. , AMS, USD A, Washington, D. C. Putnam, Robert J. The Champion Paper , Musgrove, Downing, American Turpentine Co., Chemicals Div., 133 Parkway Offices, Farmers Assn., 1204 North Patterson St, Asheville, N. C. Valdosta, GA Reasor, G. L. Southern Naval Stores, 135 , South La Salle St. Chicago, 111. 60603 Nagle, William B. Southern Resin and , Chem. Co. Glen St. Mary,Fla. , Redkevitch, Zenon, Byproducts, Owens- Illinois Glass Co. - FPD, P.O. Box 950, Nelson, Thomas C. Division Timber Mgt, , Valdosta, Ga. Res. U. S. Forest Serv. , USD A, , Washington, D. C. 20250 Reinert, George L. , Florida Forest Serv. Tallahassee, Fla. Newton, Gordon, The Newton Co. , Lake City, Fla, Reitz, J. Wayne, Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 Nice,M. A, Jr. Purchasing, Hercules , , Powder Co. 910 Market St. Wilmington, , , Roark, James N, , Monsanto Co, , Nitro. Del. 19801 West Va. 73 Roberts, Donald R, Forest Serv. , , USD A, Stump, J. H, Jr. Newport Div. Heyden , , P.O. Box 3, Olustee, Fla. Newport Chem. Corp. 407 South Pace , Blvd. (P.O. Drawer 911) Pensacola, Fla. Robinson, E. W. , Jr. , USD A, Naval Stores Br. Savannah, Ga. , Sullivan, E.T. , School of Forestry, Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 Ruark, H. E. , Georgia Forest Research Council, P.O. Box 1502, Macon, Ga. Tarrant, Paul, Univ. of Fla. , Gainesville, Fla. 32603 Tarver, W. B. Union Bag-Camp Paper , Schmitt, R. H. Brunswick Pulp & Paper , Corp., P.O. Box 570, Savannah, Ga. Co. Brunswick, Ga. , 31402 Schuette, Robert L. National Rosin Oil , Tate, Dan C, Tech, Serv. Dept. , Champion , Prods, , Inc. , Savannah, Ga, i_ Paper Co. , Canton, N. C. Senti,F.R., Agr. Res. Serv., USD A, Taylor, Hayward, Southern Forest Expt. Washington, D. C. 20250 Sta. Auburn Forest Res. Lab. Auburn, , , Ala. 36830 Shelton,George, Jr. Shelton Naval Stores , Prods. Co, Valdosta, Ga. , Taylor, Tom, EEL Tech. Serv. Taylor, , Lowenstein & Co. Mobile, Ala. , Shepard, C. C. The Glidden Co, 6727 , , Fincannon Rd, Jacksonville, Fla, 32211 , Varn, George W, Varn Trading Co, P.O. Shirley, A. R. Georgia Forestry Comm. , , , P.O. Box 1077, Macon, Ga. Box 924, Jacksonville, Fla. Slattery, J. L. , Continental Turpentine & Rosin Corp. , Shamrock, Fla. Wagner, Herbert B, , Producers Assn. Div. Agr. Stab. & Cons. Serv. USDA, , Washington, D. C. 20250 Smith, Alfred E. , Continental Can Co. , P.O. Box 407, Maccleny, Fla. Ware, Glenn O. Tech. Service Forester, , Hudson Pulp & Paper Corp., P.O. Box Somerville, Willard T. Intl. Flavors & , 1040, Palatka, Fla. Fragrances (U.S.) 800 Rose Lane, Union Beach, N.J. 07735 Welch, William B. , The Lerio Corp. Mobile, Ala, Squillace, A. E, Southeastern Forest Expt. , Sta. , P.O. Box 3, Olustee, Fla. Weymann, Henry P. Heyden Newport Chem. , Corp., P.O. Drawer 911, Pensacola, Fla. Stallworth, Jack, Stallworth Pine Prod. Co, 32502 Mobile, Ala. Steigerwalt, M. A. , Continental Can Co. Wiekerson, W. C, The Glidden Co. , P.O. Inc., P.O. Box 2607, Savannah, Ga. Box 389, Jacksonville, Fla. Stief, Fred J, , Newport Div. , Heyden New- Williams, George B, Union Bag-Camp , port Chem. Corp., P.O. Box 911, Paper Corp, Nelio Chemicals, Inc., P.O. , Pensacola, Fla. Box 6170, Jacksonville, Fla, 32205 Stokes, Charles M. Agr. Expt, Sta, , , Auburn Williams, Jack C. , Sales, the Lerio Corp. Auburn Univ, Auburn, Ala, 36830 , P.O. Box 567, Valdosta, Ga. Stouf er, W. B, The Glidden Co, , , P. O. Box Wilson, Jack L. Pennsylvania Ind. Chem. , 389, Jacksonville, Fla. Corp., 120 State St., Clairton, Pa. 15025 74 Wolford, Richard W. Florida Citrus , Woodland, Lawrence R, Arthur D. Little, , Comm, Citrus Expt. Sta. Lake Alfred, , , Inc. , 35 Acorn Park, Cambridge, Mass, Fla. 02140 ATTENDANCE OF PERSONNEL FROM THE SOUTHERN UTILIZATION RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DIVISION FOR AT LEAST ONE SESSION OF THE MEETING Braun, J. C. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, McConnell, N. C. , Naval Stores Lab. Fla. Olustee, Fla. Fisher, C. H. , Director, New Orleans, La. Mazzeno, L. W. , Jr., Office of the Director, New Orleans, La. Fisher, G. S. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Fla. Minor, J. C. , Naval Stores Lab, , Olustee, Fla. Halbrook, N„ J. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Fla. Parkin, B. A. Jr. , , Naval Stores Lab. Olustee, Fla. ^Hedrick, G„W. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Fla. Schuller, W. H. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Fla. Kenney, R.L. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Sharar, B, A. Office of the Director, , New Fla. Orleans, La. Lawrence, R. V. , Naval Stores Lab. Summers, N„ B. , Jr. , Naval Stores Lab. Olustee, Fla. Olustee, Fla. Lewis, J. B. , Naval Stores Lab. , Olustee, Wojcik, B. H. Office of the Director, , New Fla. Orleans, La. I 75 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U. S. DEPARMTENT OF AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY Southern Utilization Research & development division P. O. BOX 19687 NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA 70119 h III lilliii II 1 I liii ii 1022762974 OFFICIAL BUSINESS FOLLOW THK LABIL u. eiruiiiai or acikhliiiie